Abstract: The membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell includes a polymer electrolyte membrane, and an anode and a cathode disposed on each side of the polymer electrolyte membrane and including a catalyst layer. The catalyst layer has a first catalyst layer that has a porosity of less than or equal to about 40% and is disposed to contact the polymer electrolyte membrane, and a second catalyst layer that has a porosity of more than or equal to about 50% and is disposed on the first catalyst layer.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell includes a polymer matrix comprising a cross-linked curable oligomer with nano-sized proton conductive polymer particles in the polymer matrix. The curable oligomer may include unsaturated functional groups at each end of a chain, and may further include 3 to 14 ethylene oxides. The proton conductive polymer nano particles may include fluorine-based proton conductive polymer nano particles, non-fluorine-based proton conductive polymer nano particles, hydrocarbon-based proton conductive polymer nano particles, and combinations.

Abstract: The polymer electrolyte membrane of the present invention includes polymers having a fluoroalkyl group and a proton conductive group. The present invention also provides a membrane-electrode assembly, a fuel cell system including the polymer electrolyte membrane, and a method of making the polymer electrolyte membrane by a chemical grafting method. The amount of the proton conductive groups in the polymer electrolyte membrane can be controlled, the membrane thickness can be easily controlled, adherence between a polymer electrolyte membrane and an electrode is improved due to the fluoroalkyl of the polymer, and long-term stability of a membrane-electrode assembly is improved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high temperature proton-conducting polymer membrane, a preparation method thereof, a membrane-electrode assembly using the same and a fuel cell containing the same. More particularly, it relates to a proton-conducting polymer membrane enabling fuel cell operation under high temperature and normal pressure condition, wherein sulfoalkyl or sulfoaryl groups are introduced between layers of metal phosphate and cation exchange groups are present in side chains, a preparation method thereof and a membrane-electrode assembly using the proton exchange membrane and a fuel cell containing the same.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell, a method of preparing the same, and a fuel cell system comprising the same. The polymer electrolyte membrane includes a metal-bound inorganic ion-conductive salt and an ion-conductive cation exchange resin.

Abstract: The polymer electrolyte membrane of the present invention includes a proton conductive cation exchange resin, a non-proton-conductive polymer, and an inorganic additive. The inorganic additive is adapted to inhibit a phase separation between the proton conductive cation exchange resin and the non-proton-conductive polymer.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell includes an ion exchange resin membrane, and an electric conductive polymer. The electric conductive polymer is present along a thickness direction of the ion exchange resin membrane from one side of the ion exchange resin membrane to the interior of the ion exchange resin membrane.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte membrane for a direct oxidation fuel cell includes a porous polymer supporter having a plurality of pores, and a hydrocarbon fuel diffusion barrier layer which is formed on the polymer supporter and contains an inorganic additive dispersed in a cation exchange resin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a UV-cured multi-component polymer blend electrolyte, lithium secondary battery and their fabrication method, wherein the UV-cured multi-component polymer blend electrolyte, comprises: A) function-I polymer obtained by curing ethyleneglycoldi-(meth)acrylate oligomer of formula 1 by UV irradiation, CH2?CR1COO(CH2CH2O)nCOCR2?CH2 (1) wherein, R1 and R2 are independently a hydrogen or methyl group, and n is an integer of 3-20; B) function-II polymer selected from the group consisting of PAN-based polymer, PMMA-based polymer and mixtures thereof; C) function-III polymer selected from the group consisting of PVdF-based polymer, PVC-based polymer and mixtures thereof; and D) organic electrolyte solution in which lithium salt is dissolved in a solvent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite ion-exchange membrane that can exhibit good conductivity at high temperatures, methods to produce the polymer membrane, membrane-electrode assemblies that comprise one or more of such polymers, and polymer electrolyte fuel cells that comprise one or more of such electrode assemblies.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device includes a differential amplifier having first and second input terminals and at least one output terminal. The first input terminal is configured to receive a reference voltage and the second input terminal is configured to receive a time-varying input signal. A normally-on CMOS transmission gate is also provided. The CMOS transmission gate has an input terminal configured to receive a reference voltage and an output terminal electrically coupled to the first input terminal of the differential amplifier. This CMOS transmission gate operates to reduce fluctuations in the reference voltage caused by kick back noise by adding parasitic capacitance to the first input terminal of the differential amplifier.

Abstract: The present invetion relates to a UV-cured multi-component polymer blend electrolyte, lithium secondary battery and their fabrication method, wherein the UV-cured multi-component polymer blend electrolyte, comprises: A) function-I polymer obtained by curing ethyleneglycoldi-(meth)acrylate oligomer of formula 1 by UV irradiation, CH2?CR1COO(CH2CH2O)nCOCR2?CH2 (1) wherein,R1 and R2 are independently a hydrogen or methyl group, and n is an integer of 3-20;B) function-II polymer selected from the group consisting of PAN-based polymer, PMMA-based polymer and mixtures thereof; C) function-III polymer selected from the group consisting of PVdF-based polymer, PVC-based polymer and mixtures thereof; and D) organic electrolyte solution in which lithium salt is dissolved in a solvent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite ion-exchange membrane that can exhibit good conductivity at high temperatures, methods to produce the polymer membrane, membrane-electrode assemblies that comprise one or more of such polymers, and polymer electrolyte fuel cells that comprise one or more of such electrode assemblies.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composite electrolyte membrane for fuel cells, comprising, based on weight of the membrane, a matrix blend resin that consists of 10-70 wt % of an ion exchange resin having a cation exchanging group on the side chain thereof, 10-70% wt of a non-conductive polymer and 10-70 wt % of a thermo-curable oligomer, and 10-60 wt % of a proton conductive material. In the matrix blend resin, the thermo-curable oligomer is cross-linked with chains of the non-conductive polymer and the ion exchange resin by heat, thus forming network structure, in which the proton conductive material of fine powder forms is uniformly dispersed. The above membrane is excellent in proton conductivity, mechanical properties, dimensional stability, and separability between gaseous or liquid fuel and gaseous oxidant. In particular, the membrance has excellent ion conductivity at high temperatures of 100° C. or more because of a moisturizing function of the proton conductive material.

Abstract: A high-speed and low-power encoder and an encoding method, wherein the encoder includes a switching unit for receiving a thermal code of a predetermined number of bits received in series, and outputting one bit among the received bits as a most significant bit and the other bits in parallel, and an encoder for dividing the bits received from the switching unit in parallel into groups having a predetermined number of bits, encoding the bits in each group into a predetermined number of bits, selecting one group of encoded bits using bits not used by the groups, and outputting least significant bits together with the most significant bit output from the switching unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical integrated circuit; and, more particularly, to a method for preparing an improved hybrid optical integrated circuit which is capable of accommodating optical waveguides, optical devices, such as light emitting devices and light receiving devices, and optical fibers in an effective manner. The present invention has the advantages of minimizing horizontal misalignment error between the SOI waveguide rib area, the V-groove etch window and the alignment marks, decreasing the manufacturing cost by passively aligning the waveguides, the optical devices and the optical fibers on a single substrate. Also, the present invention has an effect of reducing fresnel reflection loss by providing the LPCVD silicon nitride layer capable of being used as an anti-reflection coating layer at both ends of the waveguide.

Abstract: A high-speed and low-power encoder and an encoding method, wherein the encoder includes a switching unit for receiving a thermal code of a predetermined number of bits received in series, and outputting one bit among the received bits as a most significant bit and the other bits in parallel, and an encoder for dividing the bits received from the switching unit in parallel into groups having a predetermined number of bits, encoding the bits in each group into a predetermined number of bits, selecting one group of encoded bits using bits not used by the groups, and outputting least significant bits together with the most significant bit output from the switching unit.

Abstract: A dynamic latch that can be used in a high-speed analog-to-digital converter is provided. The dynamic latch includes a discharging unit which discharges a first output node in parallel in response to one of a pair of differential input signals and a second output node, and discharges the second output node in parallel in response to the other of the pair of differential input signals and the first output node, and a current source which sinks current from the discharging unit in response to a clock signal. The dynamic latch is capable of removing kick-back voltage which may occur in the existing latch and compensating for a drawback caused by a low-speed charge/discharge, which allows for improvement in operation speed.

Abstract: An optical switch module for aligning and fixing an optical fiber array relative to an optical switch device includes an optical fiber support member for fixing the optical fiber array; a first support device forming a homo-junction with the optical fiber support member and including a first thermal deformation buffer device; and a second support device forming a hetero-junction with the first support device to support the first support device and including a second thermal deformation buffer device.

Abstract: Disclosed is an energy economized pass-transistor logic having a level restoration circuit (50) free from leakage and a full adder using the same. The logic comprises a functional block (10) having a plurality of n type FETs (M1 . . . M4), for performing at least one logical function of inputs (12, 14, 16, 18) to generate two complementary signals (20, 22), the complementary signals (20, 22) being a weak high level signal and a strong low level signal; and a level restoration block (50) having first and second CMOS inverters (52, 54), for restoring the weak high level signal to a strong or full high level signal and preventing a leakage current flowing through one of the first and the second CMOS inverters (52, 54) where the weak high level is applied.