Abstract: An ink composition having a high optical density, can implement a clear color image and improve the durability of printed images, such as waterproofness, lightfastness, gasfastness, environmental resistance, etc., having excellent storage stability, and does not cause clogging of nozzles of a cartridge of an inkjet printer even after being stored for a long-term. An inkjet printer cartridge including the ink composition, and an inkjet recording apparatus including the cartridge.

Abstract: An ink set includes an ink composition including an encapsulated black pigment in which a black pigment is coated with a polymer resin.

Abstract: A liquid composition to clean an inkjet nozzle, and a inkjet head cleaning unit that contains the same. The liquid composition includes an inkjet ink stabilizer capable of removing impurities from an inkjet nozzle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polymyxin synthetase isolated from Gram-positive Paenibacillus sp. and a gene cluster encoding the same, more precisely a polymyxin synthetase isolated from Paenibacillus polymyxa E681, a gene cluster encoding thereof and a preparation method of polymyxin or its derivatives using the gene cluster. The polymyxin synthetase of the present invention can be effectively used for the increase of productivity of polymyxin and the development of a novel antibiotic.

Abstract: An ink composition includes a colorant, a solvent, and an amide compound. Due to the use of the amide compound, the ink composition has effective storage stability and wetness at nozzles and has a low mobility of a colorant due to interaction between the colorant and the amide compound and a high adhesion to paper, thus minimizing bleeding between colors of printed images. In addition, the ink composition has effective color fastness, such as water fastness and dry and wet rubfastness of printed images, on paper, thus providing improved quality and durability of printed images. Further, the ink composition provides improved long-term storage stability. Thus, the ink composition may be used in various applications, such as inks for inkjet printers or printing, coatings, textile printing, making papers, cosmetics, ceramics, and the like.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of increasing resistance to disease in a plant. Also provided are plant steroid biosynthesis enzyme coding sequences, including sequences for squalene synthase, constructs comprising these sequences, plants transformed therewith and methods of use thereof. Methods for producing a plant with increased disease resistance are also provided. In certain aspects of the invention, methods for producing plants transformed with the nucleic acids are provided, the transformed plants exhibiting improved disease resistance.

Abstract: An ink composition comprising a colorant, a solvent, a surfactant, and a defoaming agent is provided. The defoaming agent has a structure of Formula R1—X—(CH2CH2O)m-(CHCH3CH2O)n-R2??(I), in which, X is selected from the group consisting of COO, O, S, R3—N and R4(R5)—C; R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group and a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group; m is an integer from 0 to 100; and n is a natural number from 1 to 100. The ink composition according to the exemplary embodiment exhibits low foaming properties in order to flow smoothly and has a good initial discharge capacity and less ink bleeding so that it is possible to achieve a high print quality during printing, and an ink cartridge including the same.

Abstract: Disclosed are an organometallic precursor that may be used in manufacturing a semiconductor device, a thin film having the same, a metal wiring including the thin film, a method of forming a thin film and a method of manufacturing a metal wiring. An organometallic precursor including a central metal, a borohydride ligand and an amine ligand for reducing a polarity of the organometallic precursor may be provided onto a substrate, and may be thermally decomposed to form a thin film on the substrate. The organometallic precursor having a reduced polarity may be provided to a chamber with a constant flow rate, and thus stability and/or efficiency of a semiconductor manufacturing process may be improved.

Abstract: An ink composition including a colorant, a cyclic amide compound, a cyclic dicarbonyl compound, and water, an ink cartridge including the same, and an inkjet recording apparatus including the same. The ink composition maintains high solubility and stability of a colorant, even when used in small amounts, thereby enhancing not only a storage stability but also a fusing property of the ink composition on a print medium, and thus reinforces a rubbing resistance of the ink composition on the print medium. The ink composition is easily dried on the print medium, and thus bleeding between colors is minimized, thereby improving printed image quality because little or solvent having a high boiling point is used in the ink composition.

Abstract: The invention provides novel methods and compositions for modulating gene function in plants. In particular, the invention provides methods and compositions that allow efficient induction of virus-induced gene silencing in plants. The invention is significant in that it allows high throughput analysis of gene function in plants.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a lower panel for a plasma display panel using X-rays which includes preparing a base substrate; forming a barrier rib material layer on the base substrate; defining barrier rib patterns by scanning X-rays on the barrier rib material layer; and developing the barrier rib material layer to form barrier ribs. Fine-pitch patterning of the barrier ribs can be achieved with high precision by using X-rays.

Abstract: A data input/output control method and apparatus in an input/output subsystem are provided. The data input/output control method, in a system for inputting/outputting data to/from a disk sector according to an input/output command provided from a disk driver, includes: extracting the input/output commands for inputting/outputting the data to/from disk sector from the disk driver and generating a set of input/output commands; analyzing the load feature of the input/output command based on the set of input/output commands; determining whether the load of the input/output command corresponds to a multimedia application; and controlling the data which is input/output to/from the disk to correspond to the multimedia application according to the determination result.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a thin layer, an organic metal precursor is provided onto a substrate. The organic metal precursor has a vapor pressure of about 0.5 Torr to about 6 Torr at a temperature of about 65° C. to about 95° C. and is represented by following Chemical Formula 1. An oxidant including an oxygen atom is provided onto the substrate to oxidize the organic metal precursor. The organic metal precursor reacts with the oxidant to form a thin layer including a metal oxide on the substrate. The thin layer may be used for a gate insulation layer of a gate structure, a dielectric layer of a capacitor, etc.

Abstract: A dispersant having excellent adsorption to hydrophobic particles and an ink composition comprising the dispersant are provided. The dispersant is a block copolymer comprising a hydrophilic moiety and a hydrophobic moiety having a hydrophobic substituent attached to a terminal end of the hydrophobic moiety.

Abstract: An inkjet ink composition including about 100 parts by weight of a liquid vehicle (such as water), about 1 to about 35 parts by weight of a colorant including first and second dyes, and about 0.1 to about 130 parts by weight of an organic solvent, and a weight of the first dye soluble in 100 parts by weight of water under standard state conditions is more than 1.5 times an initial weight of the first dye contained in 100 parts by weight of the inkjet ink composition and a weight of the second dye soluble in 100 parts by weight of water under the standard state conditions is less than 1.5 times an initial weight of the second dye contained in 100 parts by weight of the inkjet ink composition; and a multi-color inkjet ink set including the inkjet ink composition.

Abstract: Provided is a method of controlling memory access. In a system including a first layer element executed in a privileged mode having a first priority of permission to access the entire region of a memory and second and third layer elements executed in an unprivileged mode having a second priority of permission to access a partial region of the memory, the method of controlling memory access determines whether the memory is accessible for each page that is an address space unit, based on which mode a layer element currently accessing the memory is executed in between the privileged mode and the unprivileged mode; and determines whether the memory is accessible based on which one of the first, second and third layer elements corresponds to a domain currently being attempted to be accessed from among a plurality of domains of the memory.

Abstract: Provided are a method and a system for processing an access to a disk block. The system receives a disk block access request from an OS domain, determines whether the OS domain is permitted to access a disk block with reference to a predetermined block table and processes disk block access of the OS domain according to the determination result. Accordingly, OS domains can share caches without having data copy through memory access control in a virtual machine monitor environment. Furthermore, a device domain controls access to a disk drive so that data corruption can be prevented.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of forming a metal oxide layer that include providing an organometallic compound and an oxidizing agent to the substrate to form the metal oxide layer on the substrate. The organometallic compound may have the general formula of M(NR1R2)3R3, wherein M is a metal; R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen or alkyl; and R3 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl.

Abstract: An ink composition is provided including an amide compound represented by formula I, a coloring agent and a solvent. The amide compound and the polyhydric alcohol in the ink composition decrease the mobility of coloring agents and increase the adhesion to media, thereby minimizing the bleeding between colors of printed images, and improving the water fastness and dry and wet rub fastness to provide good color fastness on papers. The ink composition also improves the quality of the printed image, and also has good long-term storage stability. Thus, the ink composition can be widely used as ink-jet inks for ink-jet printers, printing inks, paints, textile printing, paper manufacturing, cosmetics manufacturing, ceramic industry, etc.

Abstract: A bipyridine-based metal complex includes a complex of bipyridine-based ligands and metals, and is utilized in an ink composition. The bipyridine-based metal complex may be used alone, as well as in combination with other coloring agents.