Abstract: An ink composition including a colorant, a first surfactant including at least one of an ionic surfactant and a zwitter ionic surfactant, in an amount that is less than 150 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the colorant, a second surfactant including a nonionic surfactant, in an amount that is less 20 times the amount of the first surfactant, and water; an ink cartridge including the same; and an inkjet recording apparatus including the ink cartridge. The ink composition can maintain a uniform and stable ink flow in an ink path of a print head of the cartridge by securing an optimum dynamic surface tension and minimizing generation of foam. Additionally, the ink composition can also provide uniform printing quality in continued printing and provide stability of long period of use and storage by preventing formation of missing dots due to prevention of the ink flow or occlusion of a nozzle by foam generated during the ink flow.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion of a pigment having improved freeze-thaw stability. The aqueous dispersion includes an amino alcohol compound to increase dispersing action of a dispersant or dispersion stability of a self-dispersible pigment, thereby maintaining stable dispersion state after freezing and thawing from low temperature storage.

Abstract: An ink composition having a high optical density, can implement a clear color image and improve the durability of printed images, such as waterproofness, lighffastness, gasfastness, environmental resistance, etc., having excellent storage stability, and does not cause clogging of nozzles of a cartridge of an inkjet printer even after being stored for a long-term. An inkjet printer cartridge including the ink composition, and an inkjet recording apparatus including the cartridge.

Abstract: An ink set includes at least two color inks having different colors, in which each color ink includes colorants, surfactants, organic solvents, and water, and a difference between dynamic surface tensions of the at least two color inks is 20 dyne/cm or less at 10 ms and 1000 ms. An ink jet printer cartridge can include the ink set, and an ink jet printing apparatus can include the ink jet printer cartridge. When a full color image is printed on a recording medium using an ink set having inks with similar dynamic surface tensions, a drying time is shortened, and a clear image without color boundary bleeding can be realized with reproducibility.

Abstract: A lightfast additive and an ink composition including the same include a benzophenone moiety for lightfastness and a moiety for wettability and the ability to stabilize a colorant, wherein the two moieties are covalently bonded. The lightfast additive may exhibit effective ultraviolet (UV) light absorption capacity, effective wettability, and an ability to stabilize a colorant. The ink composition utilizing the light fast additive thus has an improved lightfastness and long-term storage stability.

Abstract: A lightfast colorant and a lightfast ink composition include a lightfast colorant that is derived by covalently binding a benzophenone derivative and a conventional colorant and that imparts effective lightfastness and long-term storage stability to an ink composition that is prepared with the same.

Abstract: A water-soluble, antimicrobial active polymer and an ink composition are prepared by coupling an antimicrobial active compound to a branch of polyvinylalcohol. An excellent antimicrobial effect is provided without affecting the properties of the ink composition that includes the polymer. The polymer is added to the ink composition in an amount of 1 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the ink composition. The ink composition provides extended storage stability due to no coagulation, effective antimicrobial effect even in a printed picture, and no irritation to human skin.

Abstract: A data input/output control method and apparatus in an input/output subsystem are provided. The data input/output control method, in a system for inputting/outputting data to/from a disk sector according to an input/output command provided from a disk driver, includes: extracting the input/output commands for inputting/outputting the data to/from disk sector from the disk driver and generating a set of input/output commands; analyzing the load feature of the input/output command based on the set of input/output commands; determining whether the load of the input/output command corresponds to a multimedia application; and controlling the data which is input/output to/from the disk to correspond to the multimedia application according to the determination result.

Abstract: An ink composition comprising a coloring agent, a surfactant, a liquid vehicle, and a co-solvent comprising a hetero atom having at least one unshared electron pair; an ink jet printing apparatus containing the ink composition, and a printing process using the ink composition.

Abstract: An ink composition includes a self-dispersible coloring agent that includes an ionic group and a non-ionic linear or cyclic ester or amide moiety on a surface of the coloring agent at a mole ratio of about 1:10 to about 10:1, an organic solvent, and water. The coloring agent has a modified surface, so that stability of the ink can be increased due to an interaction between the coloring agent and the organic solvent, the particle size of the coloring agent can be kept uniform, an adhering force with respect to a substrate is increased to minimize bleeding between colors of a printed image, waterfastness and rubfastness in dry and wet conditions are increased to obtain an excellent colorfastness, and resulting in a high quality printed image and an excellent storage stability.

Abstract: A polymeric dispersant having an affinity with a supercritical fluid is provided, in which a substituent having an affinity with a supercritical fluid is attached to the terminal end of a block copolymer. The polymeric dispersant can disperse a dispersoid to particulate size by lowering surface tension between the dispersoid and the supercritical fluid to promote diffusion of the supercritical fluid into the dispersoid.

Abstract: A light resistant colorant is obtained by coupling a dye or a pigment with a light resistant material. A light resistant colorant-containing composition has no additional light stabilizer. Therefore, side effects caused by the addition of a light stabilizer, such as precipitate generation, may be prevented. Furthermore, substrates to which the composition is applied preserve excellent light resistance for a long term.

Abstract: An ink composition including a colorant, a solvent, and a surface property treatment agent represented by the following formula (1): where each of Y1, Y2, and Y3 is independently —N(R3)- or —O—. R3 is H, a C1-C20 alkyl group, or a C6-C20 aryl group, each of R1 and R2 is independently a chemical bond, a C1-C10 alkylene group, a C2-C10 alkenylene group, a C2-C10 alkynylene group, or a C1-C20 alkyl group including a C2-C10 alkenylene group or a C2-C10 alkynylene group, 1?a?7, and b, c?0 are integers, each of A and B is a hydrophobic moiety or are connected to each other to form a ring, A and B cannot simultaneously be H, and B can be a hetero atom. The ink composition can reduce smearing by increasing the rate of penetration into paper and may increase a duration of storage stability, while using little or no surfactant.

Abstract: A method for forming a pattern of an organic insulating film by forming an electrode on a substrate, coating an imprintable composition thereon to form an organic insulating film, pressurizing and curing the organic insulating film using a patterned mold to transfer a pattern of the mold to the organic insulating film, and etching a portion of the organic insulating film remaining on the electrode. Since a pattern of an organic insulating film can be formed by simple molding without the use of a photoresist, the overall procedure is simplified and eventually an organic thin film transistor with high charge carrier mobility can be fabricated by all wet processes.

Abstract: A self-dispersing colorant containing a triazine moiety and an ink composition including the same are disclosed. The ink composition has excellent storage ability. Further, images formed using the ink composition have excellent light fastness and excellent water resistance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an antibacterial colorant and a composition that includes the antibacterial colorant. The antibacterial colorant has at least one functional group and at least one antibacterial moiety bound thereto by an ester bond or an amide bond.

Abstract: The invention provides novel methods and compositions for modulating gene function in plants. In particular, the invention provides methods and compositions that allow efficient induction of virus-induced gene silencing in plants. The invention is significant in that it allows high throughput analysis of gene function in plants.

Abstract: A multicolor recording medium, recording method and device using the same are disclosed. The multicolor recording medium includes a substrate having top and bottom surfaces and a photosensitive decoloring layer. A low-temperature thermosensitive coloring layer is disposed on the top surface of the substrate. A high-temperature thermosensitive coloring layer is disposed on the low-temperature thermosensitive coloring layer.

Abstract: A sewing machine comprises: a head portion having a sewing needle driven to vertically reciprocate; a lower shaft having a shuttle connected thereto which is driven to rotate synchronized with the vertical movement of the sewing needle cooperating to form stitches; a table positioned above the lower shaft; a retainer positioned above the table to retain a material for forming stitches thereon; a holding frame placed parallel to the table, the head portion being mounted at a position on the holding frame; and supporting posts adapted to support opposite ends of the holding frame for positioning the holding frame above the table. The sewing machine allows a material to be sewn, which is retained retainer, to be easily mounted or removed.

Abstract: An ink composition includes a colorant, a solvent, and an amide compound. Due to the use of the amide compound, the ink composition has effective storage stability and wetness at nozzles and has a low mobility of a colorant due to interaction between the colorant and the amide compound and a high adhesion to paper, thus minimizing bleeding between colors of printed images. In addition, the ink composition has effective color fastness, such as water fastness and dry and wet rubfastness of printed images, on paper, thus providing improved quality and durability of printed images. Further, the ink composition provides improved long-term storage stability. Thus, the ink composition may be used in various applications, such as inks for inkjet printers or printing, coatings, textile printing, making papers, cosmetics, ceramics, and the like.