Abstract: A testkey design pattern includes a least one conductive contact, at least one conductive line of a first width vertically and electrically connected to the conductive contact, and at least one pair of source and drain respectively directly connected to each side of the conductive line. The pair of source and drain and part of the conductive line of a first length directly connected to the source and drain form an electronic device. The testkey design patterns are advantageous in measuring capacitance with less error and for better gate oxide thickness extraction.

Abstract: A complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor comprises a photodiode region generating electrical charges in response to incident light thereon. The CMOS image sensor further comprises a first floating diffusion layer adapted to receive the electrical charges from the photodiode region in response to a global transfer signal and a second floating diffusion region adapted to receive the electrical charges from the first floating diffusion region in response to a pixel selection signal.

Abstract: An imaging system for generating an image of an object is provided. The imaging system comprises an X-ray source disposed in a spatial relationship to the object configured to transmit X-ray radiation through the object. The system further comprises at least one X-ray detecting media configured to convert the X-ray radiation transmitted through the object to optical signals. In addition, the system comprises an optical transmission conduit comprising a first end and a second end and an optical detector configured to convert optical signals to corresponding electrical signals. The first end of the optical transmission conduit is coupled to the X-ray detection device and the second end coupled to the optical detector.

Abstract: Methods and devices are provided for investigating an earth formation use electro-kinetics and/or electro-osmosis measurements. In one example, the method includes creating a pressure difference in the earth formation proximate to a wellbore; measuring a generated electro-kinetic property of the earth formation proximate to the wellbore, the generated electro-kinetic property generated by the pressure difference; applying an electric field to the earth formation proximate to the wellbore; measuring a generated pressure change in the earth formation proximate to the wellbore, the generated pressure change generated by the electric field; and determining wettability of the earth formation proximate to the wellbore by the use of the measurement of the generated electro-kinetic property and the measurement of the generated pressure change.

Abstract: Logging-while-drilling apparatus and methodologies for measuring streaming potential in an earth formation are provided. The apparatus and methodologies can be utilized to find information relevant to the drilling operations. In particular, since the streaming potential measurement relates directly to fluid flow, the streaming potential measurements can be used to track flow of fluids in the formation. In turn, this information may be used to find information relevant to the drilling operations, such as under-balanced drilling conditions, abnormal formation pressures, open fractures, the permeability of the formation, and formation pressure.

Abstract: A backlight assembly for an LCD device having a light guide plate that includes at least two thin layers and a plurality of optical sheets sequentially stacked over the rear surface of the liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: The invention proposes a simple method suitable for automatically locking frequency during USB data communication. Based on the soft plug/unplug concept proposed in the contents and the error handling mechanism defined in the USB specification, we can calibrate the clock frequency of the digitally controlled oscillator (DCO), through the token packets, to be within the acceptable frequency when USB device is attached to the host controller.

Abstract: A complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor comprises a photodiode region generating electrical charges in response to incident light thereon. The CMOS image sensor further comprises a first floating diffusion layer adapted to receive the electrical charges from the photodiode region in response to a global transfer signal and a second floating diffusion region adapted to receive the electrical charges from the first floating diffusion region in response to a pixel selection signal.

Abstract: An ultrasound system includes an ultrasound probe configured for sensing and transmitting ultrasound signals. The ultrasound system further includes an optical conduit configured for coupling a light source and an optical detector in an optical path. The optical conduit includes electro-optic modulators configured for modulating optical signals on the optical conduit with at least one of the electrical signals configured to generate corresponding optically modulated analog signals on the optical conduit. In one example, the electro-optic modulators comprise electro-optic polymer modulators.

Abstract: An electromagnetic coupler comprising: a coupling waveguide adapted for receiving input modes along an input axis, propagating coupling modes along a coupling axis, and transmitting output modes along an output axis, the output axis being not parallel to the coupling axis; and an output waveguide disposed adjacent the coupling waveguide and adapted for receiving the output modes.

Abstract: A frequency-locking device including a digitally-controlled oscillator (DCO) and a comparing unit is disclosed. The DCO is used for generating an output frequency signal. The comparing unit receives a Keep Alive signal from a universal serial bus (USB) and the output frequency signal, and compares the Keep Alive signal with the output frequency signal to generate a calibration signal. Then, the DCO adjusts the frequency of the output frequency signal according to the calibration signal to meet the USB specification for data communication.

Abstract: An image sensor according to an example embodiment may include a plurality of photoelectric transformation active regions, a plurality of read active regions, and/or at least one read gate. The plurality of photoelectric transformation active regions may be formed on a substrate. Each read active region may be formed adjacent to one of the plurality of photoelectric transformation active regions. Each read gate may be formed on one of the read active regions and partially overlap at least one of the adjacent photoelectric transformation active regions. Each read gate may be electrically isolated from the overlapping portion of the photoelectric transformation active region.

Abstract: A interferometer-based fouling detection system and method are described. The system may include a fiber optic cable, a light source in communication with the fiber optic cable, at least one photo detector in communication with the fiber optic cable, and at least one interferometric spectrometer. The fiber optic cable may include a long period grating and a fiber Bragg grating or it may include a facet edge. The system may instead include a fiber optic cable, a light source in communication with the fiber optic cable, at least one photo detector in communication with the fiber optic cable, a fiber coupler, a reference probe including a mirror, a sample probe, and an interferometer.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an image sensor according to example embodiments may include forming a photodiode in a photoelectric conversion region of a substrate and forming an etch stop layer on the substrate. The etch stop layer may be patterned to form an inner lens on the photoelectric conversion region and an etch stop layer pattern on a transistor region of the substrate. A metal interconnection structure may be formed on the inner lens and the etch stop layer pattern. Accordingly, the number of additional processes for fabricating an image sensor may be reduced.

Abstract: A method for determining deflection of an optical sensor having an optical cavity includes: providing an optical signal including a train of time spaced light pulses, each light pulse including a known set of wavelengths; splitting the optical signal and providing a portion of the optical signal to a reference path; detecting light pulses in the portion of the optical signal; using a remaining portion of the optical signal and interrogating the sensor; receiving a reflected optical signal from the sensor; detecting light pulses in the reflected optical signal; and analyzing the portion of the optical signal and the reflected optical signal to determine the deflection. Corresponding apparatus and computer program products are provided.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided that includes a substrate having a top surface, at least one optical data transport medium coupled to the substrate, one or more lens devices coupled to the substrate, and one or more reflective devices coupled to the substrate. The one or more lens devices and the one or more reflective devices are at least partially passively aligned with the at least one optical transport medium by use of one or more pins.

Abstract: Logging-while-drilling apparatus and methodologies for measuring streaming potential in an earth formation are provided. The apparatus and methodologies can be utilized to find information relevant to the drilling operations. In particular, since the streaming potential measurement relates directly to fluid flow, the streaming potential measurements can be used to track flow of fluids in the formation. In turn, this information may be used to find information relevant to the drilling operations, such as under-balanced drilling conditions, abnormal formation pressures, open fractures, the permeability of the formation, and formation pressure.

Abstract: Disclosed are a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor and a method of forming the same. The CMOS image sensor comprises a semiconductor substrate having a photodiode region and a transistor region. An optical path is formed between a micro lens on the photodiode region and a photodiode formed on the semiconductor substrate. The optical path comprises an inner lens formed between an intermetal insulation layer on the photodiode region and a transparent optical region formed on the inner lens. The transparent optical region generally has a different refractive index from the inner lens.

Abstract: A remote diagnostics kit is provided to permit an in-flight entertainment system of an aircraft to be diagnosed remotely by an operator who is not on-site with the aircraft. The kit includes a remote computer, such as a laptop, that is connected to the IFE or a unit to be diagnosed. A technician operating a base computer accesses the remote computer over an appropriate communications network or series of networks. For example, in an embodiment, the remote computer includes a wireless modem, such as a cellular telephone modem, which the base computer accesses over the Internet. The base computer and remote computer are equipped with appropriate software to permit communication between the base and remote computers. Accordingly, through the base computer, the technician can command operation of a diagnostics program running at the remote computer, and output from the diagnostics program is transmitted to the base computer for display.

Abstract: A power harvesting module comprises at least one electromagnetic (EM) radiation intensity modulator configured to receive a first EM radiation from at least one source and at least one energy converter configured to at least partially convert the energy of the first EM radiation during modulation into electrical energy.