Abstract: A method of forming a waveguide including a core region, a cladding region, and an index contrast region situated therebetween includes depositing a polymerizable composite on a substrate to form a layer, patterning the layer to define an exposed area and an unexposed area of the layer, irradiating the exposed area of the layer, and volatilizing the uncured monomer to form the waveguide, wherein the polymerizable composite includes a polymer binder and sufficient quantities of an uncured monomer to diffuse into the exposed area of the layer and form the index contrast region. The resulting waveguide includes an index contrast region which has a lower index of refraction than that of the core and cladding regions.

Abstract: A method of reworking an integrated circuit device is described. A substrate having a dielectric layer, a barrier layer, a conductive layer and an anti-reflective layer formed thereon, is provided. The method of reworking the barrier layer, the conductive layer and the anti-reflective layer comprises removing the anti-reflection layer by performing a dry etching process, removing the conductive layer by performing a wet etching process, and then removing the barrier layer by performing a chemical machine polishing process.

Abstract: A method of forming a waveguide including a core region, a cladding region, and an index contrast region situated therebetween includes depositing a polymerizable composite on a substrate to form a layer, patterning the layer to define an exposed area and an unexposed area of the layer, irradiating the exposed area of the layer, and volatilizing the uncured monomer to form the waveguide, wherein the polymerizable composite includes a polymer binder and sufficient quantities of an uncured monomer to diffuse into the exposed area of the layer and form the index contrast region. The resulting waveguide includes an index contrast region which has a lower index of refraction than that of the core and cladding regions.

Abstract: A method for optical coupling comprises: providing a holographic recording media fixed relative to at least two optical elements; creating a hologram by transmitting light from each of the optical elements to the recording media; and transmitting light from a sending element of the optical elements through the recording media to a receiving element of the optical elements. Other variations include a system comprising at least two optical elements situated on one side of the recording media and an optical detector situated on an opposite side for detecting light transmitted through the opposite side; and a system comprising at least three optical elements situated on one side of the recording media, a beam splitter, and optical pump/control beams configured for transmitting an optical pump/control beam to the beam splitter and the opposite side so as to control transmission of an optical signal.

Abstract: An electromagnetic coupler comprising: a coupling waveguide adapted for receiving input modes along an input axis, propagating coupling modes along a coupling axis, and transmitting output modes along an output axis, the output axis being not parallel to the coupling axis; and an output waveguide disposed adjacent the coupling waveguide and adapted for receiving the output modes.

Abstract: A police-emergency system of wireless communication which is to generate a signal by a control circuit of the magnetic card and transmits the signal onto the host server through the wireless communication module of said magnetic card, after the host server receives the signal coming from the magnetic card, it judges if the signal is in conformity with the data in the database by the microprocessor such that the signal will be transmitted onto the police-emergency system of police-citizen connection to notice the policemen arrive on the scene where crime happened.

Abstract: A mesh-shaped gate electrode is located over a surface of a substrate. The mesh-shaped gate electrode includes a plurality of first elongate wirings extending parallel to one another, and a plurality of second elongate wirings extending parallel to one another. The first elongate wirings intersect the second elongate wirings to define an array of gate intersection regions over the surface of the substrate and to further define an array of source/drain regions of the substrate. To reduce gate capacitance, at least one oxide region may be located in the substrate below the mesh-shaped gate electrode. For example, an array of oxide regions may be respectively located below the array of gate intersection regions.

Abstract: The UV resin used in the present invention is spread on the surface of a mother mold with lines. Illuminate UV light to harden the UV resin after it penetrated the lines completely. Thereby, to the depth and the shape of the lines of a pattern with deep lines, a complete duplication can be obtained in order to solve the deficiency of mother plate manufacturing technique at present. A seam between two mother plates is more smooth and has less influence on the lines structures at two sides thereof when a plurality of mother plate units are assembled to a big mother plate. The present invention provides an easy and novel plates assembly technique that gives consideration to both the lines in succeeding electroplating and impression procedures and required flatness for seams. Thereby, a seam between two mother plates is more smooth and has less influence on the lines structures at two sides thereof when a plurality of mother plate units are assembled to a big mother plate.

Abstract: An earphone with control device of timing call setting, mainly comprises a earphone device with a plug body end and speaker end, a control circuit device that is disposed between the plug body end and speaker end of the earphone phone, as well as an external setting device. Control circuit comprises a timing setting circuit, time pulse circuit, sound generation circuit, sounds switch circuit and sound recording and broadcasting system. And, a timing setting can be done to the timing setting circuit through external setting device, when a set time is reached, the time pulse circuit outputs a time pulse to timing setting circuit, the sound generation circuit then emit an alarm sound to the sounds switch circuit, and the sounds switch circuit shuts off temporally the sound comes from the earphone device, and switches the alarm sound generated from the sound generation circuit to a speaker end of the earphone so as to reach the purpose of timing call.

Abstract: A technique for implementing a tunable micro-ring filter is disclosed. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a tunable filter for optical communication systems comprises a first waveguide forming a pattern with a second waveguide; a resonator coupled to the first waveguide and the second waveguide wherein the resonator comprises a nonlinear optical material; an electrode structure sandwiching the first waveguide, the second waveguide and the resonator; the electrode structure adapted for receiving a tuning signal and tuning an effective index of the resonator in response to the tuning signal; and a substrate supporting the first waveguide, the second waveguide, the resonator and the electrode structure.

Abstract: A method and system for increasing the coupling efficiency of optical interconnections between optical elements such as optical fibers, waveguides, and vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL) in single mode or multimode.

Abstract: An optical device structure comprising a substrate and at least one topological feature. The topological feature comprises a polymeric composite material formed from a polymerizable binder and an uncured monomer. The topological feature has a controlled topological profile and a controlled refractive index across the topological feature. The optical device structure may be a multimode waveguide device, a single mode waveguide device, an optical data storage device, thermo-optic switches, or microelectronic mechanical system.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to a method of processing an optical fiber to match the optical field coming out of the fiber to that accepted into the optical waveguide to reduce the optical losses due to the optical mode mismatch of the interconnection. In one embodiment, a method of tapering an end of an optical fiber comprises providing a flow of etch vapor from an etch solution generally in an etch vapor flow direction, a concentration of the etch vapor decreasing with distance in the etch vapor flow direction; providing an optical fiber have an end portion with a tip, the end portion of the optical fiber including a core and a clad; and subjecting the end portion of the optical fiber to the flow of etch vapor from the etch solution to etch the end portion and form a taper at the end portion. The end portion is disposed generally along the etch vapor flow direction and the tip of the end portion points generally in a direction opposite from the etch vapor flow direction.

Abstract: A method for adaptively fabricating a waveguide comprises: measuring misplacement of a photonic device relative to a substrate; generating computer readable instructions for using a plurality of graphics primitives to form the waveguide; and photocomposing the waveguide on the substrate in accordance with the computer readable instructions. A reticle comprises a plurality of graphics primitives with at least one of the plurality of graphics primitives comprising a tapered end. A waveguide comprises a plurality of waveguide segments with each of the plurality of waveguide segments comprising a tapered end and being adjacent to at least one other of the plurality of waveguide segments.

Abstract: A method of delineating titles within a grayscale image, in which a grayscale image is received, e.g., by scanning a document, and then is subjected to multi-level thresholding to obtain a plurality of binary images representing the original grayscale image. Each of the binary images is preferably pre-processed to filter any noise components from each of the binary images, and then all connected components within each of said binary images are identified, optionally filtered, and then clustered to identify possible title regions within each of the binary images. Next, each binary image is preferably post-processed to merge possible title regions comprising strokes and to remove non-title regions from the previously identified possible title regions in each of the images by comparing characteristics of the previously identified possible title regions to pre-determined criteria.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for updating software configurations of line-replaceable unit (LRU) computers in a restricted architecture network such as an in-flight entertainment system (IFES). Operating in an efficient and parallel manner, each of the LRUs independently creates an individual configuration file that identifies current software components. Each of the LRUs transmits its respective configuration file to a configuration server either automatically upon startup or manually upon request. The configuration server updates a system configuration data file with the current configuration files received from the individual LRUs. In a downloading method, a download server sends a list of desired software components to the LRUs. Each of the LRUs independently and simultaneously transfer (download) the needed software from the download server. The LRU independently requests the download server to download the needed software components.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor memory device is disclosed. A spacer of a material having a high etching selection ratio with respect to an interdielectric layer is formed on a sidewall of a gate electrode. A refractory metal silicide layer is formed on an upper surface of the gate electrode and on an upper surface of a substrate on which source and drain regions are formed, thereby providing a contact hole self-aligned between the gate electrodes. Also, an ion implantation process is performed on the entire active region after the contact hole is filled with metal such as tungsten, and an impurity region is formed only on a lower portion of the gate electrode.

Abstract: An earphone with control device of timing call setting, mainly comprises a earphone device with a plug body end and speaker end, a control circuit device that is disposed between the plug body end and speaker end of the earphone phone, as well as an external setting device. Control circuit comprises a timing setting circuit, time pulse circuit, sound generation circuit, sounds switch circuit and sound recording and broadcasting system. And, a timing setting can be done to the timing setting circuit through external setting device, when a set time is reached, the time pulse circuit outputs a time pulse to timing setting circuit, the sound generation circuit then emit an alarm sound to the sounds switch circuit, and the sounds switch circuit shuts off temporally the sound comes from the earphone device, and switches the alarm sound generated from the sound generation circuit to a speaker end of the earphone so as to reach the purpose of timing call.

Abstract: An electrostatic precipitator includes an upright hollow body having a lower smoke inlet and an upper smoke outlet, with a pair of spaced horizontal partitions formed in the hollow body between the inlet and outlet. A set of parallel ducts extends vertically between the partitions, and a pair of distributor frames is arranged in the hollow body, with one of the distributor frames disposed over the ducts and the other of the distributor frames disposed under the ducts. Between the distributor frames is stretched a plurality of wires that extend through respective ducts. Furthermore, each of the distributor frames is formed with a plurality of terminals to be electrically connected to one electrode of a DC high-voltage power supply, but the ducts are adapted to be electrically connected to the other electrode of the DC high-voltage power supply.

Abstract: A system that is usable with a subterranean well that has a casing includes an apparatus that is associated with production of fluid from the well and is located downhole in the well in a passageway of the casing. The system also includes a sensor that is located downhole near the apparatus in the passageway and is adapted to measure a characteristic of the formation fluids and rock located outside of the casing.