Abstract: Disclosed are a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor and a method of forming the same. The CMOS image sensor comprises a semiconductor substrate having a photodiode region and a transistor region. An optical path is formed between a micro lens on the photodiode region and a photodiode formed on the semiconductor substrate. The optical path comprises an inner lens formed between an intermetal insulation layer on the photodiode region and a transparent optical region formed on the inner lens. The transparent optical region generally has a different refractive index from the inner lens.

Abstract: Logging-while-drilling apparatus and methodologies for measuring streaming potential in an earth formation are provided. The apparatus and methodologies can be utilized to find information relevant to the drilling operations. In particular, since the streaming potential measurement relates directly to fluid flow, the streaming potential measurements can be used to track flow of fluids in the formation. In turn, this information may be used to find information relevant to the drilling operations, such as under-balanced drilling conditions, abnormal formation pressures, open fractures, the permeability of the formation, and formation pressure.

Abstract: A system and method for optical transmission of ultrasound data signals from a probe to an image processing system is provided. By using a silicon-based optical modulator to encode ultrasound data signals onto an optical signal, an optical transmission link between the ultrasound probe and the image processing system can achieve a high signal to noise ratio with a lower power input.

Abstract: Earth formations are characterized by using an array of electrodes which can measure streaming potentials in the formation, and by interpreting the data obtained by the electrodes. The electrodes are placed on a wireline tool, a LWD tool, or in a fixed manner about a completed wellbore. The measured streaming potentials are generated by drilling with an overbearing pressure, slitting the mudcake in a borehole, acid injection, or any of various other manners which causes fluid movement. The data obtained is interpreted to locate fractures, measure formation permeability, estimate formation pressure, monitor drilling fluid loss, detect abnormal pressure, etc. Particularly, a streaming potential voltage transient having a double peak profile signifies the presence of a formation fracture.

Abstract: Earth formations are characterized by using an array of electrodes which can measure streaming potentials in the formation, and by interpreting the data obtained by the electrodes. The electrodes are placed on a wireline tool, a LWD tool, or in a fixed manner about a completed wellbore. The measured streaming potentials are generated by drilling with an overbearing pressure, slitting the mudcake in a borehole, acid injection, or any of various other manners which causes fluid movement. The data obtained is interpreted to locate fractures, measure formation permeability, estimate formation pressure, monitor drilling fluid loss, detect abnormal pressure, etc. Particularly, a streaming potential voltage transient having a double peak profile signifies the presence of a formation fracture.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to an image sensor and a fabrication method thereof. An image sensor may include a semiconductor substrate. A charge transfer structure may be formed on the semiconductor substrate. The charge transfer structure may include a gate insulating film that may be formed on a channel region in the semiconductor substrate between a photoelectric conversion region and charge detection region, and a transfer gate electrode that may be formed on the gate insulating film that may have a region doped with a first conductivity type impurity-doped region and a second conductivity type impurity-doped region which may be adjacent to each other.

Abstract: Logging-while-drilling apparatus and methodologies for measuring streaming potential in an earth formation are provided. The apparatus and methodologies can be utilized to find information relevant to the drilling operations. In particular, since the streaming potential measurement relates directly to fluid flow, the streaming potential measurements can be used to track flow of fluids in the formation. In turn, this information may be used to find information relevant to the drilling operations, such as under-balanced drilling conditions, abnormal formation pressures, open fractures, the permeability of the formation, and formation pressure.

Abstract: A light-guide plate includes a body for guiding incident light, and at least an inserting portion penetrating a portion of the body, wherein at least a light source for providing the light-guide plate with the light is inserted into the inserting portion. The inserting portion can be formed at an end portion of the body. A side surface of the body can be recessed to form the inserting portion. A light-diffusing pattern can be formed at a side surface of the inserting portion, and the side surface of the inserting portion is substantially parallel with the side surface of the body.

Abstract: Methods of forming a dielectric layer of a MIM capacitor can include forming a passivation layer on a dielectric layer of a MIM capacitor to separate the dielectric layer from direct contact with an overlying photo-resist pattern. Related capacitor structures are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for determining analyte concentration levels is provided. The method includes acquiring radiation scattered off or transmitted by a target, analyzing at least a first portion of the radiation via a first technique to generate a first measurement of analyte concentration levels, and analyzing at least a second portion of the radiation via a second technique to generate a second measurement of analyte concentration levels. The method further determines analyte concentration levels based on at least one of the first measurement or the second measurement. In addition, a system for implementing the method and a probe for measuring and monitoring the analyte concentration levels is provided.

Abstract: A method for adaptively fabricating a waveguide comprises: measuring misplacement of a photonic device relative to a substrate; generating computer readable instructions for using a plurality of graphics primitives to form the waveguide; and photocomposing the waveguide on the substrate in accordance with the computer readable instructions. A reticle comprises a plurality of graphics primitives with at least one of the plurality of graphics primitives comprising a tapered end. A waveguide comprises a plurality of waveguide segments with each of the plurality of waveguide segments comprising a tapered end and being adjacent to at least one other of the plurality of waveguide segments.

Abstract: A method for optical coupling comprises: includes providing a holographic recording media fixed relative to at least two optical elements; creating a hologram by transmitting light from each of the optical elements to the recording media; and transmitting light from a sending element of the optical elements through the recording media to a receiving element of the optical elements. Other variations include a system comprising at least two optical elements situated on one side of the recording media and an optical detector situated on an opposite side for detecting light transmitted through the opposite side; and a system comprising at least three optical elements situated on one side of the recording media, a beam splitter, and optical pump/control beams configured for transmitting an optical pump/control beam to the beam splitter and the opposite side so as to control transmission of an optical signal.

Abstract: A mesh-shaped gate electrode is located over a surface of a substrate. The mesh-shaped gate electrode includes a plurality of first elongate wirings extending parallel to one another, and a plurality of second elongate wirings extending parallel to one another. The first elongate wirings intersect the second elongate wirings to define an array of gate intersection regions over the surface of the substrate and to further define an array of source/drain regions of the substrate. To reduce gate capacitance, at least one oxide region may be located in the substrate below the mesh-shaped gate electrode. For example, an array of oxide regions may be respectively located below the array of gate intersection regions.

Abstract: A power harvesting module comprises at least one electromagnetic (EM) radiation intensity modulator configured to receive a first EM radiation from at least one source and at least one energy converter configured to at least partially convert the energy of the first EM radiation during modulation into electrical energy.

Abstract: Logging-while-drilling apparatus and methodologies for measuring streaming potential in an earth formation are provided. The apparatus and methodologies can be utilized to find information relevant to the drilling operations. In particular, since the streaming potential measurement relates directly to fluid flow, the streaming potential measurements can be used to track flow of fluids in the formation. In turn, this information may be used to find information relevant to the drilling operations, such as under-balanced drilling conditions, abnormal formation pressures, open fractures, the permeability of the formation, and formation pressure.

Abstract: A complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor comprises a photodiode region generating electrical charges in response to incident light thereon. The CMOS image sensor further comprises a first floating diffusion layer adapted to receive the electrical charges from the photodiode region in response to a global transfer signal and a second floating diffusion region adapted to receive the electrical charges from the first floating diffusion region in response to a pixel selection signal.

Abstract: A method and system for increasing the coupling efficiency of optical interconnections between optical elements such as optical fibers, waveguides, and vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL) in single mode or multimode.

Abstract: Logging-while-drilling apparatus and methodologies for measuring streaming potential in an earth formation are provided. The apparatus and methodologies can be utilized to find information relevant to the drilling operations. In particular, since the streaming potential measurement relates directly to fluid flow, the streaming potential measurements can be used to track flow of fluids in the formation. In turn, this information may be used to find information relevant to the drilling operations, such as under-balanced drilling conditions, abnormal formation pressures, open fractures, the permeability of the formation, and formation pressure.

Abstract: Disclosed are a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor and a method of forming the same. The CMOS image sensor comprises a semiconductor substrate having a photodiode region and a transistor region. An optical path is formed between a micro lens on the photodiode region and a photodiode formed on the semiconductor substrate. The optical path comprises an inner lens formed between an intermetal insulation layer on the photodiode region and a transparent optical region formed on the inner lens. The transparent optical region generally has a different refractive index from the inner lens.

Abstract: A reliable image sensor and a method for forming the same are provided. The image sensor includes a photo-detective device. At least one transistor is electrically connected to the photo-detective device for outputting charges stored in the photo-detective device. A transistor directly connected to the photo-detective device includes a gate electrode pattern and an ion-implantation interrupting pattern arranged on the gate electrode pattern. Since the ion-implantation interrupting pattern is located on an upper portion of the gate electrode pattern of the transistor in the vicinity of the photo-detective device, a threshold voltage of the gate electrode pattern of the transistor in the vicinity of the photo-detective device is adjusted to a desired value.