Abstract: A system for and method of diagnosing operation of a partial filtration filter exhaust aftertreatment system are provided. An upstream exhaust temperature value is determined in an exhaust system upstream of at least one of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) component and a first partial flow filter (PFF) component. A downstream exhaust temperature value is determined in the exhaust system downstream of a second PFF component positioned downstream of the at least one of the DOC component and the first PFF component. A frequency difference is determined between a first frequency content of the upstream exhaust temperature value and a second frequency content of the downstream exhaust temperature value. If the frequency is less than a predetermined threshold, it is determined that at least one of the DOC component and the PFF component are not present in the exhaust system.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display cell, a first optical structure and a second optical structure respectively disposed beneath and above the display cell. The first optical structure includes a first polarizer film, an adhesive layer, a prism structure having at least a prism sheet, and a lower diffuser layer. The adhesive layer has a first haze in a range of 60%-99%. The adhesive layer is disposed between the first polarizer film and the prism structure. The lower diffuser layer is disposed at one side of the prism structure which is farther away from the adhesive layer, and the lower diffuser layer has a second haze in a range of 60%-99%.

Abstract: Unique apparatuses, methods, and systems including engine-out emissions controls are disclosed. One embodiment is a system including an internal combustion engine system including at least one fueling actuator and at least one air handling actuator and an electronic controller.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for calibration and control of various engine subsystems using a target value approach. Under the target value approach, the control of each engine subsystem is separated or decoupled to include a set of target values, or a reference value set. A subsystem has a corresponding target determiner, which provides a target value set, or reference value set, in response to a basis variable set and optionally an overall subsystem target. The basis variable set includes parameters selected to robustly characterize the variables that affect the operation of the particular subsystem. The target determiner is optionally calibrated to provide a reference value set within specifications of the subsystem. A physical subsystem controller operates in response to the reference value set.

Abstract: A system for control of an internal combustion system having subsystems, each with different response times. Subsystems may include a fuel system, an air handling system, and an aftertreatment system, each being operated in response to a set of reference values generated by a respective target determiner. Calibration of each subsystem may be performed independently. The fuel system is controlled at a first time constant. The air handling system is controlled on the order of a second time constant slower than the first time constant. The aftertreatment system is controlled on the order of a third time constant slower than the second time constant. A subsystem manager is optionally in operative communication with each target determiner to coordinate control. Generally, dynamic parameters from slower subsystems are treated as static parameters when determining reference values for controlling a faster subsystem.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for calibration and control of various engine subsystems using a target value approach. Under the target value approach, the control of each engine subsystem is separated or decoupled to include a set of target values, or a reference value set. A subsystem has a corresponding target determiner, which provides a target value set, or reference value set, in response to a basis variable set and optionally an overall subsystem target. The basis variable set includes parameters selected to robustly characterize the variables that affect the operation of the particular subsystem. The target determiner is optionally calibrated to provide a reference value set within specifications of the subsystem. A physical subsystem controller operates in response to the reference value set.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for calibration and control of various engine subsystems using a target value approach. Under the target value approach, the control of each engine subsystem is separated or decoupled to include a set of target values, or a reference value set. A subsystem has a corresponding target determiner, which provides a target value set, or reference value set, in response to a basis variable set and optionally an overall subsystem target. The basis variable set includes parameters selected to robustly characterize the variables that affect the operation of the particular subsystem. The target determiner is optionally calibrated to provide a reference value set within specifications of the subsystem. A physical subsystem controller operates in response to the reference value set.

Abstract: A system for control of an internal combustion system having subsystems, each with different response times. Subsystems may include a fuel system, an air handling system, and an aftertreatment system, each being operated in response to a set of reference values generated by a respective target determiner. Calibration of each subsystem may be performed independently. The fuel system is controlled at a first time constant. The air handling system is controlled on the order of a second time constant slower than the first time constant. The aftertreatment system is controlled on the order of a third time constant slower than the second time constant. A subsystem manager is optionally in operative communication with each target determiner to coordinate control. Generally, dynamic parameters from slower subsystems are treated as static parameters when determining reference values for controlling a faster subsystem.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel and a backlight module. The backlight module is disposed corresponding to the display panel and includes a light guiding unit and a light-emitting unit. The light guiding unit has a light input surface, and the light-emitting unit is disposed adjacent to the light input surface along a first direction. The light-emitting unit has a plurality of first light-emitting units, a plurality of second light-emitting units and a substrate. The first light-emitting units and the second light-emitting units are disposed on the substrate along the first direction and emit light into the light guiding unit through the light input surface. An FWHM (full width at half maximum) angle of an illumination of at least one of the first light-emitting units is different from an FWHM angle of an illumination of at least one of the second light-emitting units.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor structure includes depositing a silicon layer over a substrate, removing a portion of the silicon layer to form a gate stack, and performing a hydrogen treatment on the gate stack to repair a plurality of voids in the stack structure.

Abstract: Control of a spark ignited internal combustion in response to an exhaust manifold pressure measurement of an engine is disclosed. An engine out NOx amount for at least one cylinder is determined at least in part in response to the exhaust manifold pressure measurement and a brake mean effective pressure of the at least one cylinder. An operating condition of the engine is adjusted in response to the engine out NOx amount.

Abstract: A display device includes a first light-emitting unit, a first driving unit, a second driving unit, a first circuit balance unit, and a second circuit balance unit. The first light-emitting unit includes a first lighting region and a second lighting region. The first driving unit is electrically connected to the first lighting region, and the second driving unit is electrically connected to the second lighting region. The first current balance unit is electrically connected to the first lighting region, and the second current balance unit is electrically connected to the second lighting region.

Abstract: The invention provides a backlight unit used in a display device. The backlight unit includes a light source which is driven by a pulse wave having a predetermined duty cycle. The light source emits light including a first color light and a second color light. The frequency of the pulse wave is at least 360 Hz.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an engine module, an in-cylinder content module, and an engine out NOx module. The engine module is structured to interpret engine in-cylinder data regarding an operating condition within a cylinder of an engine, wherein the engine in-cylinder data includes an engine torque, an engine speed, a rail pressure, and a start-of-injection. The in-cylinder content module is structured to interpret at least one additional in-cylinder data point regarding the operating condition within the cylinder of the engine. The engine out NOx module is structured to determine an engine out NOx amount responsive to the engine in-cylinder data and the at least one additional in-cylinder data point.

Abstract: A selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst is disposed in an exhaust gas system of an internal combustion engine. A reductant injector is coupled to the exhaust gas stream at a position upstream of the SCR catalyst, and first and second NOx sensors provide NOx measurements upstream of and downstream of the SCR catalyst, respectively. A system and method is disclosed for operating the system to determine a NOx amount and/or a NH3 slip amount downstream of the SCR catalyst by decoupling NOx-NH3 measurements from the output of the second NOx sensor to provide control of the reductant injection amount.

Abstract: Presented herein is a device including an insulator layer disposed over a substrate. An adhesion layer is disposed over the insulator layer and includes a semiconductor oxide, the semiconductor oxide includes a compound of a semiconductor element and oxygen. A semiconductor film layer is over the adhesion layer, the semiconductor film layer being a material that includes the semiconductor element, the semiconductor film layer having a different composition than the adhesion layer. Bonds at an interface between the insulator layer and the adhesion layer comprise oxygen-hydrogen bonds and oxygen-semiconductor element bonds. An interface between a dummy gate and a gate dielectric layer of a gate-last transistor structure may be similarly formed.

Abstract: Presented herein is a device including an insulator layer disposed over a substrate. An adhesion layer is disposed over the insulator layer and includes a semiconductor oxide, the semiconductor oxide including a compound of a semiconductor element and oxygen. A semiconductor film layer is over the adhesion layer, the semiconductor film layer being a material including the semiconductor element, the semiconductor film layer having a different composition than the adhesion layer. Bonds at an interface between the insulator layer and the adhesion layer comprise oxygen-hydrogen bonds and oxygen-semiconductor element bonds.

Abstract: Methods for adapting system variation for an engine system having an after-treatment system. Measured characteristics of the after-treatment system may be used to predict a model value(s) that is compared to a measured value(s) of the after-treatment system to provide a comparison value. Information relating to high frequency uncertainties in characteristics of the after-treatment system are removed from the comparison value to provide an estimated system variation value. The estimated system variation value may then be used to adapt a system command of a controller. Further, information relating to high frequency uncertainties in characteristics of the after-treatment system may be used by a feed-back controller to determine high frequency adaptation values that may also be used to adjust the system command. The inclusion of the estimated system variation may eliminate reliance on the feed-back controller to provide system adjustments for both high and low frequency uncertainties.

Abstract: Unique apparatuses, methods, and systems including engine-out emissions controls are disclosed. One embodiment is a system including an internal combustion engine system including at least one fueling actuator and at least one air handling actuator and an electronic controller.

Abstract: According to various embodiments of the invention, gamma curves for multiple pixel groups can be calibrated using look-up tables or by using reference voltage groups provided by gamma voltage generators so that the pixels can display multiple images with correct gray levels at different view angles. Therefore, color shift can be avoided or lessened without necessarily using extra circuitry on the display panel. Also, any related light transmittance or light utilization efficiency reduction may be decreased or eliminated.