Abstract: Presented herein is a device including an insulator layer disposed over a substrate. An adhesion layer is disposed over the insulator layer and includes a semiconductor oxide, the semiconductor oxide including a compound of a semiconductor element and oxygen. A semiconductor film layer is over the adhesion layer, the semiconductor film layer being a material including the semiconductor element, the semiconductor film layer having a different composition than the adhesion layer. Bonds at an interface between the insulator layer and the adhesion layer comprise oxygen-hydrogen bonds and oxygen-semiconductor element bonds.

Abstract: A system for and method of diagnosing operation of a partial filtration filter exhaust aftertreatment system are provided. An upstream exhaust temperature value is determined in an exhaust system upstream of at least one of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) component and a first partial flow filter (PFF) component. A downstream exhaust temperature value is determined in the exhaust system downstream of a second PFF component positioned downstream of the at least one of the DOC component and the first PFF component. A frequency difference is determined between a first frequency content of the upstream exhaust temperature value and a second frequency content of the downstream exhaust temperature value. If the frequency is less than a predetermined threshold, it is determined that at least one of the DOC component and the PFF component are not present in the exhaust system.

Abstract: A display apparatus and a backlight driving method of the same are provided. The display apparatus includes a backlight module and a display panel. The backlight module includes at least one LED unit having a red phosphor. The backlight module turns on the LED unit at least twice within a frame period, and maintains the ON-state of the LED unit for a first ON-state interval and a second ON-state interval. The second ON-state interval is shorter than the first ON-state interval. The display panel is disposed corresponding to the backlight module.

Abstract: A system and method for using feed-back information, such as, for example, system-out NOx levels, to provide for closed-loop selective catalytic reduction control. A reference generation module may adjust an ideal SCR conversion value based on a quantity of reductant slippage from the engine system so as to provide an adjusted ideal SCR conversion efficiency value. The adjusted ideal SCR conversion efficiency value may then be used to generate a reductant to NOx ratio that corresponds to an ideal reductant dosing command. The ideal reductant dosing command may be further adjusted to account for low frequency variations, such as, low frequency variations in the SCR system, to generate an adjusted ideal reductant dosing command. The adjusted ideal reductant dosing command may be further adjusted to reflect high frequency variations in the SCR system, before a final reductant dosing command is generated for a reductant injector.

Abstract: The invention provides a backlight unit used in a display device. The backlight unit includes a light source which is driven by a pulse wave having a predetermined duty cycle. The light source emits light including a first color light and a second color light. The frequency of the pulse wave is at least 360 Hz.

Abstract: Presented herein is a method for forming a semiconductor film using an adhesion layer, comprising providing an oxide layer disposed over a substrate, forming at least one adhesion layer over the oxide layer, and forming a film layer over the at least one adhesion layer in a same process step as the forming the at least one adhesion layer. Forming the at least one adhesion layer further comprises at least forming a first adhesion layer over the oxide layer and forming a second adhesion layer over the first adhesion layer. Forming the first adhesion layer comprises providing the terminating gas at a substantially constant first flow rate, and wherein the forming the second adhesion layer comprises ramping a flow rate of the terminating gas to a zero flow rate from the first flow rate.

Abstract: A system and method for using feed-back information, such as, for example, system-out NOx levels, to provide for closed-loop selective catalytic reduction control. A reference generation module may adjust an ideal SCR conversion value based on a quantity of reductant slippage from the engine system so as to provide an adjusted ideal SCR conversion efficiency value. The adjusted ideal SCR conversion efficiency value may then be used to generate a reductant to NOx ratio that corresponds to an ideal reductant dosing command. The ideal reductant dosing command may be further adjusted to account for low frequency variations, such as, low frequency variations in the SCR system, to generate an adjusted ideal reductant dosing command. The adjusted ideal reductant dosing command may be further adjusted to reflect high frequency variations in the SCR system, before a final reductant dosing command is generated for a reductant injector.

Abstract: Methods for adapting system variation for an engine system having an after-treatment system. Measured characteristics of the after-treatment system may be used to predict a model value(s) that is compared to a measured value(s) of the after-treatment system to provide a comparison value. Information relating to high frequency uncertainties in characteristics of the after-treatment system are removed from the comparison value to provide an estimated system variation value. The estimated system variation value may then be used to adapt a system command of a controller. Further, information relating to high frequency uncertainties in characteristics of the after-treatment system may be used by a feed-back controller to determine high frequency adaptation values that may also be used to adjust the system command. The inclusion of the estimated system variation may eliminate reliance on the feed-back controller to provide system adjustments for both high and low frequency uncertainties.

Abstract: According to various embodiments of the invention, gamma curves for multiple pixel groups can be calibrated using look-up tables or by using reference voltage groups provided by gamma voltage generators so that the pixels can display multiple images with correct gray levels at different view angles. Therefore, color shift can be avoided or lessened without necessarily using extra circuitry on the display panel. Also, any related light transmittance or light utilization efficiency reduction may be decreased or eliminated.

Abstract: A selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst is disposed in an exhaust gas system of an internal combustion engine. A reductant injector is coupled to the exhaust gas stream at a position upstream of the SCR catalyst, and first and second NOx sensors provide NOx measurements upstream of and downstream of the SCR catalyst, respectively. A system and method is disclosed for operating the system to determine a NOx amount and/or a NH3 slip amount downstream of the SCR catalyst by decoupling NOx-NH3 measurements from the output of the second NOx sensor to provide control of the reductant injection amount.

Abstract: According to various embodiments of the invention, gamma curves for multiple pixel groups can be calibrated using look-up tables or by using reference voltage groups provided by gamma voltage generators so that the pixels can display multiple images with correct gray levels at different view angles. Therefore, color shift can be avoided or lessened without necessarily using extra circuitry on the display panel. Also, any related light transmittance or light utilization efficiency reduction may be decreased or eliminated.

Abstract: According to various embodiments of the invention, gamma curves for multiple pixel groups can be calibrated using look-up tables or by using reference voltage groups provided by gamma voltage generators so that the pixels can display multiple images with correct gray levels at different view angles. Therefore, color shift can be avoided or lessened without necessarily using extra circuitry on the display panel. Also, any related light transmittance or light utilization efficiency reduction may be decreased or eliminated.

Abstract: According to various embodiments of the invention, gamma curves for multiple pixel groups can be calibrated using look-up tables or by using reference voltage groups provided by gamma voltage generators so that the pixels can display multiple images with correct gray levels at different view angles. Therefore, color shift can be avoided or lessened without necessarily using extra circuitry on the display panel. Also, any related light transmittance or light utilization efficiency reduction may be decreased or eliminated.

Abstract: Presented herein is a method for forming a semiconductor film using an adhesion layer, comprising providing an oxide layer disposed over a substrate, forming at least one adhesion layer over the oxide layer, and forming a film layer over the at least one adhesion layer in a same process step as the forming the at least one adhesion layer. Forming the at least one adhesion layer further comprises at least forming a first adhesion layer over the oxide layer and forming a second adhesion layer over the first adhesion layer. Forming the first adhesion layer comprises providing the terminating gas at a substantially constant first flow rate, and wherein the forming the second adhesion layer comprises ramping a flow rate of the terminating gas to a zero flow rate from the first flow rate.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an image-based barrier detection and warning system and a method thereof, wherein an image processing technology is used to establish ROI and verify whether a horizontal line signal exists, and wherein the image processing technology determines whether an object is a barrier via detecting contours of an object and detecting distance to the object, and wherein the system timely outputs warning signals and presents distance to a barrier when detecting the barrier. The image-based barrier detection and warning system enables the driver to watch the surroundings of the vehicle directly and clearly and learn the relative positions of barriers, whereby the driver can park more easily and safely.

Abstract: According to various embodiments of the invention, gamma curves for multiple pixel groups can be calibrated using look-up tables or by using reference voltage groups provided by gamma voltage generators so that the pixels can display multiple images with correct gray levels at different view angles. Therefore, color shift can be avoided or lessened without necessarily using extra circuitry on the display panel. Also, any related light transmittance or light utilization efficiency reduction may be decreased or eliminated.

Abstract: According to various embodiments of the invention, gamma curves for multiple pixel groups can be calibrated using look-up tables or by using reference voltage groups provided by gamma voltage generators so that the pixels can display multiple images with correct gray levels at different view angles. Therefore, color shift can be avoided or lessened without necessarily using extra circuitry on the display panel. Also, any related light transmittance or light utilization efficiency reduction may be decreased or eliminated.

Abstract: According to various embodiments of the invention, gamma curves for multiple pixel groups can be calibrated using look-up tables or by using reference voltage groups provided by gamma voltage generators so that the pixels can display multiple images with correct gray levels at different view angles. Therefore, color shift can be avoided or lessened without necessarily using extra circuitry on the display panel. Also, any related light transmittance or light utilization efficiency reduction may be decreased or eliminated.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode (LED) assembly is provided, including a package, a blue LED and a green LED disposed in the package, and a red phosphor layer at least covering the blue LED. The thickness of the red phosphor layer on the blue LED is greater than that of a phosphor layer on the green LED.

Abstract: A backlight module is provided, including a first light-emitting device and a second light-emitting device. The first light-emitting device includes a first blue light LED chip and a first phosphor layer having a first color spectrum, wherein the first color spectrum has a first color spectrum area with at least 70% thereof distributed within the range from 500 nm to 580 nm. The second light-emitting device includes a second blue light LED chip and a second phosphor layer having a second color spectrum, wherein the second color spectrum has a second color spectrum area with at least 60% thereof distributed within the range from 600 nm to 680 nm. The first color spectrum has a portion within the range from 590 nm to 780 nm, and the portion has a first area smaller than or equal to 10% of the second color spectrum area.