Abstract: Siloxane polymer compositions and methods of manufacturing a capacitor are described. In some embodiments, a mold layer pattern is formed on a substrate having a conductive structure, and the mold layer pattern has an opening to expose the conductive structure. A conductive layer is formed on the substrate. A buffer layer pattern is formed on the conductive layer formed in the opening. The buffer layer pattern includes a siloxane polymer represented by the following Chemical Formula 1. The conductive layer is selectively removed to form a lower electrode. The mold layer pattern and the buffer layer pattern are removed. A dielectric layer and an upper electrode are formed on the substrate to form a capacitor. The methods may simplify manufacturing processes for a capacitor and a semiconductor device, and may improve their efficiencies.

Abstract: A method of measuring round trip time (RTT) and a proximity checking method using the same. The method of measuring RTT includes: transmitting a hashed second random number and starting the RTT measurement; and receiving a hashed first random number from a device that received the hashed second random number and ending the RTT measurement, thereby greatly reducing repetitive encryption and decryption operations in the proximity check using a repetitive RTT measurement.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a single crystalline substrate and an active region defined in the single crystalline substrate, wherein a major axis direction of the active region is aligned with a <0,1,1> family direction.

Abstract: Methods of fabricating semiconductor integrated circuit devices are provided. A substrate is provided with gate patterns formed on first and second regions. Spaces between gate patterns on the first region are narrower than spaces between gate patterns on the second region. Source/drain trenches are formed in the substrate on opposite sides of the gate patterns on the first and second regions. A first silicon-germanium (SiGe) epitaxial layer is formed that partially fills the source/drain trenches using a first silicon source gas. A second SiGe epitaxial layer is formed directly on the first SiGe epitaxial layer to further fill the source/drain trenches using a second silicon source gas that is different from the first silicon source gas.

Abstract: A semiconductor device having a locally buried insulation layer and a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device having the same are provided, in which a gate electrode is formed on a substrate, and oxygen ions are implanted into an active region to form a locally buried insulation layer. An impurity layer is formed on the locally buried insulation layer to form a source/drain. A silicide layer is formed on the source/drain and on the gate electrode. The locally buried insulation layer can prevent junction leakage, decrease junction capacitance and prevent a critical voltage of an MOS transistor from increasing due to body bias, thereby to improve characteristics of the device.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device, a first gate electrode and a second gate electrode are formed in a first area and a second area of a substrate. Non-crystalline regions are formed in the first area of the substrate adjacent the first gate electrode. A layer having a first stress is formed on the substrate and the first and the second gate electrodes. A mask is formed on a first portion of the layer in the first area of the substrate to expose a second portion of the layer in the second area. The second portion is etched to form a sacrificial spacer on a sidewall of the second gate electrode. The second area of the substrate is partially etched using the mask, the second gate electrode and the sacrificial spacer, to form recesses in the second area of the substrate adjacent the second gate electrode. Patterns having a second stress are formed in the recesses.

Abstract: A resin solution usable for forming a protection layer, including an organic solvent and a resol resin. The resin solution may further include any combination of a cross-linking agene or agent(s), a photo active compound (PAC) or compounds(s), and/or development accelerator or accelerator(s) a method forming a cured resin layer, including applying a resin solution, including a resol resin, directly or indirectly on a substrate and hard baking the resin solution to form the cured resin layer. The resin solution may include a resol resin and/or a novolac resin.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including an active region formed on a semiconductor substrate, and a field region adjacent to the active region, which is able to increase a width of the active region through use of a field recess portion at one surface side of the field region. The field recess portion may be laterally adjacent to a portion of the active region, thereby resulting in an increase of a width of the active region. A gate insulating film and a gate electrode may be formed on the field region and the active region, the gate insulating film and the gate electrode being formed in the field recess portion. The width of the active region may be a channel width.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method of fabricating a semiconductor device is provided. The method includes forming at least one capping layer over epitaxial source/drain regions of a PMOS device, forming a stress memorization (SM) layer over the PMOS device including the at least one capping layer and over an adjacent NMOS device, and treating the SM layer formed over the NMOS and PMOS devices to induce tensile stress in a channel region of the NMOS device.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for mutually authenticating devices in a group and reproducing content using public broadcast encryption. The method of authenticating a first device and a second device includes acquiring specific information of the second device from the second device, transmitting data, containing the acquired specific information of the second device and specific information of the first device, by encrypting the data using a broadcast public key of a group to which the second device belongs, and determining whether authentication of the first device succeeds by decrypting the encrypted data by using a private key of the second device. If authentication succeeds, receiving the specific information of the first device, which is encrypted by using a temporary common key by using the decrypted data, and authenticating the second device by decrypting the encrypted specific information of the first device by using the temporary common key.

Abstract: A reproduction method capable of immediately revoking a leaked device key by dividing the device key into a first partial key and a second partial key is provided. The reproduction method includes the operations of receiving encrypted content to be reproduced, requesting a token for decrypting the received content from an external device containing a first partial key of a device via a network, receiving the requested token from the external device, and decrypting the received token by using a second partial key contained in the device, thereby preventing content encrypted and distributed before revocation of an illegally copied device from being reproduced, and minimizing damage due to key leakage.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for generating separate rule data using a database management system (DBMS) based language in order to efficiently manage usage rules of content. The method of providing usage rule data of content included in a mobile storage medium connected to a content reproduction device, the method includes: generating first rule data that is a set of rules used to manage the usage rule data based on a data structure of a database management system (DBMS); and generating second rule data that is a set of rules used to access the usage rule data using the first rule data.

Abstract: There are provided a method of forming a fine pattern employing self-aligned double patterning. The method includes providing a substrate. First mask patterns are formed on the substrate. A reactive layer is formed on the substrate having the first mask patterns. The reactive layer adjacent to the first mask patterns is reacted using a chemical attachment process, thereby forming sacrificial layers along outer walls of the first mask patterns. The reactive layer that is not reacted is removed to expose the sacrificial layers. Second mask patterns are formed between the sacrificial layers adjacent to sidewalls of the first mask patterns facing each other. The sacrificial layers are removed to expose the first and second mask patterns and the substrate exposed between the first and second mask patterns. The substrate is etched using the first and second mask patterns as an etching mask.

Abstract: A mutual authentication method using a mediation module and a system therefor are provided.

Abstract: A method of transmitting content between devices and a system therefor are provided. The method of transmitting encrypted content in a state in which the encrypted content and license information is stored and in which an external device is connected, includes: transmitting the license information corresponding to the encrypted content to the external device; transmitting the encrypted content to the external device, when receiving a request for transmitting the encrypted content from the external device; and updating the license information. Accordingly, content can be rapidly and stably transmitted between the devices. Also, it is possible to improve the accuracy and the security in the procedure of updating the license information.

Abstract: A portable memory apparatus having a content protection function is provided. The portable memory apparatus includes a memory and a memory control unit. The memory includes a read-only memory area which stores content and is set to so that only read operations are allowed, a writable memory area which is set so that read and write operations are allowed, and a special memory area which stores information needed to operate the portable memory apparatus and is set so that only authenticated programs are allowed to read from and/or write to the special memory area. The memory control unit controls the read and write operations on each of the areas.

Abstract: Provided is a method of conditionally decrypting content. In the method, whether a content key for encrypting and/or decrypting content is revoked is determined, and encrypted content is selectively decrypted using the content key.

Abstract: Provided are a method and a system for mutual authentication between mobile and host devices. The mobile device stores a first secret key and is connected to the host device. The method includes generating a second secret key using the first secret key and first data that is received from the host device and is encrypted using a predetermined method. The method further includes transmitting second data that is encrypted using a predetermined method, to the host device to induce generation of a media key; performing an operation on the second secret key and transmitting a generated operation value to the host device; and performing mutual authentication between the mobile device and the host device.

Abstract: A method of constructing a unique domain for preventing content from being illegally used by an unauthorized third person in a public key-based architecture and applying the constructed domain to a home network using universal plug and play (UPnP). The method of the present invention includes selecting one of controlled devices that are operable as a master device and determining the selected device as the master device; performing device authentication in such a manner that other controlled devices receive a secret information block from the determined master device and create certificates; and determining slave devices by selecting one or more devices among the authenticated controlled devices.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for managing digital content are provided. The apparatus for managing digital content generated by applying digital rights management (DRM) includes: a content execution unit executing digital content; and a control unit confirming whether or not digital content is in a first period in which the digital content can be normally executed, and controlling the content execution unit so that, if the digital content is in the first period, the digital content can be executed normally, and if the digital content is in a second period which is not in the first period, the digital content can be executed in a manner which can be distinguished from that of execution in the first period. According to the apparatus and method, execution of digital content, which is close to expiration, can be controlled, thereby managing the expiration of the digital content for a user.