Abstract: A method for providing a navigation tool of a user interface for an industrial control system. The control system is arranged with a plurality of process graphics including one or more software objects. The software objects are arranged in hierarchical groups each representing a process, part-process or an equipment, in which materials are moved and/or processed in a predetermined order. The navigation tool includes a graphic image or map showing the plurality of process graphics symbolically arranged as a plurality of nodes. Each node is spatially arranged at a given distance from the centre of the map according to a hierarchical relationship between the process graphics, and the map is displayed superimposed on top of the process graphic currently displayed on the workstation. A computer program and a workstation are also described. The node representing the currently open process graphic is shown by a visual indicator.

Abstract: A method of controlling a ship as well as to a ship, where the ship includes at least one data collecting unit configured to collect operational data of the ship, at least one control computer for controlling an operation aspect of the ship, at least one window facing a view used in the control, and at least one actuating unit for actuating a control aspect of the ship. The at least one window includes a touch screen on which operational data obtained from the data collecting unit is presented and via which a control command can be entered for controlling the ship.

Abstract: A method for providing a navigation tool of a user interface for an industrial control system. The control system is arranged with a plurality of process graphics including one or more software objects. The software objects are arranged in hierarchical groups each representing a process, part-process or an equipment, in which materials are moved and/or processed in a predetermined order. The navigation tool includes a graphic image or map showing the plurality of process graphics symbolically arranged as a plurality of nodes. Each node is spatially arranged at a given distance from the centre of the map according to a hierarchical relationship between the process graphics, and the map is displayed superimposed on top of the process graphic currently displayed on the workstation. A computer program and a workstation are also described. The node representing the currently open process graphic is shown by a visual indicator.

Abstract: An endpoint detection method includes processing an outer surface of a substrate, directing an incident light beam through a window in an opaque metal body onto the surface being processed, receiving at a detector a reflected light beam from the substrate and generating a signal from the detector, and generating a signal based on the reflected light beam received at the detector, and detecting a processing endpoint. The signal is a time-varying cyclic signal that varies as the thickness of the layer varies over time, and detecting the processing endpoint includes detecting that a portion of a cycle of the cyclic signal has passed, the portion being less than a full cycle of the cyclic signal.

Abstract: A system method and apparatus to monitor a frictional coefficient of a substrate undergoing polishing is described. A polishing pad assembly includes a polishing layer including a polishing surface, and a substrate contacting member flexibly coupled to the polishing layer having a top surface to contact an exposed surface of a substrate. At least a portion of the top surface is substantially coplanar with the polishing surface. A sensor is provided to measure a lateral displacement of the substrate contacting member. Some embodiments may provide accurate endpoint detection during chemical mechanical polishing to indicate the exposure of an underlying layer.

Abstract: The invention provides an antenna arrangement for a wireless communication system arranged to have at least one transmit mode and at least one receive mode, the arrangement comprising at least three directional antennas in an antenna configuration. Each directional antenna is arranged to have an azimuthal radiation pattern shaped as a beam, each beam covering an angular sector, such that a combined radiation pattern of all beams in a first transmit mode is arranged to provide a full 360° omnidirectional coverage. By combining localization and polarization of the directional antennas an omnidirectional radiation pattern substantially without null-depths in the azimuthal plane can be created when the radiation pattern of the directional antennas are combined.

Abstract: The invention relates to a shell (1) arranged with extensible wings (3) having improved guidance characteristics during the gliding and final phase of the shell (1). The invention is characterized in that the extensible wings (3), via threaded wing fixtures (8), are movably arranged on rotatable axial guide shafts (6) on the shell body (2) for separate or simultaneous displacement of the wings (3) in the longitudinal direction A of the shell (1), for guidance of the shell (1) in the vertical and lateral directions during the trajectory phase of the shell, and in that the wings (3) are also rotatably arranged on radial guide shafts for controlling the angle of incidence of the wings (3) during the final phase of the shell (1).

Abstract: A wireless communication system comprising at least one base station in a communication cell, wherein the base station is equipped with at least one array antenna comprising at least two antenna ports which are connected to respective at least two corresponding antenna elements, wherein at least two of the at least two antenna elements have essentially the same polarization. The array antenna is arranged for communication via at least two antenna radiation lobes, each antenna radiation lobe communicating an information stream to at least one user equipment (UE) in the cell, wherein each antenna radiation lobe is individually controllable both in azimuth and elevation, whereby the communication of the information streams is optimized.

Abstract: The invention relates to a shell (1) intended for firing from a weapon (6), preferably a mortar weapon (6), the shell (1) being designed for securing the shell (1) in a mortar weapon (6) in order thereby to prevent movement of the shell (1) when adjusting the angle of elevation of the weapon (6). According to the invention this is achieved in that the shell (1) comprises a locking part (19, 28, 37), the locking part (19, 28, 37) forming an integral part of the shell (1) and being designed so that the shell (1) after ramming home is locked to a corresponding securing part (19) in the mortar (6). The invention also relates to a mortar (6) intended for firing said shell (1), the mortar (6) being characterized in that the mortar (6) comprises a corresponding securing part (19) for locking the shell (1).

Abstract: A base station repeater station pair, comprising: a base station (1) having an input for a broadcast signal (s(t)) and being arranged to transmit, in use, a transfer signal over a link (3) using electromagnetic (EM) radiation; and a repeater station (2) arranged to receive, in use and through EM radiation, the transfer signal from the base station (1) and from the transfer signal broadcast the broadcast signal using EM radiation, in which the link (3) between the base station (1) and the repeater station (2) over which the transfer signal is passed in use comprises a dual polarized link, whereby the base station (1) is arranged to transmit the transfer signal over the link (3) with two different polarizations, and the repeater station (2) is arranged to receive the transfer signal from the link as two differently polarized versions. Also disclosed area base station and a method of using the above.

Abstract: The invention provides an antenna arrangement for a wireless communication system arranged to have at least one transmit mode and at least one receive mode, the arrangement comprising at least three directional antennas in an antenna configuration. Each directional antenna is arranged to have an azimuthal radiation pattern shaped as a beam, each beam covering an angular sector, such that a combined radiation pattern of all beams in a first transmit mode is arranged to provide a full 360° omnidirectional coverage. By combining localization and polarization of the directional antennas an omnidirectional radiation pattern substantially without null-depths in the azimuthal plane can be created when the radiation pattern of the directional antennas are combined.

Abstract: An apparatus for chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of a wafer has a rotatable platen to hold a polishing pad, a polishing head for holding the wafer against the polishing pad, an optical monitoring system and a position sensor. The platen has a hole therein, the optical monitoring system includes a light source to direct a light beam through the aperture toward the wafer from a side of the wafer contacting the polishing pad and a detector to receive reflections of the light beam from the wafer, and the position sensor senses when the hole is adjacent the wafer such that the light beam generated by the light source can pass through the hole and impinge on the wafer.

Abstract: A system method and apparatus to monitor a frictional coefficient of a substrate undergoing polishing is described. A polishing pad assembly includes a polishing layer including a polishing surface, and a substrate contacting member flexibly coupled to the polishing layer having a top surface to contact an exposed surface of a substrate. At least a portion of the top surface is substantially coplanar with the polishing surface. A sensor is provided to measure a lateral displacement of the substrate contacting member. Some embodiments may provide accurate endpoint detection during chemical mechanical polishing to indicate the exposure of an underlying layer.

Abstract: An endpoint detection method includes processing an outer surface of a substrate, directing an incident light beam through a window in an opaque metal body onto the surface being processed, receiving at a detector a reflected light beam from the substrate and generating a signal from the detector, and generating a signal based on the reflected light beam received at the detector, and detecting a processing endpoint. The signal is a time-varying cyclic signal that varies as the thickness of the layer varies over time, and detecting the processing endpoint includes detecting that a portion of a cycle of the cyclic signal has passed, the portion being less than a full cycle of the cyclic signal.

Abstract: The invention provides an antenna arrangement for a wireless communication system arranged to have at least one transmit mode and at least one receive mode, the arrangement comprising at least three directional antennas (601, 602, 603) in an antenna configuration. Each directional antenna is arranged to have an azimuthal radiation pattern shaped as a beam, each beam covering an angular sector, such that a combined radiation pattern of all beams in a first transmit mode is arranged to provide a full 360° omnidirectional coverage. By combining localization and polarization (P1, P2) of the directional antennas an omnidirectional radiation pattern substantially without null-depths in the azimuthal plane can be created when the radiation pattern of the directional antennas are combined. The invention also provides a corresponding method and a base station for communication with mobile terminals in a telecommunications network equipped with the antenna arrangement.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a shell (1) for achieving variable firing range and effect when firing from a launcher, which shell (1) contains a firing charge (10), a rocket motor charge (6) with gas outlet (8), a rocket motor nozzle (9) and an active part (5). According to the invention, this is achieved by virtue of the fact that the shell (1) also contains a release mechanism (15) for releasing the rocket motor nozzle (9) from the rocket motor charge (6) after a time delay determined with regard to firing range and effect, and that the rocket motor charge (6) comprises a propellant which is detonable.

Abstract: The invention relates to a shell (1) arranged with extensible wings (3) having improved guidance characteristics during the gliding and final phase of the shell (1). The invention is characterized in that the extensible wings (3), via threaded wing fixtures (8), are movably arranged on rotatable axial guide shafts (6) on the shell body (2) for separate or simultaneous displacement of the wings (3) in the longitudinal direction A of the shell (1), for guidance of the shell (1) in the vertical and lateral directions during the trajectory phase of the shell, and in that the wings (3) are also rotatably arranged on radial guide shafts for controlling the angle of incidence of the wings (3) during the final phase of the shell (1).

Abstract: A system method and apparatus to monitor a frictional coefficient of a substrate undergoing polishing is described. A polishing pad assembly includes a polishing layer including a polishing surface, and a substrate contacting member flexibly coupled to the polishing layer having a top surface to contact an exposed surface of a substrate. At least a portion of the top surface is substantially coplanar with the polishing surface. A sensor is provided to measure a lateral displacement of the substrate contacting member. Some embodiments may provide accurate endpoint detection during chemical mechanical polishing to indicate the exposure of an underlying layer.

Abstract: A wireless telecommunications system for stationary or semi-stationary equipment includes a main node and a first plurality of terminals belonging to the same access subset and arranged to receive from and transmit to the main node. The main node transmits in at least one beam and receives in at least two beams, and the system indicates to the terminals that they may or may not transmit to the central node. Based upon certain criteria, two or more terminals located in different receive beams of the main node may be given permission to transmit to the central node simultaneously. Suitably, two or more terminals which are given permission to transmit simultaneously do so using the same frequency, or the same code, or the same time slot.

Abstract: An electronic device (200,300) comprising an antenna arrangement with first and second antenna groups with first (122, 142) and a second (124, 144) radiation elements. The first and second radiation elements in each group have first and second respective polarizations and gain, and said groups also comprise a beam forming network (126, 146) connected to the radiation elements of the group and to an output selector (150). The beam forming network (126, 146) of each antenna group uses the radiation elements (122, 124; 142, 144) in the group to create a radiation pattern (127, 147) with a polarization which is a composite of the first and second polarizations of the elements in the group, so that a first (127) and a second (147) radiation pattern of composite polarization is created. The output selector (150) selects or combines signals received by the two antenna groups as its output.