Abstract: The present application is at leasted directed to an apparatus including a non-transitory memory including instructions to perform random access in a beam sweeping network having a cell. The network includes a downlink sweeping subframe, an uplink sweeping subframe and a regular sweeping subframe. The apparatus also includes a processor operably coupled to the non-transitory memory. The processor is configured to execute the instructions of selecting an optimal downlink transmission beam transmitted by the cell during the downlink sweeping subframe. The processor is also configured to execute the instructions of determining an optimal downlink reception beam from the optimal downlink transmission beam. The processor is further configured to execute the instructions of determining a random access preamble and a physical random access channel (PRACH) resource via resource selection from the optimal downlink transmission beam.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for multiple radio access technology (multi-RAT) access mode operation for a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) are disclosed. A WTRU and a network may enable a multi-RAT access mode of operation based on at least one of WTRU subscription, a service agreement of the WTRU, a roaming status of the WTRU, a selected access point name (APN), an Internet protocol (IP) flow class, a subscriber profile identity for the WTRU, requested quality of service, or a proximity indication indicating proximity to a cell supporting multi-RAT access mode. The WTRU may send a capability indication of support of multi-RAT access to a network, wherein the multi-RAT access mode is enabled based on the capability indication. A partial handover of bearers may be performed. In performing the handover, the target cell is determined based on a priority rule.

Abstract: New radio download numerology allocation information may be obtained through master information block data, system information block data, radio resource control signals, or signals or a physical downlink numerology indication channel, and used along with a reference signal detected in a search space to obtain resource element positions in an antenna port reference signal in a resource block that belongs to a particular band slice according to a reference signal allocation scheme for a band slice numerology. A physical download control may then be decoded based upon one or more resource elements of the reference signal, allowing the connection of, e.g., an enhanced mobile broadband, massive machine type communication, or ultra-reliable/low-latency application to a communications network thereby. Alternatively, multiple physical downlink control channels may be blindly demodulated at each of a number calculated reference signal locations, and one channel selected based on passing a cyclic redundancy check.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for offloading traffic from a third generation partnership project (3GPP) access network to a non-3GPP access point (AP) are disclosed. A 3GPP access network entity may receive subscription information associated with a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU). The 3GPP access network entity may further receive traffic associated with the WTRU. The 3GPP access network entity may further determine whether to offload the traffic to the non-3GPP AP based on the subscription information. The 3GPP access network entity may also forward the traffic to the non-3GPP AP based on its determination.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are disclosed for a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) to perform a multi-radio access technology (RAT) access (MRA) operation. The apparatus may include a WTRU comprising a transceiver and a processor configured to send a non-access stratum (NAS) access request message to a network node using a first radio access technology (RAT). The message may indicate that the WTRU can connect to both a network node using the first RAT and a network node using a second RAT. The transceiver may be configured to receive a NAS accept message and a message comprising configuration information for the second RAT. The transceiver and the processor may be further configured to connect to a network node using the second RAT based on the received configuration information and communicate with both the network node using the first RAT and the network node using the second RAT.

Abstract: Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) processes, indicators, and similar methods may be used improve new radio performance in a number of ways. For example HARQ processes may be retransmitted, even before a response is expected, a number of times. Separate acknowledgement may be provided for various code blocks within a single transport block. Multi-bit ACK/NACK signaling may be used to efficiently express the status of individual code blocks or groups of code blocks within a transmission block. Grantless transmissions may be acknowledged implicitly, e.g., via responses comprising downlink control information or sent via a physical hybrid automatic repeat request indicator channel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for supporting a two-stage device-to-device (D2D) discovery using a D2D interworking function (IWF). A D2D IWF component may be configured to perform mapping between an application running on an application server and a third generation partnership project (3GPP) network, and provide a set of application programming interfaces (APIs) to allow discovery to be provided as a service to D2D applications. An application identifier may be mapped to a 3GPP identifier. Further, a method and apparatus are described for performing client-server discovery. A first wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured for a listen-only operation, and a second WTRU may be configured to transmit beacons. The first and second WTRUs may perform a radio access network (RAN) discovery procedure at an access stratum (AS) layer. A method and apparatus for performing charging for D2D service using a D2D IWF are also described.

Abstract: New radio download numerology allocation information may be obtained through master information block data, system information block data, radio resource control signals, or signals or a physical downlink numerology indication channel, and used along with a reference signal detected in a search space to obtain resource element positions in an antenna port reference signal in a resource block that belongs to a particular band slice according to a reference signal allocation scheme for a band slice numerology. A physical download control may then be decoded based upon one or more resource elements of the reference signal, allowing the connection of, e.g., an enhanced mobile broadband, massive machine type communication, or ultra-reliable/low-latency application to a communications network thereby. Alternatively, multiple physical downlink control channels may be blindly demodulated at each of a number calculated reference signal locations, and one channel selected based on passing a cyclic redundancy check.

Abstract: System information can include a basic set of system information and additional system information. A UE can receive the basic set of system information and then later request or receive the additional system information. Messages can use tags which can be used to look up locally stored system information. If a tag does not correspond to any locally stored system information, the system information and an associated tag can then be requested. Messages can be indicative of a cluster identity associated with cells. When the UE goes into a new cell, the cluster identity can be checked to see if system information from a prior call can be reused.

Abstract: Procedures, mechanisms, methods, and techniques are provided that trigger power saving mode (PSM) functionality in the at least one wireless transmit receive units, group of WTRUs or subset of the group of WTRUs. The trigger may be in response to an application layer request to set one or more predetermined PSM settings, wherein the trigger originates from one or more application servers (APs) directed to a core network by way of an interface such as an SCEF that may be included on a device (e.g., a gateway, computing device, and/or the like) and may be configured for enabling the application server to request enabling and disabling PSM functionality.

Abstract: A WTRU may send a registration message to a core network (CN) that is associated with a first cell of a first radio access technology (RAT) and a second cell of a second RAT. The WTRU may receive, on the first cell of the first RAT with a first radio resource control (RRC) protocol, a RRC reconfiguration message that includes information for communications with the second cell of the second RAT. The first cell of the first RAT may be utilized for mobility management and a second RRC protocol may be utilized with the second cell of the second RAT.

Abstract: Current approaches to transmitting uplink data in a network often require resources to be granted. In an example, a node or apparatus may configure a plurality of devices to operate in a grant-less mode in accordance with a respective grant-less access allocation. Grant-less operations may be managed, for example, to meet the reliability and latency requirements and battery life requirements for different types of devices. For example, the state transition between grant-less and grant based may be managed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for multiple radio access technology (multi-RAT) access mode operation for a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) are disclosed. A WTRU and a network may enable a multi-RAT access mode of operation based on at least one of WTRU subscription, a service agreement of the WTRU, a roaming status of the WTRU, a selected access point name (APN), an Internet protocol (IP) flow class, a subscriber profile identity for the WTRU, requested quality of service, or a proximity indication indicating proximity to a cell supporting multi-RAT access mode. The WTRU may send a capability indication of support of multi-RAT access to a network, wherein the multi-RAT access mode is enabled based on the capability indication. A partial handover of bearers may be performed. In performing the handover, the target cell is determined based on a priority rule.

Abstract: Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) processes, indicators, and similar methods may be used improve new radio performance in a number of ways. For example HARQ processes may be retransmitted, even before a response is expected, a number of times. Separate acknowledgement may be provided for various code blocks within a single transport block. Multi-bit ACK/NACK signaling may be used to efficiently express the status of individual code blocks or groups of code blocks within a transmission block. Grantless transmissions may be acknowledged implicitly, e.g., via responses comprising downlink control information or sent via a physical hybrid automatic repeat request indicator channel.

Abstract: Flexibly configured containers consisting of resources within time-frequency blocks may be used to support multiple numerologies in new radio architectures. Uplink control may be defined in resources within a container, or in dedicated resources, by various nodes. Sounding reference signal resources may be dynamically configured for each numerology. The sequence length may be adapted, as well as the time domain location of symbols. Time, frequency, and orthogonal resources may be allocated via a downlink control channel or a radio resource control. Sounding reference signals may be pre-coded, and pre-coding weights may be based on a codebook or non-codebook approaches, e.g., via a radio resource control or a downlink RRC or DL control channel. Pre-coded sounding reference signals may be adapted to user equipment antenna configuration. Further, NR-SRS may be used as UL demodulation RS (DM-RS).

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for a WTRU to operate using multiple schedulers. The WTRU may exchange data with the network over more than one data path, such that each data path may use a radio interface connected to a different network node and each node may be associated with an independent scheduler. For example, a WTRU may establish a RRC connection between the WTRU and a network. The RRC connection may establish a first radio interface between the WTRU and a first serving site of the network and a second radio interface between the WTRU and a second serving site of the network. The RRC connection may be established between the WTRU and the MeNB and a control function may be established between the WTRU and the SCeNB. The WTRU may receive data from the network over the first radio interface or the second radio interface.

Abstract: System information can include a basic set of system information and additional system information. A UE can receive the basic set of system information and then later request or receive the additional system information. Messages can use tags which can be used to look up locally stored system information. If a tag does not correspond to any locally stored system information, the system information and an associated tag can then be requested. Messages can be indicative of a cluster identity associated with cells. When the UE goes into a new cell, the cluster identity can be checked to see if system information from a prior call can be reused.

Abstract: Flexibly configured containers consisting of resources within time-frequency blocks may be used to support multiple numerologies in new radio architectures. Uplink control may be defined in resources within a container, or in dedicated resources, by various nodes. Sounding reference signal resources may be dynamically configured for each numerology. The sequence length may be adapted, as well as the time domain location of symbols. Time, frequency, and orthogonal resources may be allocated via a downlink control channel or a radio resource control. Sounding reference signals may be pre-coded, and pre-coding weights may be based on a codebook or non-codebook approaches, e.g., via a radio resource control or a downlink RRC or DL control channel. Pre-coded sounding reference signals may be adapted to user equipment antenna configuration. Further, NR-SRS may be used as UL demodulation RS (DM-RS).

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for a WTRU to operate using multiple schedulers. The WTRU may exchange data with the network over more than one data path, such that each data path may use a radio interface connected to a different network node and each node may be associated with an independent scheduler. For example, a WTRU may establish a RRC connection between the WTRU and a network. The RRC connection may establish a first radio interface between the WTRU and a first serving site of the network and a second radio interface between the WTRU and a second serving site of the network. The RRC connection may be established between the WTRU and the MeNB and a control function may be established between the WTRU and the SCeNB. The WTRU may receive data from the network over the first radio interface or the second radio interface.

Abstract: The present application is directed to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus includes a non-transitory memory including instructions stored thereon for performing the wireless communication. The apparatus also includes a processor, operably coupled to the non-transitory memory, capable of executing an instruction of receiving a beam sweeping block carrying downlink initial access signals including a first synchronization signal, a second synchronization signal, a beam reference signal and a PBCH monitoring transmission of a downlink sweeping subframe. The processor is capable of also executing the instruction of determining, based on the downlink initial access signals, an identity of the beam sweeping block associated with the downlink initial access signal. A part of the identity of the beam sweeping block is associated with the beam reference signal. The present application is also directed to a method for performing wireless communication.