Abstract: A method and apparatus for copying garbage collection is described. A set of ambiguously referenced objects is identified in a from-space. Live objects in the from-space which are not ambiguously referenced are moved to the to-space, and the ambiguously referenced are transfixed (i.e. left behind to reside in the from-space). The boundaries of the ambiguously referenced are determined. When moving objects to the to-space, the objects are moved into regions between boundaries of objects transfixed in the to-space.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for accessing an instance of a recreatable object in a shorter-duration memory based on a reference located in a longer-duration memory, where the shorter-duration memory is associated with a call. One technique involves (1) locating, within the shorter-duration memory, a context structure associated with the call; (2) locating an XREF pointers array based on data cached within the context structure; (3) determining whether the XREF pointers array includes a pointer associated with the reference; and (4) if the XREF pointers array includes a pointer associated with the reference, then following the pointer to locate the instance within the shorter-duration memory.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing copying garbage collection is provided. In a computer's memory, objects are stored in a permanent semispace. When a garbage collection event is detected, a garbage collection cycle is commenced. During the garbage collection cycle, the live objects in the permanent semispace are copied into a temporary semispace. After copying all the live objects into the temporary semispace, the live objects are then recopied into the permanent semispace.

Abstract: A process and composition for treating a metal surface to increase its surface roughness for subsequent adhesion to a polymer layer. The composition comprises hydrogen peroxide, inorganic acid, an amine free of a surfactant group and optionally, a corrosion inhibitor. The composition is characterized by elimination of a surfactant from solution.

Abstract: A high capacity, long cycle life, positive electrode for use in an alkaline rechargeable electrochemical cell comprising: a solid solution nickel hydroxide material and carbon. The carbon acts to promote the multiphase structure and increase conductivity.

Abstract: A positive electrode material for use in electrochemical cells. This material comprises particles of positive electrode material including at least one electrochemically active hydroxide and a substantially continuous, uniform, encapsulant layer surrounding the particles of positive electrode material. The encapsulant layer is formed from a material which, upon oxidation during processing or during charging of the electrode, is convertible to a highly conductive form, and which, upon subsequent discharge of the electrode, does not revert to its previous form. Preferably, the electrochemically active hydroxide includes at least nickel hydroxide. The encapsulant layer is preferably formed from at least cobalt hydroxide or cobalt oxyhydroxide. This layer is formed on the particles of positive electrode material by precipitation from a cobalt salt solution, which can be a cobalt sulfate solution. Also disclosed are positive electrodes including the material and a precipitation method of forming the material.