Abstract: A soft magnetic material, and a method for manufacturing it, which is suitable, e.g., for use in solenoid valves is described. The individual powder particles of a metallic powdery initial component are equipped superficially at least largely with a high-resistance surface layer and the powder particles are densified into the material. Upon densification of the powdery metallic initial component into the soft magnetic material, the surface layers of the powder particles are additionally at least locally welded to one another. Welding can be achieved using shock densification.

Abstract: A sheet offset printing method and a sheet offset printing press includes altering flow relationships in an interior of a housing of a sheet delivery of a sheet-fed printing machine to prevent uncontrolled spread of powder in the housing by extracting powder-laden air from the housing and/or feeding air into the housing from outside at a point along a return belt of a sheet conveying device. Air currents are channeled inside the housing by feeding air not laden with powder into the housing and/or leading the air into an air flow path along the return belt downstream of the point with respect to a return belt motion direction to transport the unladen air toward a printing unit by a drag effect of the return belt and/or impeding/blocking a supply of powder-charged air from around a conveyor belt of the sheet-conveyor or a powder-scattering device into a flow path along the return belt.

Abstract: A sintered plain bearing for motors and gear drives, having a running surface formed by a bearing bore and capable of having lubricant applied to it from lubricant reservoirs in the bearing, in which the bearing bore has, alternatingly distributed over the circumference, high-compaction small-pore running surfaces and axially extending low-compaction open-pore lubricant reservoirs. Lubrication is improved, especially in the initial phases of operation, by the fact that the lubricant reservoirs are constituted by channel structures having at least two longitudinal channels, and that at least in some of the channel structures, some of the channel crests remaining between adjacent longitudinal channels are in contact with the shaft received by the bearing bore in order to transfer lubricant.

Abstract: A magnetically soft, moldable composite material include powder grains coated with nonmagnetic thermoplastic compounds or with molecular precursors for ceramics or with intermetallic compounds, the magnetic properties of the magnetically soft composite material being adjustable in that fashion. Also described is a method for manufacturing a magnetically soft, shapable composite material coated in that fashion, which can subsequently be processed into shaped parts.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a pressed part from a soft magnetic composite material. A starting mixture is provided that includes an iron powder and an auxiliary pressing agent. The starting mixture is pressed to form a pressed part and annealed at temperatures between 380° C. and 450° C. in a mixture of an inert gas and oxygen that has an oxygen concentration between 1% and 10% by volume. A second embodiment of a method for manufacturing a pressed part from a soft magnetic composite material in which a starting mixture is provided that includes an iron powder and an auxiliary pressing agent. The starting mixture is pressed to form a pressed part, annealed, and then postformed and re-annealed.

Abstract: The device serves for changing the length of a running path of an electromagnetic wave. It comprises a wave guide which is wound onto a core. The core is formed in two parts, wherein the distance of the core parts to one another is changeable in order to extend the wave length in a defined manner.

Abstract: In order to state a powdered metal composite material having a high specific electrical resistance and having good mechanical strength, very good resistance to temperature and to fuel, and a starting material and a method for the economical production of such a composite material, a powdered metal composite material having a high specific electrical resistance, which contains at least two oxides encapsulating the powdered metal particles, the oxides forming at least one common phase, and a starting material containing a powdered metal, which contains at least two antitack agents having oxidic pyrolysis residue and oxidic fine powder, and a method for producing such a composite material are made available, which relate to a starting material of the kind named, in which the starting material is pressed to form molded articles, in which the antitack agents are pyrolyzed in a nonreducing atmosphere to form oxides, and the oxides then present are made to react with one another to form at least one common phase.

Abstract: It is the case of an interferometric measuring arrangement for superimposing at least two light waves, with a first coupling means for coupling the light waves coming from a light source into a sample arm and into a reference arm, and with a second coupling means for superimposing the light waves coming from the reference arm and the sample arm, which are led to at least one detector. The light waves at least within the reference arm are exclusively led in at least one fiber guide which they do not leave on their path between the coupling means, and with which the sample arm extends on both sides of the first coupling means.

Abstract: A pneumatic radial ply tire has an aspect ratio in the range of 0.2 to 0.8, preferably 0.5 to 0.8. The tire has a pair of parallel annular beads, at least two radial carcass plies, at least one radial carcass ply having a pair of turnups being wrapped about said beads. The tire has a belt structure disposed radially outwardly of said radial carcass plies in a crown area of the tire. The belt structure has a width defined as the distance between edges of the belt structure. The tread is disposed radially outward of said belt structure and a sidewall is disposed between the tread and the beads. Each sidewall has a gumstrip interposed between two radial carcass plies extending from below the belt structure radially inward to a radially inner end located at or above the maximum section width of the tire.

Abstract: Suction device to draw off sample liquids from filtration vessels to recipient vessels including an evacuable chamber, which has an upper opening with a continues circular sealing surface for marginally supporting at least one filtration vessel mountable in place from top and may be opened for the insertion and removal of at least one recipient vessel, and including a support parallel to the sealing surface to enable the recipient vessel to be positioned in the chamber below the filtration vessel wherein the upper opening including the circular sealing surface is disposed on a first chamber portion adapted to be displaced with regard to a stationarily disposed, second chamber portion including the support where the first and second chamber portions complement each other in a charging position to form a sealed chamber and the first chamber portion releases the support, in an access position displaced away from the second chamber portion, for the insertion and removal of the recipient vessel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing 4-(4′-carboxyphenyl)pyridine, which comprises oxidizing a 4-phenyl-N-acyldihydropyridine of the formula (II) where R1 is a bulky alkyl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl or alkoxy group and R2 is a straight-chain or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl radical having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, by means of an oxidizing agent selected from the group consisting of permanganates, nitric acid, Cr(VI) compounds, oxygen and air to give the compound of the formula (I) where M is a cation.

Abstract: The device serves the change of the length of the running path of an electromagnetic wave, and specifically of a light beam between the emitter and receiver. It comprises two oppositely lying reflection means between which the beam is reflected, as well as a means for changing the distance of these reflection means. The reflection means are arranged at an angle &bgr; to one another which lies between 0° and 45° so that the incident beam is thrown to and fro several times between the reflection means, until it is finally congruently thrown back.

Abstract: A sheet offset printing method and a sheet offset printing press includes altering flow relationships in an interior of a housing of a sheet delivery of a sheet-fed printing machine to prevent uncontrolled spread of powder in the housing by extracting powder-laden air from the housing and/or feeding air into the housing from outside at a point along a return belt of a sheet conveying device. Air currents are channeled inside the housing by feeding air not laden with powder into the housing and/or leading the air into an air flow path along the return belt downstream of the point with respect to a return belt motion direction to transport the unladen air toward a printing unit by a drag effect of the return belt and/or impeding/blocking a supply of powder-charged air from around a conveyor belt of the sheet-conveyor or a powder-scattering device into a flow path along the return belt.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a compound of the formula (I) 1

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing 4-(4′-carboxyphenyl)pyridine, which comprises oxidizing a 4-phenyl-N-acyldihydropyridine of the formula (II) 1

Abstract: An elongated channel for the assembly of successive increments of a continuous tobacco stream and for lengthwise transport of the tobacco stream in a cigarette making machine is composed of a foraminous belt having a lower reach overlying the channel and located beneath a suction chamber, and of two additional belts having recessed surfaces which flank the channel. Those tobacco particles which enter the recesses in the surfaces of the additional belts form part of densified sections of rod-like fillers of discrete cigarettes and the recesses further serve to receive the teeth of one or more driven pulleys which are employed to move the additional belts lengthwise.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus are provided for deriving the relative position of an eye by tracking a boundary of the eye such as the limbus (i.e., the interface between the white sclera and the colored iris). A technique for tracking the position of the eye of patient comprises directing light to an annular region of the eye between the sclera and the iris and receiving reflected light from that region. The intensity of the reflected light is then measured to determine a relative position of the eye. In some embodiments, the measured region is scanned around the boundary. In other embodiments, a light spot is scanned around a substantially annular trajectory radially outward from the pupil. The signals corresponding to the intensity of the reflected light are then processed and measured to determine the eye's position. A flap of tissue covering the boundary may be automatically detected so as to selectively measure the boundary away from the flap.

Abstract: A method of cooling coated foods, particularly confectionery and baked goods, wherein the goods are moved by a conveyor belt through a cooling duct, and wherein air is used as the cooling agent. Alternatively, the goods are conveyed by a conveyor belt through a cooling duct above base plates forming heat exchangers, wherein a liquid cooling agent flows through the heat exchangers. The method includes adjusting a delta-T (actual value) between cooling agent exit and cooling agent entry for a certain product to be coated by regulating the cooling agent flow speed, entering this delta-T as nominal value in a computer as the parameter for further cooling of this product, and regulating the cooling agent entry temperature, particularly in the case of production interruption or restart of production, by the difference determined in the computer between the delta-T determined as the nominal value and the actually measured value.

Abstract: An apparatus for coating foods, such as sweets, baked goods and the like, with flowable coating substances, such as chocolate and other icings. The apparatus includes an endless conveyor belt for the coated goods or the goods to be coated and a run-off plate arranged underneath the conveyor belt for excess coating substance. A catch container is provided for receiving the excess coating substance from the run-off plate. A separate scraping belt for removing excess coating substance or scraping the run-off plate is provided underneath the conveyor belt and above the run-off plate.

Abstract: An apparatus for continuously processing a cocoa-butter containing or similar fat-containing mass, particularly a chocolate mass, includes an outer stationary cooling cylinder, wherein the mass to be processed is pumped through the interior of the stationary cooling cylinder from one end face thereof into the area of the other end face. The apparatus further includes a driven agitating element in the interior of the cooling cylinder. A driven inner cylinder having a smaller diameter than the cooling cylinder is arranged concentrically in the cooling cylinder. The cooling cylinder and the inner cylinder form an annular interior in which a number of agitating rollers forming the agitating element are arranged. The axes of the agitating rollers extend parallel to the axis of the cylinders. The axes of the agitating rollers are located on a common circle arranged concentrically to the cylinders. The agitating rollers are driven by the cylinder.