Abstract: Particles obtainable by the reaction of compounds which can form inorganic nanoparticles with organic molecules which comprise functional groups, and the use of these particles for the finishing of inanimate organic polymers, in particular for stabilization against the effect of UV radiation. Liquid formulations which comprise such particles, and also methods for the preparation of the particles and their liquid formulations. Powders which are obtainable from the abovementioned liquid formulations and also liquid formulations which are obtainable by redispersing the powders. Use of nanoparticles with organic light-absorbing compounds attached to the surfaces thereof for stabilizing polymers against the effect of light, free radicals or heat.

Abstract: A description is given of the use of naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic monoimides of the formula (I), in which R1 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl and R2 is a radical containing at least one ? electron system containing a carbon atom and at least one further atom selected from carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen, with the proviso that the radical contains at least one atom other than carbon; to protect organic material from the damaging effects of light, of compositions which comprise at least one naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic monoimide of the formula (I) in an amount which provides protection from the damaging effects of light, and at least one organic material, and of new naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic monoimides (I).

Abstract: A process for preparing compounds of the general formula (I) by reacting the compound of the general formula (II) where L, L? are the same or different and are each independently Cl or OH in the presence of a. chlorine compounds Cl-M2R1R2R3, Cl-M3R4R5R6, with the proviso that L and L? are not both simultaneously OH, or b. hydroxyl compounds HO-M2R1R2R3, HO-M3R4R5R6. The use of compounds of the general formula (I) as markers for liquids and a process for detecting markers in liquids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for preparing pentarylene- and hexarylenetetracarboximides of the general formula (I) or (Ia) or mixtures thereof, to pentarylene and hexarylenetetracarboximides having a high degree of substitution, and to their use.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula I (variables defined herein) and processes for making compounds including 2,6 -naphthyl radicals are provided. Polymerizable or nonpolymerizable liquid-crystalline compositions including one or more compounds including 2,6 -naphthyl radicals, and products and processes employing such compositions, are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of rylene derivatives of the general formula (I) as markers for liquids, where the symbols and indices have the meanings given in the specification.

Abstract: Phthalocyanines of the formula (I) where the symbols and indices each have the definitions specified in the description are suitable as markers for liquids, especially mineral oils.

Abstract: The use of compounds of the general formula (I) as markers for liquids, methods for detecting markers in liquids, methods for identifying liquids and selected compounds of the general formula (I).

Abstract: A method for detecting differences between physically measurable properties of a sample and a reference sample. A two-dimensional reference field is generated and first and second two-dimensional patterns are produced respectively from the reference sample and the sample. A correction is made to sample response functions to eliminate time-dependent and location-dependent fluctuations of the detector.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining the identity or non-identity of at least one chemical compound V? homogeneous y distributed in a medium, by a) exposing the medium containing at least one homogeneously distributed chemical compound V? to analysis radiation with a variable wavelength ?, and b) determining the spectral measurement function I?(?) with the aid of the absorbed, reflected, emitted and/or scattered radiation, wherein a correlation function K(??,c?,c) is determined according to Equation I K ? ( ? ? ? ? ? , c ? , c ) = 1 / N · ? - ? + ? ? I ? ? ( ? , c ? ) · I ? ( ? + ? ? ? ? ? , c ) ? ? ? ? ? ( I ) in which K(??,c?,c) denotes the correlation depending on the relative shift ?? of the functions I?(?,c?) and I(?,c) and the concentrations c? and c of the at least one chemical compound V? and V, c? denotes the concentration of the at least one chemical compound V? homogeneously distributed in the medium, with a

Abstract: The present invention relates to alkyne compounds of the formula I P1—Y1-A1-Y3-(T1-B1-)m-T3-C?C-T4-(B2-T2-)n-Y4-A2-Y2—P2 ??(I) in which P1, P2 are each, independently of one another, hydrogen, C1-C12-alkyl, a polymerizable group or a group suitable for polymerization or a radical which carries a polymerizable group or a group suitable for polymerization, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4 are each, independently of one another, a linking unit, B1, B2 are each, independently of one another, —C?C— or a linking group as defined for Y1 to Y4, A1, A2 are each, independently of one another, a single chemical bond or a spacer having from one to 30 carbon atoms, T1, T2, T3, T4 are each, independently of one another, a divalent saturated or unsaturated carbocyclic or heterocyclic radical, and m, n are each, independently of one another, 0 or 1, with the proviso that at least one of the linking units Y3 or Y4 is a group —O—CO—O—, —O—CO—N(R)—, —(R)N—CO—O— or —(R)N—CO—N(R)—.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing dye-comprising aqueous polymer dispersions by free-radical aqueous emulsion polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of free-radical initiators, in which at least some of the monomers are employed in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion E1 whose disperse phase comprises at least one oil-soluble dye, wherein the disperse phase of E1 is formed essentially of dye-comprising monomer droplets having a diameter<500 nm. The present invention relates in addition to dye-comprising formulations which comprise the dye-comprising polymers of the invention and to pigmented formulations which comprise a polymer of the invention comprising optical brightener.

Abstract: The invention relates to polyurethane block copolymers of general formula (I) to (IV), in which the variables are defined as follows: A represents a polyurethane block, which contains at least one hydrophilic group, B is a hydrophobic polyurethane block, X1, X2 are hydrophilic end groups and n is a whole number from 1 to 20. The invention also relates to the production of cross-linkable dispersion additives from the inventive polyurethane block copolymers and to the use of said cross-linkable dispersion additives for colorant preparations, in particular inks for ink-jet printing.

Abstract: Disclosed are bisazo compounds of the formula Ia or Ib where R1 is hydrogen or methyl, the X groups are independently —CH2CH2— or —CH2CH2CH2—, R2, R3, and R4 are independently hydrogen or methyl, A is an anion and n corresponds to the valency of A. Also disclosed are the use of the bisazo compounds for dyeing, especially paper, and colorants containing said bisazo compounds.

Abstract: A description is given of the use of naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic monoimides of the formula I in which R1 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl and R2 is a radical containing at least one ? electron system containing a carbon atom and at least one further atom selected from carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen, with the proviso that the radical contains at least one atom other than carbon; to protect organic material from the damaging effects of light, of compositions which comprise at least one naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic monoimide of the formula I in an amount which provides protection from the damaging effects of light, and at least one organic material, and of new naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic monoimides I.

Abstract: Described is a process for preparing polymer-enrobed pigment particles, which comprises mixing in the presence of finely dispersed pigment particles a solution of a polymer in a first solvent with a second solvent in which the polymer is substantially insoluble. The pigment particle can be specifically modified by judicious selection of the polymer.

Abstract: Azoxy dyes of the general formula I in the form of the free acid where n is 0 or 1, each R1 is selected from the group consisting of methoxy, hydroxyl and carboxyl, each R2 is selected from the group consisting of carboxyl, amino, C1-C4-alkylamino, allylamino, benzylamino and methoxycarbonylmethylamino, and the phenyl rings A may additionally be substituted by C1-C8-alkyl, unsubstituted or methyl- or halogen-substituted phenyl, hydroxyl, amino, nitro, halogen, carboxyl, N-benzylcarbamoyl, unsubstituted or nitro-, halogen-, C1-C4-alkoxy- or acetoxy-substituted phenylcarbamoyl and naphthylcarbamoyl or be benzofused, their copper complexes, a process for preparing the copper complex dyes, azoxy dyes of the formula I in their partially or completely deacylated form, their copper complexes, colorants comprising these azoxy dyes and/or their copper complexes and also their use for dyeing and printing natural or synthetic substrates.

Abstract: Pigment preparations comprising A) at least one organic or inorganic pigment and B) at least one ethoxylated and propoxylated and/or butoxylated polyethyleneimine.

Abstract: The invention relates to colorant preparations containing the following main constituents: A) at least one dispersed (A1) or dissolved (A2) colorant; B) if a colorant corresponding to (A1) is used, a dispersing agent; C) a low-molecular polytetrahydurofurane (C1), optionally mixed with one or more difficult-to-evaporate, water-soluble or water-miscible organic solvents (C2); and D) water.

Abstract: Azoxy dyes of the general formula I in the form of the free acid where n is 0 or 1, each R1 is selected from the group consisting of methoxy, hydroxyl and carboxyl, each R2 is selected from the group consisting of carboxyl, amino, C1-C4-alkylamino, allylamino, benzylamino and methoxycarbonylmethylamino, and the phenyl rings A may additionally be substituted by C1-C8-alkyl, unsubstituted or methyl- or halogen-substituted phenyl, hydroxyl, amino, nitro, halogen, carboxyl, N-benzylcarbamoyl, unsubstituted or nitro-, halogen-, C1-C4-alkoxy- or acetoxy-substituted phenylcarbamoyl and naphthylcarbamoyl or be benzofused, their copper complexes, a process for preparing the copper complex dyes, azoxy dyes of the formula I in their partially or completely deacylated form, their copper complexes, colorants comprising these azoxy dyes and/or their copper complexes and also their use for dyeing and printing natural or synthetic substrates.