Abstract: In a method for generating a physical layer (PHY) data unit for transmission via a communication channel, the PHY data unit is generated according to a first PHY format when the PHY data unit is to be transmitted in a regular mode, wherein the first PHY format corresponds to a first bandwidth. The PHY data unit is generated according to a second PHY format when the PHY data unit is to be transmitted in an extended range mode, wherein the second PHY format corresponds to a second bandwidth. A preamble of the PHY data unit is modulated such that a receiving device can auto-detect whether the PHY data unit was transmitted at the first bandwidth or the second bandwidth.

Abstract: A method includes receiving data units each having a preamble with first and second preamble portions, detecting symbol constellation rotations of OFDM symbols in the first preamble portions, and determining, based on the detected rotations, whether the preambles conform to a first format. The method also includes, when it is determined that a preamble conforms to the first format, processing the second preamble portion according to the first format, and, when it is determined that a preamble does not conform to the first format, (i) determining whether information bits in the first preamble portion indicate a single- or multi-user data unit, (ii) when it is determined that the information bits indicate a single-user data unit, processing the second preamble portion according to a second format, and (iii) when it is determined that the information bits indicate a multi-user data unit, processing the second preamble portion according to a third format.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide a method for sharing power load in a network. The method includes identifying a first device to serve as an AP of the network in a next time interval, providing network information from a second device that presently serves as the AP to the first device. When the first device starts to serve as the AP of the network, the second device can be configured to enter into a power save state in order to reduce power consumption by the second device in the next time interval.

Abstract: A system including an association module to associate a client station with an access point via a first or a second channel based on a distance of the client station from the access point. The first channel is a television white space channel. The second channel is in 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz band. A channel selection module switches a connection of the client station to the access point between the first and second channels based on the distance of the client station from the access point, a state of the connection of the client station to the access point, and a quality of service requirement of the client station. A routing module routes first and second types of data from the client station to the access point respectively via the first and second channels. A combining module combines data received by the client station via the first and second channels.

Abstract: A client station including a transceiver module, a scanning module, and an association module. The transceiver module is configured to transmit and receive data via a frequency band, where the frequency band includes a plurality of channels. The scanning module is configured to simultaneously scan multiple channels of the frequency band at the same time instead of scanning the plurality of channels of the frequency band one channel at a time, and to determine whether one or more access points are available for association in one or more of the multiple channels. The association module is configured to, in response to the scanning module determining that one or more access points are available for association, determine whether to associate with one of the one or more access points determined to be available for association.

Abstract: A receiver including a physical layer module and a processing module. The physical layer module is configured to receive a packet via a medium. The packet includes a first preamble followed by a second preamble. The first preamble is generated based on a first data rate. The second preamble is generated based on a second data rate. Each of the first preamble and the second preamble includes a duration of the packet. The processing module is configured to process (i) the first preamble in response to the receiver operating at the first data rate or (ii) the second preamble in response to the receiver operating at the second data rate. The processing module is configured to determine whether to defer accessing the medium for the duration of the packet based on the processing of the first preamble or the second preamble.

Abstract: A method in a communication network including a communication channel includes generating a first message, where the first message includes a field indicative of a direction along which a quality of the communication channel is to be measured, causing the first message to be transmitted to a target device, and receiving a second message responsive to the first message, where the second message includes at least one channel quality metric.

Abstract: In a method for generating a physical layer (PHY) data unit for transmission via a communication channel, information bits to be included in the PHY data unit are encoded using a forward error correction (FEC) encoder. Also, the information bits are encoded according to a block coding scheme, where m copies of each bit are included in the information bits, and one or more bits in the m copies of each bit are flipped. The information bits are mapped to a plurality of constellation symbols, and a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols are generated to include the plurality of constellation symbols. The PHY data unit is generated to include the plurality of OFDM symbols.

Abstract: An access point including a transceiver having first and second physical layers to communicate at first and second data rates, respectively. The transceiver receives a request from a first client station to reserve first or second sub-channel of a channel for transmitting data at the first or second data rate. In response to receiving the request from the first client station, the transceiver transmits a response to allow the first client station to transmit data and prevent a second client station from transmitting data while the first client station transmits data to the access point. In response to the first client station receiving the response, the first physical layer receives data from the first client station without interference from the second client station.

Abstract: Training data for a first training session is generated to include a first data unit, the first data unit having a field that specifies a first number of beamforming training data units that can be communicated during a second training session to occur after the first training session. The training data including the first data unit is transmitted to a second device during the first training session. A second data unit received from the second device is processed to determine whether a request for the second device to participate in the second training session was accepted by the second device based on a first field of the second data unit. In response to determining that the request to participate in the second training session was accepted by the second device, the first number of beamforming training data units are transmitted during the second training session.

Abstract: An access point device selects a group of two or more transceivers from a plurality of transceivers for simultaneous transmission of respective data to the access point device. The group of transceivers is selected so that respective power levels of signals received, at the access point device, from any two transceivers in the group of transceivers differ by no more than a predetermined amount. An indication of assignment to the group of transceivers is transmitted to each transceiver in the group of transceivers. The access point device receives the respective data from each transceiver in the group of transceivers simultaneously via a shared wireless communication channel.

Abstract: A coexistence system including first and second transceiver modules and an arbitration module. The first transceiver module generates a first request signal and operates according to a first wireless communication standard. The first request signal requests transmission or reception for the first transceiver module. The second transceiver module generates a second request signal and an overlap signal and operates according to a second wireless communication standard. The second request signal requests permission for the second transceiver module to transmit or receive. The overlap signal indicates whether desensitization is expected of a frequency of the first transceiver module or a frequency of the second transceiver module. The arbitration module (i) based on the overlap signal, arbitrates the first and second request signals, and (ii) based on the arbitration of the first and second request signals, selectively connect antennas to the first and second transceiver modules in one multiple configurations.

Abstract: In a method for generating a preamble of a data unit for transmission via a communication channel, an indication of a first number of spatial or space-time streams is included in a first field of the preamble. The first number of spatial or space-time streams corresponds to transmission of the data unit to a first receiver. One or more training sequences are included in a second field of the preamble. The preamble is formatted such that the first field of the preamble will be transmitted prior to the second field of the preamble being transmitted.

Abstract: A system includes a medium access control device receiving data for N of M stations transmitted from an access point to the N stations. A multicast module determines whether the received data includes first data, and to which grouping(s) of the M stations the access point is to transmit the first data. A unicast module determines whether the received data includes second data, and to which ones of the N stations the access point is to transmit the second data. A bitmap module generates a PVB including a first identifier for the grouping(s) of the M stations and second identifiers for the ones of the N stations. A segmentation module generates segmentation information indicating whether to divide the PVB into fragments. A message control module transmits a TIM indicating bit states of the first identifier and the second identifiers to ones of the N stations based on the segmentation information.

Abstract: In a method for detecting, at a first communication device, a clock rate of a physical layer (PHY) data unit, the PHY data unit is received, at the first communication device, from a second communication device via a communication channel. The PHY data unit includes (i) a first portion and (ii) a second portion following the first portion. At the first communication device, the first portion of the PHY data unit is processed. Processing the first portion of the PHY data unit includes performing one or more autocorrelations to generate one or more respective autocorrelation outputs. At the first communication device and based on at least one of the one or more autocorrelation outputs, a clock rate of the second portion of the PHY data unit is determined.

Abstract: In a method for generating a physical layer (PHY) data unit for transmission via a communication channel, information bits to be included in the PHY data unit are encoded using a forward error correction (FEC) encoder. The information bits are mapped to a constellation symbols. Additionally, either the information bits are encoded according to a block coding scheme, or the constellation symbols are encoded according to the block coding scheme. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols are generated to include the constellation symbols and the PHY data unit is generated to include the OFDM symbols.

Abstract: In a method for generating a data unit conforming to a first communication protocol, a first field and a second field to be included in a preamble of the data unit are generated. The first field includes a first set of one or more information bits that indicate a duration of the data unit and is formatted such that the first field allows a receiver device that conforms to a second communication protocol to determine the duration of the data unit. The second field includes a second set of one or more information bits that indicate to a receiver device that conforms to the first communication protocol that the data unit conforms to the first communication protocol. The first field and the second field are modulated using a modulation scheme specified for a field corresponding to the first field and the second field, respectively, by the second communication protocol.

Abstract: Systems and techniques relating to wireless communications are described. A described technique includes obtaining data for transmission to a wireless communication device, the device being configured to process incoming transmissions based on an aggregate data unit format that specifies signaling for aggregating multiple medium access control (MAC) protocol data units (MPDUs); generating, based on the data and the aggregate data unit format, an aggregate MPDU (A-MPDU) that includes a single MPDU having a length greater than zero, the single MPDU residing in a subframe of the A-MPDU; setting a delimiter of the subframe to indicate that the single MPDU is the only MPDU within the A-MPDU that has a length greater than zero, and to cause the device to accept the A-MPDU without a corresponding block acknowledgement agreement; including, in a physical (PHY) frame, the A-MPDU; and transmitting the PHY frame to the device.

Abstract: A wireless communications device capable of operating according to a WLAN communications protocol, and capable of communicating in a mesh network. The wireless communications device may be configured to generate a mesh network data packet. The device may encapsulate the mesh network data packet in a WLAN data frame. The data frame may be constructed such that it is capable of being received and accurately decoded by WLAN-capable devices with which the wireless communications device has not established a WLAN communications connection. The device may then transmit the WLAN data frame.

Abstract: Apparatus having corresponding methods and computer-readable media comprise: a receiver configured to receive a wireless signal transmitted by an access point, wherein the wireless signal includes one or more transmit beamforming parameters used by the access point to transmit the wireless signal; wherein a location of the apparatus is determinable based, at least in part, on i) the one or more transmit beamforming parameters included in the wireless signal, and ii) a location of the access point.