Abstract: Method and apparatus of forming a flex circuit to a three dimensional shape using pressurized airflow. In one embodiment, pressurized airflow creates an air flow between the forming fixture and the flex circuit which avoids or mitigates problems that arise during traditional methods of shaping the forming fixture. An air flow allows an even distribution of pressure that can more evenly shape the flex circuit to a desired shape. An air flow between the forming fixture and the flex circuit distributes pressure evenly.

Abstract: A reactor including a vertically oriented vessel with a gas inlet port, a distributor, a feedstock port, and a microwave generator. The reactor is designed to process a carbon feedstock to produce hydrogen gas and a hydrogen deficient carbon product, utilizing a fluidized bed provided with microwave energy. Also disclosed are methods of converting a carbon feedstock, particularly a solid carbon feedstock, into hydrogen gas and a hydrogen deficient carbon product, preferably including carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: A laser sensor module includes a laser diode configured emit a laser beam, an electrical driver configured to supply the laser diode with a driving current to stimulate emission of the laser beam, a detector, and an optical arrangement configured to focus the laser beam to a focus region. The laser diode is arranged to emit the laser beam through the optical arrangement to the focus region. The optical arrangement comprises an emission window. The detector is arranged to determine an interference signal. The laser sensor module comprises a soiling detection unit configured to vary a wavelength of the laser beam with a variation amplitude over a predetermined time period to provide a soiling detection signal indicative of a soiling of the emission window based on an interference signal during the wavelength variation of the laser beam.

Abstract: A method for determining a particle distribution in a particle stream (10) using a laser apparatus (12) which has a semiconductor laser (14) that emits a laser light (16) having an inhomogeneous intensity profile (30), characterised by receiving a light reflection (20) of the laser light (16) generated at particles (18) of the particle stream (10), an evaluation unit (22) connected to the laser apparatus (12) evaluating a reflection signal generated by the light reflection (20) in respect of a frequency distribution of signal strength values which is generated on the basis of the intensity profile (30) when the particles (18) penetrate the laser light (16), a processor unit determining the particle diameters of the individual particles on the basis of the signal strength values, carrying out a diameter correction of at least some of the determined particle diameters on the basis of the sensitivity of the laser apparatus, creating a diameter list of the frequency distribution of the particle diameters, carr

Abstract: A semiconductor wafer is processed by grinding the semiconductor wafer so as to remove material using a grinding tool while delivering a coolant into a contact region between the rotating semiconductor wafer and the grinding tool. The grinding tool has grinding teeth having a height. While grinding, first and second coolant flow rates are respectively applied onto first and second regions on one side of the semiconductor wafer by one or more nozzles. The first region is bounded by a lower right quadrant of the semiconductor wafer and the second region is bounded by a lower left quadrant. A ratio of the first coolant flow rate and a sum of the first coolant flow rate and the second coolant flow rate is no more than 35% and no less than 25%.

Abstract: A method reduces false-positive particle counts detected by an interference particle sensor module, which has a laser and a light detector. The method including: emitting laser light; providing a high-frequency signal during the emission of the laser light, a modulation frequency of the high-frequency signal being between 10-500 MHz; detecting an optical response by the light detector in reaction to the emitted laser light while providing the high-frequency signal, which is arranged such that a detection signal caused by a macroscopic object positioned between a first and second distance is reduced in comparison to a detection signal caused by the macroscopic object at the same position without providing the high-frequency signal. The high-frequency signal is provided to a tuning structure of the particle sensor module which is arranged to modify a resonance frequency of an optical resonator comprised by the laser sensor module upon reception of the high-frequency signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new use of compounds that are angiotensin II (Ang II) agonists, more particularly agonists of the Ang II type 2 receptor (the AT2 receptor), and especially agonists that bind selectively to the AT2 receptor, for the prevention or treatment of muscular dystrophy or complications associated with muscular dystrophy.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining the absolute value of the flow velocity (v) of a particle-transporting medium. At least two measurement laser beams (L_i) with linearly independent, non-orthogonal measurement directions (b_i) are emitted. The measurement laser beams (L_i) scattered at particles are detected and one measurement signal (m_i) is generated in each case for each measurement laser beam (L_i).

Abstract: A treatment system and process includes a ribbon beam ion source that is configured to implant ions into a product to modify a portion of the product; multiple means of controlling the temperature of the product; the means including radiative conduction, gas conduction to a heatsink by means of a gas cushion, adjustment of the ion beam density at the product, adjustment of the ion beam intensity at the product and ion beam acceleration parameters, and adjustment of the ion dose to the product b; and a product movement system configured to move the product through the treatment system past the ribbon beam ion source. The treatment system further includes a system controller configured to control at least one the following: the gas cushion system, the ribbon beam ion source, the temperature control system, the heatsink, and the product movement system.

Abstract: A laser sensor module includes a laser diode configured emit a laser beam, an electrical driver configured to supply the laser diode with a driving current to stimulate emission of the laser beam, a detector, and an optical arrangement configured to focus the laser beam to a focus region. The laser diode is arranged to emit the laser beam through the optical arrangement to the focus region. The optical arrangement comprises an emission window. The detector is arranged to determine an interference signal. The laser sensor module comprises a soiling detection unit configured to vary a wavelength of the laser beam with a variation amplitude over a predetermined time period to provide a soiling detection signal indicative of a soiling of the emission window based on an interference signal during the wavelength variation of the laser beam.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to a method for creating a secure volume. A method includes adhering a flexible circuit to a surface of an enclosure. A first portion of the flexible circuit extends outward from the perimeter of the enclosure. A second portion of the flexible circuit is adhered to the center portion of the enclosure. Pressure is applied to the flexible circuit to ensure that it is affixed to the enclosure. The flexible circuit and the enclosure are then subjected to an annealing temperature. The duration and temperature are based on the adhesive and flexible circuit material. The extended portion of the flexible circuit is coated with an adhesive and folded over the second portion of the flexible circuit. Pressure is applied to the folded flexible circuit. The folded flexible circuit is then subjected to an annealing temperature.

Abstract: A method reduces false-positive particle counts detected by an interference particle sensor module, which has a laser and a light detector. The method including: emitting laser light; providing a high-frequency signal during the emission of the laser light, a modulation frequency of the high-frequency signal being between 10-500 MHz; detecting an optical response by the light detector in reaction to the emitted laser light while providing the high-frequency signal, which is arranged such that a detection signal caused by a macroscopic object positioned between a first and second distance is reduced in comparison to a detection signal caused by the macroscopic object at the same position without providing the high-frequency signal. The high-frequency signal is provided to a tuning structure of the particle sensor module which is arranged to modify a resonance frequency of an optical resonator comprised by the laser sensor module upon reception of the high-frequency signal.

Abstract: An optical particle sensor device comprises an optical emitter device for emitting a multitude of measurement laser beams; a detector device for detecting the measurement laser beams scattered on particles in the vicinity of the optical particle sensor device and for generating a single measuring signal assigned to this for each measurement laser beam; and an evaluation device for determining at least one estimated particle value for the number of particles per volume using at least one single measurement signal, wherein the evaluation device determines at least two estimated particle values for the number of particles per volume, which are based on at least partially different single measurement signals and/or a different number of single measurement signals, and on the basis of at least part of the estimated particle values, determines at least one output value for the particle load.

Abstract: A process for deforming a flex circuit using a fixture assembly including a base plate having a recess, a wrinkle reducer plate, a stiffening block and a punch. The process including heating the fixture assembly; applying a force to the punch deforming the flex circuit into the recess in the base plate; holding the punch in contact with the flex circuit while heating the fixture assembly; cooling the fixture assembly with the punch in contact with the flex circuit; subsequent to cooling the fixture assembly, removing the force of the punch; and removing the flex circuit from the fixture assembly. The flex circuit having a recessed portion resulting from deforming the flex circuit into the recess in the base plate and a flat portion surrounding the recessed portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new use of compounds that are angiotensin II (Ang II) agonists, more particularly agonists of the Ang II type 2 receptor (the AT2 receptor), and especially agonists that bind selectively to the AT2 receptor, for the prevention or treatment of muscular dystrophy or complications associated with muscular dystrophy.

Abstract: A system for determining a particle contamination and a method for determining a particle contamination in a measurement environment is provided in which individual particles in the measurement environment are detected (S1), wherein a) an estimate of the number of particles per volume in the measurement environment is ascertained (S2), b) an estimate of the number of particles per volume and characterization information describing the particle source in the measurement information are taken as a basis for ascertaining an output value for the particle contamination in the measurement environment (S3), and c) context-related data are made available and the characterization information is estimated on the basis of the available context-related data (S4).

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are directed to a method for creating a secure volume. A method includes adhering a flexible circuit to a surface of an enclosure. A first portion of the flexible circuit extends outward from the perimeter of the enclosure. A second portion of the flexible circuit is adhered to the center portion of the enclosure. Pressure is applied to the flexible circuit to ensure that it is affixed to the enclosure. The flexible circuit and the enclosure are then subjected to an annealing temperature. The duration and temperature are based on the adhesive and flexible circuit material. The extended portion of the flexible circuit is coated with an adhesive and folded over the second portion of the flexible circuit. Pressure is applied to the folded flexible circuit. The folded flexible circuit is then subjected to an annealing temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining the absolute value of the flow velocity (v) of a particle-transporting medium. At least two measurement laser beams (L_i) with linearly independent, non-orthogonal measurement directions (b_i) are emitted. The measurement laser beams (L_i) scattered at particles are detected and one measurement signal (m_i) is generated in each case for each measurement laser beam (L_i).

Abstract: A process for deforming a flex circuit using a fixture assembly including a base plate having a recess, a wrinkle reducer plate, a stiffening block and a punch. The process including heating the fixture assembly; applying a force to the punch deforming the flex circuit into the recess in the base plate; holding the punch in contact with the flex circuit while heating the fixture assembly; cooling the fixture assembly with the punch in contact with the flex circuit; subsequent to cooling the fixture assembly, removing the force of the punch; and removing the flex circuit from the fixture assembly. The flex circuit having a recessed portion resulting from deforming the flex circuit into the recess in the base plate and a flat portion surrounding the recessed portion.