Abstract: Time-reversal filtering may be used to temporally focus a signal to be transmitted. Power can be reduced at the transmitter so that the temporally focused signal is within spectral mask requirements. In one embodiment, the effect of the time-reversal filter on the power spectral density for a particular transmitted signal can be calculated and the predicted power spectral density can be compared to the permitted spectral mask to identify violations, if any, of the spectral mask. The transmitter power can then be reduced by the amount of the violation. In another embodiment, a set of different time-reversal filters that meet the spectral mask requirements can be provided in advance, and the most appropriate filter—e.g., the one with the best signal-to-noise ratio for the particular signal—can be chosen from the set of filters.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed to process a received single stream communication signal and/or a multiple stream communication. A communications receiver is configured to receive the received communication signal. A communications receiver determines whether the received communication signal includes a single stream communication signal or a multiple stream communication signal. The communications receiver determines whether a received communication signal complies with a known single stream communications standard. The communications receiver determines whether the received communication signal complies with a known multiple stream communications standard. The communications receiver decodes the received communication signal according to the known single stream communications standard upon determining the received communication includes the signal single stream communication signal.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC) cell may include first and second semiconductor regions, and parallel electrically conductive lines extending above the first and second semiconductor regions. The IC cell may further include electrically conductive line contacts electrically connected to the parallel electrically conductive lines, and may include at least one first line contact between the first semiconductor region and a corresponding end of the IC cell, and at least one second line contact between the first semiconductor region and the second semiconductor region. Adjacent ones of the electrically conductive lines may be respectively coupled to one of the at least one first line contact and to one of the at least one second line contact.

Abstract: A method of creating an application aware snapshot comprises a host system receiving a request for a snapshot, and the host system sending a SCSI snapshot command directly to a disk controller without requiring a disk controller-specific provider to be installed on the host system. The disk controller then receives the SCSI snapshot command and creates the snapshot in response to receiving the SCSI command, wherein the snapshot is created in accordance with logic contained within the disk controller without requiring a disk controller-specific provider to be installed on the host system. Using the SCSI snapshot command facilitates a plurality of host systems being able to send a SCSI snapshot command directly to a disk controller without requiring a disk controller-specific provider to be installed on each of the plurality of host systems.

Abstract: A method of reducing glare may include sensing a first light source with a second vehicle, and sensing a second light source with a first vehicle and oscillating a first light source ICF between a substantially opaque state and a substantially clear state on a first schedule. A second windscreen ICF may be oscillating between the substantially opaque state and the substantially clear state on a second schedule different from the first schedule. A position of the light source may be sensed and an eye position of the occupant estimated. An intersecting region of the selectively-darkenable ICF, which is located substantially along a line from the position of the light source to the eye position, is calculated. The intersecting region of the ICF is darkened, such that a reduced amount of light from the light source passes through the intersecting region.

Abstract: A four stroke internal combustion includes at least one cylinder and at least one intake valve associated with the cylinder. The intake valve is configured to open and close over a predetermined range of crankshaft rotation in accordance with a Miller thermodynamic cycle. An electronic controller receives at least one input signal indicative of an amount of air and/or an amount of air/fuel mixture in cylinder. The electronic controller is configured to provide a timing phase signal that operates to adjust a timing of operation of the intake valve based on the input signal(s) such that a torque output of the engine is maintained substantially constant over a predetermined range of engine speed by shifting the predetermined range of crankshaft rotation.

Abstract: Semiconductor transistor devices and related fabrication methods are provided. An exemplary transistor device includes a layer of semiconductor material having a channel region defined therein and a gate structure overlying the channel region. Recesses are formed in the layer of semiconductor material adjacent to the channel region, such that the recesses extend asymmetrically toward the channel region. The transistor device also includes stress-inducing semiconductor material formed in the recesses. The asymmetric profile of the stress-inducing semiconductor material enhances carrier mobility in a manner that does not exacerbate the short channel effect.

Abstract: Methods, devices, systems and for record storage in an automatically selected database are provided. In one aspect, a device is provided that has a calendar application and a plurality of record storage databases. The device is configured to examine characteristics of received electronic data representing details for calendar event records, and to automatically select one of said plurality of record storage databases based on a comparison of the characteristics with a set of criteria.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention generally provide a high efficiency solar cell using a novel processing sequence to form a solar cell device. In one embodiment, the methods include forming one or more layers on a backside of a solar cell substrate prior to the texturing process to prevent attack of the backside surface of the substrate. In one embodiment, the one or more layers are a metalized backside contact structure that is formed on the backside of the solar cell substrate. In another embodiment, the one or more layers are a chemical resistant dielectric layer that is formed over the backside of the solar cell substrate.

Abstract: A wireless device automatically detects the redirection of its internet access via a wireless hotspot network. An algorithm in the device provides the flexibility to detect either or both of DNS redirection and HTTP redirection, as well as to automatically accommodate such internet redirection. The algorithm allows a wireless device user to be alerted and account for internet redirection when such internet redirection is automatically detected upon entering service via a hotspot. Alternatively, the wireless device may attempt to automatically meet the hotspot requirements and complete the internet access through the hotspot.

Abstract: A parameterized interleaver design process is provided, which optimizes the design for interleavers of any size, and can be completely specified using only a few design parameters. According to the parameterized interleaver design process an interleaver ?(i) of a length N is generated. A number of subpermutation masks are defined, and a first intermediate interleaver permutation is partitioned into a number of subgroups, wherein the number of subgroups corresponds with the number of subpermutation masks. Each of the subgroups of the first intermediate interleaver permutation is partitioned into a number of further subgroups, and each of the subpermutation masks is applied to each of the further subgroups of a corresponding subgroup of the first intermediate interleaver permutation, resulting in a corresponding portion of a second intermediate interleaver permutation. The resulting interleaver ?(i) is generated based at least in part on the first and second intermediate interleaver permutations.

Abstract: The present application provides a rotor coupling guard for use with removing a flow of air about a rotor coupling of a turbo-machine. The rotor coupling guard may include an inner cover with a number of apertures surrounding the rotor coupling and an outer cover surrounding the inner cover. Rotation of the rotor coupling forces the flow of air through the apertures in the inner cover and away from the rotor coupling.

Abstract: Improved semiconductor devices including metal gate electrodes are formed with reduced performance variability by reducing the initial high dopant concentration at the top portion of the silicon layer overlying the metal layer. Embodiments include reducing the dopant concentration in the upper portion of the silicon layer, by implanting a counter-dopant into the upper portion of the silicon layer, removing the high dopant concentration portion and replacing it with undoped or lightly doped silicon, and applying a gettering agent to the upper surface of the silicon layer to form a thin layer with the gettered dopant, which layer can be removed or retained.

Abstract: In a technique for publishing keywords for use in an online advertising system (OAS), keywords are extracted from product information that is received from entities that provide products. Based on calculated performance metrics associated with the extracted keywords, an estimated viability of the keywords (such as an estimated profitability) when used in the OAS is determined and a subset of the keywords is selected. Then, the selected subset of the keywords is published to the OAS. For example, the selected keywords may be bid on for use in search-engine-based online-advertising campaigns. Note that the performance metrics for a given keyword may include: a performance metric that is independent of the product information, a performance metric that is based on the product information, and/or an OAS performance metric.

Abstract: A method and workstation for evaluation of an orthodontic treatment plan for a patient. The workstation is based on a computing platform having a graphical user interface, a processor and a computer storage medium containing digitized records pertaining to a patient including image data (3D image data and/or 2D image data). The workstation further includes a set of software instructions providing graphical user interface tools by which the user can create a proposed treatment plan (proposed position of the teeth at the end of treatment) in three dimensions. The workstation also provides tools for evaluation of the proposed treatment plan.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for directing radiated energy from a transmitting device towards a receiving device using multiple antennas. Channel weights, representing signal attenuation and a phase rotation induced by a transmission medium, are determined at a transmitting device. A set of steering weights are determined based on applying an iterative linear transform to an initial value of the steering weights, where the linear transform depends on the determined channel weights. A final value of the steering weights is applied to an input signal to produce a transmit signal, and the transmit signal is transmitted using multiple antennas.

Abstract: Fault tolerance is provided in a distributed system. The complexity of replicas and rollback requests are avoided; instead, a local failure in a component of a distributed system is tolerated. The local failure is tolerated by storing state related to a requested operation on the component, persisting that stored state in a data store, such as a relational database, asynchronously processing the operation request, and if a failure occurs, restarting the component using the stored state from the data store.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices with high-K/metal gates are formed with spacers that are substantially resistant to subsequent etching to remove an overlying spacer, thereby avoiding replacement and increasing manufacturing throughput. Embodiments include forming a high-K/metal gate, having an upper surface and side surfaces, over a substrate, e.g., a SOI substrate, and sequentially forming, on the side surfaces of the high-K/metal gate, a first spacer of a non-oxide material, a second spacer, of a material different from that of the first spacer, and a third spacer, of a material different from that of the second spacer. After formation of source and drain regions, e.g., epitaxially grown silicon-germanium, the third spacer is etched with an etchant, such as hot phosphoric acid, to which the second spacer is substantially resistant, thereby avoiding replacement.

Abstract: Methods and a non-transient computer medium embodying computer readable code for extracting bulk spectroscopic properties of a particle. A forward model is built of an optical field focused on, and interacting with, the particle, where the forward model parameterized in terms of at least one geometrical characteristic of the particle. The particle, which may be a filamentary material, is illuminated with an incident optical field having a spectral range. Either a transmitted or scattered optical field is detected in a far-field zone as a function of wavenumber to obtain a measured spectrum. The measured spectrum is inverted to recover the imaginary part of the complex refractive index of the particle.

Abstract: Optical interconnect systems and methods are disclosed. An optical interconnect system includes a substrate, a first waveguide, and a free-space coupling structure. The first waveguide is disposed on the substrate. The free-space coupling structure is adjacent the first waveguide. The free-space coupling structure redirects light propagating through the first waveguide in a first direction out of the first waveguide in a second direction different from the first direction. An optical interconnect method comprises transmitting light through a first waveguide in a first direction; and redirecting the light out of the first waveguide in a second direction different from the first direction with a free-space coupling structure disposed in the first waveguide.