Abstract: A circuit arrangement, an electrochemical sensor, a sensor arrangement, and a method for processing a current signal provided by a sensor electrode are disclosed. The circuit arrangement includes a sensor electrode, a first circuit unit, electrically coupled to the sensor electrode and a second circuit unit, including a first capacitor, whereby the first circuit arrangement is embodied to hold the electrical potential of the sensor electrode in a given first reference range about a set electrical potential and, when the sensor electrode potential falls outside the first reference range, the first capacitor and the sensor electrode are coupled such that a matching of the electrical potentials is possible. The second circuit unit is embodied such that, when the electrical potential of the first capacitor falls outside a second reference range, this event is detected and the first capacitor brought to a first electrical reference potential.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an integrated circuit includes a memory array having a plurality of capacitors for storing data of an initial state in the memory array in an initial state. The integrated circuit also includes circuitry for occasionally inverting the data stored by the plurality of capacitors and tracking whether the current state of the data stored by the plurality of capacitors corresponds to the initial state. The circuitry inverts the data read out of the memory array during a read operation when the current state of the data does not correspond to the initial state.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electronic component that can be operated by means of an alternating voltage. Said component includes at least one input, at least one output and a pair of electronic sub-components with an identical function. The input(s) of the electronic component is/are coupled to a respective input of the electronic sub-components with an identical function and the output(s) of the electronic component is/are coupled to a respective output of said electronic sub-components. In addition, the electronic component is configured in such a way that at least one output only one output signal of the first sub-component of the pair of functionally identical electronic components can be picked up during a first half-wave of an alternating voltage, whereas only one output signal of the second sub-component of the pair of functionally identical electronic can be picked up during the second half-wave of the alternating voltage.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring neural network activity with a textured semiconductor substrate. Sensor elements have a respective detection electrode on the substrate surface for detecting neural network signals, and the detected neural signals are a basis for outputting electrical sensor output signals via respective sensor element outputs. Each amplifier element has an input and an output. Each of the sensor elements has associated therewith one of the amplifier elements whose input is connected to the sensor output of the respective sensor element. The amplified sensor output signal is output the amplifier output as an amplifier output signal. An activity evaluator has an input, which is connected to at least one of the amplifier outputs, and an output. The activity evaluation device produces an activity signal, which is a measure of activity of the neural network, based on the amplifier output signal, and outputs the amplifier output signal via the evaluation output.

Abstract: Sensor arrangement having capture molecules immobilized on any of three sensor electrodes, wherein molecules to be detected can hybridize with the capture molecules; a control circuit for applying a first electrical signal to a selected sensor electrode and simultaneously applying a second electrical signal to at least two of the other sensor electrodes; a detection device, wherein in a first operating state a reference liquid is introduced into the sensor arrangement and a reference value of an electrical signal is detected at the selected sensor electrode, and in a second operating state an analyte possibly having molecules to be detected is introduced into the sensor arrangement and a sensor value of the electrical signal is detected at the selected sensor electrode; and an evaluation circuit, which, on the basis of the reference value and the sensor value, determines whether a hybridization event has taken place at the selected sensor electrode.

Abstract: Noise-reducing transistor arrangement having first and second field effect transistors (FETs) having source terminals coupled together, drain terminals coupled together, and control terminals for application of a first or second signal. A clock generator unit is configured to provide the first and second signals alternately to the FETs with an alternating frequency which is at least as great as the cut-off frequency of the noise characteristic of the FETs, or with a reciprocal alternating frequency which is less than a mean lifetime of an occupation state of a defect in the boundary region between channel region and gate insulating layer of the FETs. The first signal is applied to the control terminal of the first FET and, simultaneously, the second signal to the control terminal of the second FET. The second signal is applied to the control terminal of the first FET and, simultaneously, the first signal to the control terminal of the second FET.

Abstract: The transistor arrangement contains a first and a second field effect transistor comprising a first and a second source drain connection and a control connection for applying a first or a second signal. The two field effect transistors are of the same conductive type. The transistor arrangement is configured in such a manner that the first signal can be applied in an alternating manner to the control connection of the first field effect transistor and the second signal can be applied in a simultaneous manner to the control connection of the second field effect transistor, and/or the second signal can be applied to the control connection of the first field effect transistor and the first signal can be applied simultaneously to the control connection of the second field effect transistor.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement includes a nonvolatile memory cell having a continuously variable characteristic that can be read out. A programming unit is coupled to the memory cell and designed to apply an analog signal to the memory cell in order to vary the characteristic, if the characteristic lies within a predetermined range of values, in such a way that the characteristic lies outside the predetermined range of values. A supply voltage unit is provided for providing a supply voltage. A changeover unit is coupled to the supply voltage unit and to the programming unit and designed to trigger the application of the analog signal to the memory cell if the supply voltage is interrupted.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an integrated circuit includes a memory array having a plurality of capacitors for storing data of an initial state in the memory array in an initial state. The integrated circuit also includes circuitry for occasionally inverting the data stored by the plurality of capacitors and tracking whether the current state of the data stored by the plurality of capacitors corresponds to the initial state. The circuitry inverts the data read out of the memory array during a read operation when the current state of the data does not correspond to the initial state.

Abstract: A planar-sensor arrangement is disclosed, which is used to detect particles possibly contained in an analyte. The sensor element includes a substrate, a first planar-sensor electrode and a second planar-sensor electrode which are formed on and/or in the substrate and whereon catcher molecules can be immobilized. The first sensor-electrode and the second sensor-electrode are divided, respectively, into a plurality of planar sensor-electrode partial areas. The sensor electrode partial areas of the first sensor electrode and the sensor electrode partial areas of the second sensor electrode are arranged in an alternating manner in two dimensions on the surface plane of the substrate. The sensor element also includes a wiring structure by which at least one part of the sensor electrode partial areas of the first sensor electrode are electrically coupled together, and by which at least one part of the sensor-electrode partial areas of the second sensor electrode are electrically coupled together.

Abstract: A sensor arrangement and method of operating the sensor arrangement are described. The sensor arrangement has sensor devices formed on or in a substrate and a calibration device for calibrating a respective sensor device. Each sensor device has an electrical signal converter which is a field-effect transistor (FET) having a gate terminal coupled to a sensor element that is coupled to the signal converter, a device that keeps constant the electrical voltage between source and drain terminals of the FET, and a device for detecting the value of the electric current flowing through the signal converter. The sensor element characteristically influences the electrical conductivity of the signal converter on account of a sensor event on the sensor element. The calibration device brings the gate region of the FET to an electrical calibration potential such that the electric current is independent of parameter fluctuations of the FET.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measuring arrangement, a semiconductor arrangement and a method for operating a reference source, wherein at least one semiconductor component and a voltage source are connected to a measuring unit and the measuring unit provides a measured value that is proportional to the number of defects.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement comprising a logarithmizing unit and a subtracting unit, wherein the subtracting unit has an output at which a voltage value linearly proportional to the temperature can be tapped off.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory has a plurality of read amplifiers to which a pair each of two complementary bit lines is connected, wherein the semiconductor memory includes at least one switching element each for each bit line, by which at least a partial section of the bit line may be electrically decoupled from the read amplifier, and wherein the semiconductor memory controls the first switching element so that the first switching element, when reading out and/or refreshing any memory cell connected to the bit line, temporarily electrically decouples at least the partial section of the bit line from the read amplifier.

Abstract: A DNA chip includes a carrier and a microarray of spots containing immobilised catcher molecules which are arranged on the carrier. Each spot contains a microelectrode system for the impedance spectroscopic detection of binding events occurring between the catcher molecules and target molecules of an analyte solution applied to the spots. The microelectrode system has a pair of polarisation electrodes in order to produce an alternating electromagnetic field and a pair of sensor electrodes for measuring a voltage drop in the analyte.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory having read amplifier strips having a plurality of read amplifiers and having memory cell fields which have a plurality of memory cells connected to bit lines is disclosed. The read amplifier strips include at least two outer read amplifier strips between which the remaining read amplifier strips and the memory cell fields are arranged, wherein adjacent to at least one of the outer read amplifier strips, a reference circuit field is arranged, which has reference lines and reference circuit elements connected thereto, and wherein the reference lines are shorter than the bit lines of the memory cell fields.

Abstract: Sensor arrangement having row and column lines arranged in first and second directions, respectively, sensor arrays arranged in crossover regions of the row and column lines, a detector, and a decoding device. The sensor arrays have a coupling device for electrically coupling respective row and column lines, and a sensor element to influence electric current flow through the coupling device. The detector is electrically coupled to a respective end section of at least a portion of the row and column lines, and detects a respective accumulative current flow from the individual electrical current flows provided by the sensor arrays of the respective lines. The decoding device is coupled to the row and column lines, and evaluates at least a portion of the accumulative electric current flows fed to the decoding device via the row and column lines to determine at which of the sensor elements a sensor signal is present.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates to a rectifier circuit for providing a rectified voltage, with a first AC voltage terminal to which an AC voltage can be applied, with a first DC voltage terminal to which a DC voltage can be provided, and with a control switching element between the first AC voltage terminal and the first DC voltage terminal. The control switching element only couples the first AC voltage terminal to the first DC voltage terminal if the electrical potential at the first AC voltage terminal has a predeterminable polarity compared with a reference potential and if the amount of the electrical potential at the first DC voltage terminal is less than or equal to the amount of the electrical potential at the first AC voltage terminal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a first electrode that is provided with a holding area for holding probe molecules which can bind macro-molecular biopolymers. The first electrode and/or a second electrode is/are divided into a plurality of electrode segments that are electrically insulated from one another. The randomly selected electrode segments, independently from one another, can be electrically coupled in such a way that an effective electrode surface can be adjusted in the size thereof according to the selected electrode segments.

Abstract: The invention relates to a label identification system comprised of a transmitting-receiving unit and of identification labels on which the identification information is stored in the form of a digital identification information word. The provision of a circuit on the identification label in the form of a circuit arrangement, which is prefabricated using a polymer technique and on which the identification information is subsequently placed by the offset printing of conductor tracks, enables the provision of an identification label involving a minimal consumption of energy during inexpensive mass production. The bulk of the identification information processing is transferred to the transmitting-receiving unit.