Abstract: A secret sharing system transforms shares in ramp secret sharing to shares in homomorphic secret sharing. On a data distribution apparatus, a division part divides information a into N shares fa(n) using an arbitrary ramp secret sharing scheme S1. On each of distributed data transform apparatuses, a random number selecting part generates a random number vector ri whose elements are L random numbers ri1. A first random number division part divides the random number vector into N shares fri(n) using a ramp secret sharing scheme S1. A second random number division part divides each of the L random numbers ri1 into N shares gri,1(n) using an arbitrary secret sharing scheme S2. A disturbance part generates a share Ui by using a share fa(i) and shares fr?(i). A reconstruction part reconstructs L pieces of disturbance information c1 from shares U? by using the ramp secret sharing scheme S1.

Abstract: A secret sharing system transforms computational secret shares to homomorphic secret shares. On a data distribution apparatus, a key selector selects K??1 keys. A pseudorandom number generator generates pseudorandom numbers from the keys. An encryption part generates a ciphertext from information using the pseudorandom numbers. A key division part divides the keys into N shares fg(n) using an arbitrary sharing. A ciphertext division part divides the ciphertext into N shares fan) using an arbitrary sharing. When K shares fsj(i) are input into distributed data transform apparatuses, a reconstruction part generates a reconstructed value by reconstructing shares fsj(i) using the secret sharing, and when K shares fc(i) are input, generates the reconstructed value uj by reconstructing shares fc(i) using the arbitrary sharing. A redivision part divides reconstructed value Uj into N shares fuj(n) using a homomorphic secret sharing. A transformer generates share ga(i) of the information from K? shares fUj.

Abstract: An aspect of one embodiment, there is provided an exhaust system includes a vacuum pump exhausting first gas, a trap bottle having a cylindrical shape, a sidewall of the trap bottle being configured to move in a circumference direction, and a first pipe connecting between the vacuum pump and the trap bottle, the first pipe having a tilt angle in an axis direction of the cylindrical shape, the first gas flowing in the first pipe from the vacuum pump to the trap bottle.

Abstract: A linear motion guide unit is disclosed in which an end cap of a slider has a tube therein to feed even minor amounts of lubricant into a circulating circuit for rollers with no lubricant leakage, making sure of positive lubrication irrespective of working orientations or postures of the linear motion guide unit. A flexible tube made of fluorocarbon polymers is installed in the end cap to run from a lubricant inlet to a turnaround passage, thereby providing a lubricant-supply passage. A distal end of the tube fits into a three-way member made open to the turnaround passage on a spacer part, which is nested inside the end cap.

Abstract: Provided is a display apparatus that can operate both in a portrait mode and a landscape mode, and that exhibits high front brightness and excellent resolution in both planar image display (2D display) and stereoscopic image display (3D display). The display apparatus of the present invention is a display apparatus provided with a display panel including a plurality of pixel areas, a parallax barrier disposed on one side of the display panel, and a lenticular lens disposed on the other side of the display panel. The parallax barrier is provided with a light-blocking sections and a light-transmitting section along a row direction or a column direction of the pixel areas. The lenticular lens includes a plurality of cylindrical lenses arrayed in the row direction or the column direction of the pixel areas. The array direction of the light-blocking sections and the light-transmitting sections is perpendicular to the array direction of the cylindrical lenses.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel 1 for displaying non-identical images along non-identical lines of sight includes: a parallax barrier (2) having light-transmitting sections (21) and light-blocking sections (22) alternately arranged in a lattice manner with each of the light-transmitting sections (21) provided with a condenser lens (23) having a long axis parallel to a long side A of the light-transmitting section (21); and a back polarizing plate (4) and a front polarizing plate (5) disposed on a light incidence side and a light exit side, respectively, each of the polarizing plates (4, 5) having its absorption axis set in a parallel or orthogonal relationship with the long axis of the condenser lens (23). This provides: a liquid crystal display panel capable of presenting non-identical images along non-identical lines of sight with high contrast; and a liquid crystal display device including such a liquid crystal display panel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thin-profile and light-weight display device capable of improving display qualities and suppressing incorrect operation.

Abstract: An electrode whose electrode surface is a substantially convex curved surface and which has at a center portion a recess set at a predetermined depth allowing a welding trace formed on a metal body surface to reach a deepest portion when a nugget is formed in a satisfactory manner by the spot welding is used as at least an electrode for performing the spot welding. The spot welding quality is judged based on a shape of the welding trace formed on the metal body surface by the spot welding in correspondence with the recess.

Abstract: A linear motion guide unit is disclosed in which an end cap of a slider has a tube therein to feed even minor amounts of lubricant into a circulating circuit for rollers with no lubricant leakage, making sure of positive lubrication irrespective of working orientations or postures of the linear motion guide unit. A flexible tube made of fluorocarbon polymers is installed in the end cap to run from a lubricant inlet to a turnaround passage, thereby providing a lubricant-supply passage. A distal end of the tube fits into a three-way member made open to the turnaround passage on a spacer part, which is nested inside the end cap.

Abstract: A high strength steel sheet having (2-1) a base phase structure, the base phase structure being tempered martensite or tempered bainite and accounting for 50% or more in terms of a space factor relative to the whole structure, or the base phase structure comprising tempered martensite or tempered bainite which accounts for 15% or more in terms of a space factor relative to the whole structure and further comprising ferrite, the tempered martensite or the tempered bainite having a hardness which satisfies the relation of Vickers hardness (Hv)?500[C]+30[Si]+3[Mn]+50 where [ ] represents the content (mass %) of each element, and (2-2) a second phase structure comprising retained austenite which accounts for 3 to 30% in terms of a space factor relative to the whole structure and optionally further comprising bainite and/or martensite, the retained austenite having a C concentration (C?R) of 0.8% or more.

Abstract: A high strength steel sheet having (2-1) a base phase structure, the base phase structure being tempered martensite or tempered bainite and accounting for 50% or more in terms of a space factor relative to the whole structure, or the base phase structure comprising tempered martensite or tempered bainite which accounts for 15% or more in terms of a space factor relative to the whole structure and further comprising ferrite, the tempered martensite or the tempered bainite having a hardness which satisfies the relation of Vickers hardness (Hv)≧500[C]+30[Si]+3[Mn]+50 where [ ] represents the content (mass %) of each element, and (2-2) a second phase structure comprising retained austenite which accounts for 3 to 30% in terms of a space factor relative to the whole structure and optionally further comprising bainite and/or martensite, the retained austenite having a C concentration (C&ggr;R) of 0.8% or more.

Abstract: A halogenating agent of the formula (1) and a method of halogenating hydroxyl group wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and are each ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl or allyl; X is chlorine atom or bromine atom; and Y is chlorine ion, bromine ion, dichlorophosphate ion, dibromophosphate ion, chlorosulfonate ion, bromosulfonate ion, chlorooxalate ion or bromooxalate ion.

Abstract: A halogenating agent of the formula (1) and a method of halogenating hydroxyl group wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and are each ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl or allyl; X is chlorine atom or bromine atom; and Y is chlorine ion, bromine ion, dichlorophosphate ion, dibromophosphate ion, chlorosulfonate ion, bromosulfonate ion, chlorooxalate ion or bromooxalate ion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing 3-norcephem compound represented by the formula (2), characterized in that a hydride reagent is acted on a halogenated .beta.-lactam compound represented by the formula (1) in the presence of a cuprous compound ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom, amino group or protected amino group, R.sub.2 is an aryl or substituted aryl, n is 0 to 2, R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom or carboxylic acid protective group, X is a halogen atom, and Y is a halogen atom or a leaving group ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 are as defined above.

Abstract: A process for preparing a 3-halogenated cephem derivative represented by the formula (2), characterized by causing a halogenating reagent to act on an allenyl .beta.-lactam compound represented by the formula (1) in the presence of a cuprous salt or cupric salt to obtain the 3-halogenated cephem derivative ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, amino or protected amino, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, lower alkoxyl, lower acyl, lower alkyl, lower alkyl having at least one selected from hydroxyl and protected hydroxyl as a substituent, hydroxyl or protected hydroxyl, R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom or carboxylic acid protecting group, R.sup.4 is an aromatic compound residue which may have a substituent or nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic compound residue which may have a substituent, and n is 0 to 2 ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined above, X is a halogen atom.

Abstract: The invention has an object to improve easiness and certainty of the mounting operation of an air bag lid onto an opening of an instrument panel, and upon expanding operation of the air bag, increase the opening area of the air bag lid opening so as not to prevent expansion of the spreading air bag in the passenger compartment. A lid bracket 34 is connected to an air bag lid 15. The air bag lid 15 is secured through the lid bracket 34 to a panel bracket 32 provided on the back of the instrument panel 11 from the surface side of the instrument panel 11. Then, an air bag module body 12 is secured to the panel bracket 32 from the back side of the instrument panel 11. Further, collars 19 pierced with engagement holes 20 on the back thereof are provided on the air bag lid 15. Insertion spaces 36 for insertion of collars 19 and setup claws 37 for engagement in the engagement holes 20 of collars 19 inserted into the insertion spaces 36 are formed in the lid bracket 34.

Abstract: An air bag device, which is installed in the dashboard of a vehicle, contains a folded air bag. One end of an intervening cloth is secured where the air bag is mounted to the air bag device or to the air bag and the other end is left free. In the absence of the intervening cloth, when an inflator is activated to deploy the air bag through the unit door, the air bag generates friction by contacting the unit door or the vehicle's front glass. The intervening cloth, however, intervenes between the air bag and such surfaces to provide a constant friction, thus allowing smooth deployment of the air bag.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing a 3-formylcephem derivative represented by the formula (2) ##STR1## which comprises oxidizing in the presence of oxygen a 3-halomethylcephem derivative represented by the formula (1) ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 is amino group or protected amino group, R.sup.2 is hydrogen atom or a carboxylic acid protective group, X is halogen atom.

Abstract: A process for preparing a .beta.-lactam derivative of formula (2) and/or the corresponding enol tautomer, which includes oxidizing an alkenyl-substituted .beta.-lactam derivative of formula (1) in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst or a rhenium catalyst using a periodic acid: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group or a C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl group, R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group or a phenyl group which may have a substituent, A is a group selected from ##STR2## wherein R.sup.3 is an amino group or a protected amino group, and R.sup.4 -R.sup.8 are as defined in the application.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of producing a .beta.-lactam derivative represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## said method consisting essentially of the step of reacting a .beta.-lactam derivative represented by the formula (II): ##STR2## with a phenol in a reaction system which consists essentially of said .beta.-lactam derivative of formula (II) and said phenol.