Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses for protocol data unit (PDU) session management over different access technologies (ATS) are disclosed. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a first message from a network over a first access technology. The first message may include an indication for the WTRU to reestablish resources for one or more protocol data unit (PDU) sessions over a second access technology. The WTRU may determine that a PDU session of the one or more PDU sessions is locally deactivated by the WTRU. The WTRU may send a second message via the first access technology. The second message may include a PDU session status information element (IE) indicating the PDU session is locally deactivated such that the network releases the PDU session.

Abstract: Mobile device-to-mobile device discovery may be performed via a relay device (e.g., wireless transmit and receive unit (WTRU)), which may send a discovery request (e.g., including service ID, relay capability indication, and relay WTRU ID) to a ProSe server. A discovery response may include a (e.g., ProSe) relay service broadcast code and discovery filter (e.g., corresponding to service ID for a service broadcast by a service provider WTRU). The relay WTRU may use the discovery filter to listen for a ProSe code broadcast by a service provider WTRU. The relay WTRU may determine a received ProSe code matches the discovery filter. The relay WTRU may broadcast the relay service broadcast code based on the match. The service broadcast code broadcast may be intended for receipt by a service utilizing WTRU, which may utilize the relay WTRU to join/receive a service from a service provider WTRU.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for dynamic PC5 communication adaptation. For example, a UE may receive, from a vehicle-to-everything control function (V2X CF) or a vehicle-to-everything application server (V2X AS), a V2X provisioning message that includes a first transmission profile and determine, based on the first transmission profile, a first range to configure PC5 communication of a plurality of UEs associated with the V2X platoon. When a number of UEs joining the V2X platoon exceeds a certain threshold, the UE may transmit, to the V2X CF or the V2X AS, a modification request message requesting a second transmission profile. The UE may receive, from the V2X CF or the V2X AS, a modification response message that includes the second transmission profile and determine, based on the second transmission profile, a second range to reconfigure the PC5 communication of the plurality of UEs associated with the V2X platoon.

Abstract: Coordinated P-GW change for SIPTO may be provided. A WTRU may send and/or receive one or more flows via a first PDN connection and via a first P-GW. The WTRU may send an indication to the network that at least one flow of the first PDN connection is available for SIPTO. The indication may include one or more SIPTO preferences. The WTRU may receive a message from a MME. The message may trigger establishment of a second PDN connection via a second P-GW. The WTRU may move, while maintaining the first PDN connection, the at least one flow from the first PDN connection to the second PDN connection. The WTRU may deactivate the first PDN connection when the one or more flows have been moved to the second PDN connection and/or when no information has been received via the first PDN connection after a predetermined duration.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for offloading traffic from a third generation partnership project (3GPP) access network to a non-3GPP access point (AP) are disclosed. A 3GPP access network entity may receive subscription information associated with a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU). The 3GPP access network entity may further receive traffic associated with the WTRU. The 3GPP access network entity may further determine whether to offload the traffic to the non-3GPP AP based on the subscription information. The 3GPP access network entity may also forward the traffic to the non-3GPP AP based on its determination.

Abstract: Techniques may be used for restricted direct discovery in proximity services (ProSe). A ProSe function may receive from a discovery wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) a restricted ProSe Application identity (ID) of an application located at the discoverer WTRU requesting ProSe discovery. The ProSe function may derive a first and second ProSe codes for the discoveree WTRU and discoverer WTRU, and provide the ProSe codes to the discoverer and/or discoveree WTRUs. A ProSe application server may receive a revocation message from an announcing WTRU indicating a revoked WTRU. The ProSe application server may provide a ProSe discovery WTRU ID for the revoked WTRU to a ProSe Function. The ProSe function may instruct the announcing WTRU to stop announcing a ProSe code known by the revoked WTRU, and may provide a new ProSe code to at least one WTRU authorized to discover the announcing WTRU.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses for protocol data unit (PDU) session management over different access technologies (ATs) are disclosed. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a first message from a network over a first access technology. The first message may include an indication for the WTRU to reestablish resources for one or more protocol data unit (PDU) sessions over a second access technology. The WTRU may determine that a PDU session of the one or more PDU sessions is locally deactivated by the WTRU. The WTRU may determine that it is in a limited service state associated with the second access technology. The WTRU may send a second message via the first access technology. The second message may include a PDU session status information element (IE) indicating the PDU session is locally deactivated such that the network releases the PDU session.

Abstract: A method for use in wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) which assesses both a first network and a second network to receive radio frames from each of the first network and the second network is disclosed. The method comprise: obtaining a first paging occasion (PO) as the first network's current PO and a second PO as the second network's current PO; determining whether there is a PO collision between the first PO and the second PO, on condition that there is the PO collision, selecting a network from the first network and the second network, and sending a request to the selected network; receiving, from the selected network, a collision avoidance parameter corresponding to the request; calculating a third PO for the selected network using the collision avoidance parameter, and using the third PO as the selected network's current PO.

Abstract: Embodiments include methods and apparatuses for providing access to a network slice in a communication system. In an embodiment, a network server that implements a Control Plane (CP) Network Function (NF) may receive a Non-Access Stratum (NAS) message from a wireless transmit and receive unit (WTRU). The NAS message comprises a Mobility Management (MM) message for registration and a Session Management (SM) messages for a specific service provided by the network slice. After selecting the network slice, the network server may transmit the SM message to another CP NF in the network slice to establish a communication link between the WTRU and the network slice.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may establish one or more protocol data unit (PDU) sessions via a radio access network (RAN) node. The WTRU may transition to an inactive state. The WTRU may send a connection resume message to a RAN node that indicates a request to resume the established plurality of PDU sessions via the RAN node. The WTRU may receive a message from the RAN node. For example, the RAN node may send a message indicating a subset of the plurality of PDU sessions that are available upon resuming a connection with the RAN node. The WTRU may deactivate at least one established PDU session of the plurality of PDU sessions based on the received message from the RAN node that indicates at least one established PDU session not being included in the subset of the plurality of PDU sessions that are available.

Abstract: Coordinated P-GW change for SIPTO may be provided. A WTRU may send and/or receive one or more flows via a first PDN connection and via a first P-GW. The WTRU may send an indication to the network that at least one flow of the first PDN connection is available for SIPTO. The indication may include one or more SIPTO preferences. The WTRU may receive a message from a MME. The message may trigger establishment of a second PDN connection via a second P-GW. The WTRU may move, while maintaining the first PDN connection, the at least one flow from the first PDN connection to the second PDN connection. The WTRU may deactivate the first PDN connection when the one or more flows have been moved to the second PDN connection and/or when no information has been received via the first PDN connection after a predetermined duration.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for multiple radio access technology (multi-RAT) access mode operation for a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) are disclosed. A WTRU and a network may enable a multi-RAT access mode of operation based on at least one of WTRU subscription, a service agreement of the WTRU, a roaming status of the WTRU, a selected access point name (APN), an Internet protocol (IP) flow class, a subscriber profile identity for the WTRU, requested quality of service, or a proximity indication indicating proximity to a cell supporting multi-RAT access mode. The WTRU may send a capability indication of support of multi-RAT access to a network, wherein the multi-RAT access mode is enabled based on the capability indication. A partial handover of bearers may be performed. In performing the handover, the target cell is determined based on a priority rule.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems are disclosed for multi-hop relays that may be implemented by advertising first relaying capabilities and a first number of hops to reach a remote wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), receiving second relaying capabilities and a second number of hops to reach the remote WTRU from a selected relay WTRU, updating a relay capabilities table based on the second relaying capabilities and the second number of hops, receiving a packet comprising a payload, the packet having a traffic type and further comprising a maximum number of hops, selecting the selected relay WTRU based on the traffic type, the maximum number of hops, and the relay capabilities table, generating a first updated packet comprising the payload, the traffic type and a first updated number of hops that is one less than the maximum number of hops, and transmitting the first updated packet to the selected relay WTRU.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described for implementing a wireless local area network (WLAN) Proximity Service (ProSe) connection in a WLAN ProSe capable wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU). The WLAN ProSe capable WTRU requests an establishment of a WLAN ProSe connection with other WLAN ProSe capable WTRU(s), where a ProSe discovery process determines the presence of other WLAN ProSe capable WTRU(s). Configuration information is received, via a non-access stratum or a radio resource control message, from a network node to facilitate the WLAN ProSe connection to the other WLAN ProSe capable WTRU(s). The configuration information includes one of a WLAN ID of the other WLAN ProSe capable WTRU(s), a medium access control ID of the other WLAN ProSe capable WTRU(s), a WLAN access point Service Set Identification (SSID) or Basic SSID, a frequency or channel number, a beacon interval, and timing information.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for an access control and mobility management function (AMF) node, comprising a processor configured to receive a N2 session management (SM) information from a session management function (SMF) node, wherein the N2 SM information indicates an available area for N2 information, receive a service request from a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU), determine whether to update the N2 SM information based on a location of the WTRU and the available area for N2 information, wherein if the WTRU is outside of the available area for N2 information, the processor is configured to request a second N2 SM information from the SMF node and update the N2 SM information with the second N2 SM information, and send an N2 request with the N2 SM information to an access network associated with the WTRU.

Abstract: Method, apparatus and systems are disclosed that may be implemented in a Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU) for unicast communication with another WTRU. The method may include sending, by the WTRU to the other WTRU via a PC5 interface, a communication request indicating first security information for the WTRU and receiving, by the WTRU from the other WTRU via the PC5 interface, information which is integrity protected indicating second security information for the other WTRU. The method may also include deriving, by the WTRU from the indicated second security information, a first set of security keys for communication via a first layer using the U-plane and a second set of security keys for communication via a second layer using the C-plane; and sending, by the WTRU to the other WTRU via the PC5 interface, a message that is at least integrity protected using the derived first set of keys.

Abstract: Techniques may be used for restricted direct discovery in proximity services (ProSe). A ProSe function may receive from a discovery wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) a restricted ProSe Application identity (ID) of an application located at the discoverer WTRU requesting ProSe discovery. The ProSe function may derive a first and second ProSe codes for the discoveree WTRU and discoverer WTRU, and provide the ProSe codes to the discoverer and/or discoveree WTRUs. A ProSe application server may receive a revocation message from an announcing WTRU indicating a revoked WTRU. The ProSe application server may provide a ProSe discovery WTRU ID for the revoked WTRU to a ProSe Function. The ProSe function may instruct the announcing WTRU to stop announcing a ProSe code known by the revoked WTRU, and may provide a new ProSe code to at least one WTRU authorized to discover the announcing WTRU.

Abstract: Embodiments include methods and apparatuses for providing access to a network slice in a communication system. In an embodiment, a network server that implements a Control Plane (CP) Network Function (NF) may receive a Non-Access Stratum (NAS) message from a wireless transmit and receive unit (WTRU). The NAS message comprises a Mobility Management (MM) message for registration and a Session Management (SM) messages for a specific service provided by the network slice. After selecting the network slice, the network server may transmit the SM message to another CP NF in the network slice to establish a communication link between the WTRU and the network slice.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may establish one or more protocol data unit (PDU) sessions via a radio access network (RAN) node. The WTRU may transition to an inactive state. The WTRU may send a connection resume message to a RAN node that indicates a request to resume the established plurality of PDU sessions via the RAN node. The WTRU may receive a message from the RAN node. For example, the RAN node may send a message indicating a subset of the plurality of PDU sessions that are available upon resuming a connection with the RAN node. The WTRU may deactivate at least one established PDU session of the plurality of PDU sessions based on the received message from the RAN node that indicates at least one established PDU session not being included in the subset of the plurality of PDU sessions that are available.

Abstract: An initiating wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) includes circuitry configured to monitor, by the initiating WTRU, a level of congestion experienced by the initiating WTRU while communicating with the at least one peer WTRU. The initiating WTRU detects that the level of congestion triggers congestion control. The initiating WTRU transmits, based on the level of congestion, at least one message to reconfigure an ongoing communication between the initiating WTRU and the at least one peer WTRU.