Abstract: A method for driving a self-scanning light-emitting element array, in which a power consumed in a write signal limiting resistor provided outside a chip to suppress a temperature rising of an optical writing head. The difference between High-level and Low-level in a circuitry in the driver circuit for controlling the light-emitting portion in the chip is set so as to be lower than the difference between High-level and Low-level in a circuitry in the driver circuit for controlling the transfer portion in the chip. A power consumed in a write signal limiting resistor provided outside the chip may be decreased to suppress the temperature rising of the optical writing head.

Abstract: Achirai pyrimidine derivatives and pyridine derivatives of the following formulae or analogs thereof have selective N-type calcium channel antagonistic activity and showed analgesic action when they were taken orally. They are useful as therapeutic agents for pains and various diseases associated with the N-type calcium channels.

Abstract: An optical writing head is provided in which the deviation of a line of light spots on the photosensitive drum in a sub-scanning direction due to manufacturing dispersion of a rod-lens array is corrected. In the optical writing head comprising a self-scanning light-emitting element array and a rod-lens array for projecting light emitted from the self-scanning light-emitting element array onto the photosensitive drum, the timing of a start pulse supplied to the start pulse line every chip is regulated to correct the deviation of the line of light spots.

Abstract: The cost of a light-emitting element matrix array is reduced by implementing a function equivalent to a light-emitting thyristor by elements different therefrom. A plurality of combinational element are arrayed in one line. The plurality of combinational elements are divided into groups n by n. The bases of transistors included in each group are separately connected to base-selecting lines and the anodes of light-emitting diodes included in each group are commonly connected to one anode terminal every group.

Abstract: A light-emitting thyristor matrix array in which the area of a chip may be decreased is provided. A plurality of three-terminal light-emitting thyristors are arrayed in one line in parallel with the long side of the chip, a plurality of bonding pads are arrayed in one line in parallel with the long side of the chip. Thereby, the area of the chip becomes smaller.

Abstract: The light-emitting thyristor matrix array may be provided in which wiring are crossed without being electrically connected to each other. An array of three-terminal light-emitting thyristors in which a substrate is used as a common cathode or anode is divided into blocks n by n (n is an integer≧2), gates of n light-emitting thyristors included in each block are separately connected to n gate-selecting lines, and anodes or cathodes of n light-emitting thyristors included in each block are commonly connected to one terminal, respectively.

Abstract: An optical writing head in which the number of bus lines to be derived may be decreased by using a self-scanning light-emitting element array is provided. A &PHgr;1 bonding pad of each SLED chip is connected to &PHgr;1 bus line via a resistor R1, and a &PHgr;2 bonding pad of each SLED chip is connected to &PHgr;2 bus line via a resistor R2. &PHgr;S bonding pad is connected to a &PHgr;S bus line via resistor RS, and VGA bonding pad is connected to VGA bus line. &PHgr;I bonding pad of each SLED chip is connected to a corresponding one of terminal &PHgr;I(1)-&PHgr;I(56) of a connector.

Abstract: A method for setting the amount of light in an array of light-emitting thyristors, each thyristor having I-L characteristic in which a luminous efficiency is decreased in a lower current field, is provided. According to the method, the amount of light emitted from a light-emitting thyristor is set so that a predetermined exposure energy may be obtained without decreasing a luminous efficiency of a light-emitting thyristor. The density D of a current to be supplied to the light-emitting thyristor to obtain a predetermined exposure energy is selected so as to satisfy the range of 3×Dth<D<100 MA/m2, wherein Dth is a threshold current density for light emission which is defined as a current density corresponding to the value of a current at a point where a tangent drawn at the value of a current corresponding to a current density of 50 MA/m2 with respect to the curve of the I-L characteristic intersects a current axis.

Abstract: A self-scanning light-emitting device is provided in which the amounts of light of light-emitting elements may be corrected to make the distribution of amounts of light in a luminescent chip or among luminescent chips uniform. The correction for amounts of light of light-emitting elements may be carried out by regulating the time duration of on-state of a light-emitting element or the voltage of a write signal applied to a light-emitting element. According to the present invention, the distribution of amounts of light becomes uniform, so that the printing quality of a printer using such self-scanning light-emitting device is improved.

Abstract: A dimensional light-emitting element array device is provided. The device comprises a light-emitting element array in which a plurality of three-terminal light-emitting thyristors are arranged in X-Y matrix of N rows×M columns; a plurality of row lines to each thereof an anode of the thyristor on a corresponding row of the matrix is connected; one clock line to which all the row lines are connected; a plurality of row address lines to each thereof a gate of the thyristor on a corresponding row and a 0th column of the matrix is connected; and a plurality of column address lines to each thereof a gate of the thyristor on a corresponding column of 1st-Mth columns of the matrix is connected.

Abstract: A cross under metal wiring structure which may prevent “latch-up” from causing at a pnpn-structure is provided. The cross under metal wiring structure comprises a lower wiring provided on a topmost layer of the pnpn-structure isolated in an island by a groove, and an upper wiring connected to the lower wiring through a first contact hole opened in an insulating film covered the isolated pnpn-structure and to a layer just below the topmost layer through a second contact hole opened in the insulating film.

Abstract: An optical writing head is provided in which the deviation of a line of light spots on the photosensitive drum in a sub-scanning direction due to manufacturing dispersion of a rod-lens array is corrected. In the optical writing head comprising a self-scanning light-emitting element array and a rod-lens array for projecting light emitted from the self-scanning light-emitting element array onto the photosensitive drum, the timing of a start pulse supplied to the start pulse line every chip is regulated to correct the deviation of the line of light spots.

Abstract: An optical printer head is provided in which light exposure of one pixel may be increased. An optical printer head for exposing a photosensitive drum to form pixels thereon comprises a light-emitting element array including two or more lines of light-emitting points, and a rod-lens array for projecting light emitted from the light-emitting array onto the photosensitive drum to form a line of light spots. Each of the lines of light-emitting points has the same pitch in a main-scanning direction in parallel with an axis of rotation of the photosensitive drum, and the light-emitting points of respective lines of light-emitting points are arranged so as to be lined up in a sub-scanning direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the photosensitive drum.

Abstract: A driver circuit for a self-scanning light-emitting element array is provided in which the same structure as a pulse current source can be realized in a simple circuit. The driver circuit comprises the first and second buffers and the first and second resistors. The first and second resistors are connected to the output terminals of the first and second buffers, respectively. The input terminal of the first buffer is connected to the first pulse voltage source, and the gate terminal is grounded. The input terminal of the second buffer is connected to the power supply (+5V), and the gate terminal is connected to the second pulse voltage source. The first and second resistors are both connected to the output terminal of the driver circuit which is connected to the clock pulse terminal.

Abstract: A method of designing an optimum mask pattern for forming a metal line by an etching process, the metal line also effectively serving as a light-shielding layer, is provided. In this method, assuming that a mask pattern for forming a first metal line on a transparent insulating film has a width of “L1” overlapped with a first control electrode in a direction perpendicular to an array direction of of transfer elements, “L1” is selected so as to satisfy the following relation L1>(S+dS)+a, wherein “S” is the distance of side etching of the first metal line, “dS” is the dispersion of the distance of the side etching, and “a” is the misalignment of the mask pattern.

Abstract: The cost of a light-emitting element matrix array is reduced by implementing a function equivalent to a light-emitting thyristor by elements different therefrom. A plurality of combinational element are arrayed in one line. The plurality of combinational elements are divided into groups n by n. The bases of transistors included in each group are separately connected to base-selecting lines and the anodes of light-emitting diodes included in each group are commonly connected to one anode terminal every group.

Abstract: A method of arraying self-scanning light-emitting element array chips is provided, in which it is possible to remove defective chips completely. A plurality of self-scanning light-emitting array chips in a zigzag manner on a substrate, each chip being rectangular and comprising an array of light-emitting elements arrayed in a line facing to one end of the chip and a plurality of bonding pads provided on the other end of the chip. The plurality of chips are arrayed in such a manner that one ends of neighboring chips are arranged without overlapping in an array direction of chips so that an array pitch of chips is constant, and the other ends of the chips are arranged with overlapping in a direction perpendicular to an array direction of chips so that an array pitch of chips is constant.

Abstract: A method for setting the amount of light in an array of light-emitting thyristors, each thyristor having I-L characteristic in which a luminous efficiency is decreased in a lower current field, is provided. According to the method, the amount of light emitted from a light-emitting thyristor is set so that a predetermined exposure energy may be obtained without decreasing a luminous efficiency of a light-emitting thyristor. The density D of a current to be supplied to the light-emitting thyristor to obtain a predetermined exposure energy is selected so as to satisfy the range of 3×Dth<D<100 MA/m2, wherein Dth is a threshold current density for light emission which is defined as a current density corresponding to the value of a current at a point where a tangent drawn at the value of a current corresponding to a current density of 50 MA/m2 with respect to the curve of the I-L characteristic intersects a current axis.

Abstract: Compounds having a selective N-type calcium channel antagonistic activity are provided.

Abstract: Dihydropyrimidine derivatives of the following formula or analogs thereof have selective N-type calcium channel antagonistic activity, and they are used as therapeutic agents for various diseases participating in the N-type calcium channels.