Abstract: A semiconductor device includes an isolation layer defining an active region formed in a semiconductor substrate. A first recessing process is performed on the isolation layer to expose edge portions of the active region. A first rounding process is performed to round the edge portions of the active region. A second recessing process is performed on the isolation layer. A second rounding process is performed to round the edge portions of the active region.

Abstract: A precursor composition for forming a silicon dioxide film on a substrate, the precursor composition including at least one precursor compound represented by the following chemical formulas (1), (2), and (3): HxSiAy(NR1R2)4-x-y??(1) HxSi(NAR3)4-x??(2) HxSi(R4)z(R5)4-x-z??(3) wherein, independently in the chemical formulas (1), (2), and (3), H is hydrogen, x is 0 to 3, Si is silicon, A is a halogen, y is 1 to 4, N is nitrogen, and R1, R2, R3, and R5 are each independently selected from the group of H, aryl, perhaloaryl, C1-8 alkyl, and C1-8 perhaloalkyl, and R4 is aryl in which at least one hydrogen is replaced with a halogen or C1-8 alkyl in which at least one hydrogen is replaced with a halogen

Abstract: A capacitor of a memory device includes dielectric layers with different energy band gaps. The capacitor may include, for example, a first electrode and a first dielectric layer on the first electrode. The capacitor may further include a second dielectric layer on the first dielectric layer. The first and second dielectric layers may include the same dielectric material with different concentration of an impurity therein. A second electrode is disposed on the second dielectric layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate having at least two oblique side surfaces and a first bottom surface in a recessed portion. A gate insulating layer is formed on the recessed portion. A gate electrode is formed on the gate insulating layer. A channel region is formed below the gate electrode. Gate spacers are formed on side surfaces of the gate electrode.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes an isolation layer defining an active region formed in a semiconductor substrate. A first recessing process is performed on the isolation layer to expose edge portions of the active region. A first rounding process is performed to round the edge portions of the active region. A second recessing process is performed on the isolation layer. A second rounding process is performed to round the edge portions of the active region.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes an isolation layer defining an active region formed in a semiconductor substrate. A first recessing process is performed on the isolation layer to expose edge portions of the active region. A first rounding process is performed to round the edge portions of the active region. A second recessing process is performed on the isolation layer. A second rounding process is performed to round the edge portions of the active region.

Abstract: A method of forming a semiconductor device includes forming a lower electrode layer on a substrate, forming a surface oxide layer on the lower electrode layer, partially removing the lower electrode layer to form a lower electrode, removing the surface oxide layer to expose the lower electrode, forming a capacitor dielectric layer on the lower electrode, and forming an upper electrode on the capacitor dielectric layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes an isolation layer defining an active region formed in a semiconductor substrate. A first recessing process is performed on the isolation layer to expose edge portions of the active region. A first rounding process is performed to round the edge portions of the active region. A second recessing process is performed on the isolation layer. A second rounding process is performed to round the edge portions of the active region.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes an isolation layer defining an active region formed in a semiconductor substrate. A first recessing process is performed on the isolation layer to expose edge portions of the active region. A first rounding process is performed to round the edge portions of the active region. A second recessing process is performed on the isolation layer. A second rounding process is performed to round the edge portions of the active region.

Abstract: A method forms an ultimate or final image of a sample by selecting some of a plurality of image frames and integrating the selected frames. The method includes providing a semiconductor device including a region of interest and a peripheral region; obtaining a plurality of image frames each including a region of interest image and a peripheral region image respectively corresponding to the region of interest and the peripheral region; selecting at least some of the plurality of image frames based on a contrast between the region of interest image and the peripheral region image; and obtaining an image of the semiconductor device by integrating the selected image frames.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate having a top surface and a recessed portion including at least two oblique side surfaces and a first bottom surface therebetween, a gate insulating layer formed on the recessed portion, a gate electrode formed on the gate insulating layer, a channel region below the gate electrode in the semiconductor substrate, and gate spacers formed on side surfaces of the gate electrode, wherein both the bottom surface and the side surfaces of the recessed portion include flat surfaces. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising the steps of forming a recess portion including at least two oblique side surfaces and a bottom surface therebetween in a semiconductor substrate, forming a gate insulating layer formed on the recessed portion, forming a gate electrode formed on the gate insulating layer, forming a channel region below the gate electrode in the semiconductor substrate, and forming gate spacers formed on side surfaces of the gate electrode.

Abstract: In a method of forming a capacitor, a seed stopper and a sacrificial layer is formed on an insulating interlayer having a plug therethrough. An opening is formed through the sacrificial layer and the seed stopper to expose the plug. A seed is formed on an innerwall of the opening. A lower electrode is formed covering the seed on the innerwall of the opening. The sacrificial layer and the seed are removed. A dielectric layer and an upper electrode are sequentially formed on the lower electrode.

Abstract: In a method of forming a dielectric layer structure, a precursor thin film chemisorbed on a substrate in a process chamber is formed using a source gas including a metal precursor. The process chamber is purged and pumped out to remove a remaining source gas therein and to remove any metal precursor physisorbed on the precursor thin film. The forming of the precursor thin film and the purging and pumping out of the process chamber are alternately and repeatedly performed to form a multi-layer precursor thin film. An oxidant is provided onto the multilayer precursor thin film to form a bulk oxide layer.

Abstract: Provided are methods of fabricating capacitors of semiconductor devices, the methods including: forming a lower electrode on a semiconductor substrate, performing a pre-process operation on the lower electrode for suppressing deterioration of the lower electrode during a process, forming a dielectric layer on the lower electrode using a source gas and an ozone gas, and forming an upper electrode on the dielectric layer, wherein the pre-process operation and the forming of the dielectric layer may be performed in one device capable of atomic layer deposition.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes an isolation layer defining an active region formed in a semiconductor substrate. A first recessing process is performed on the isolation layer to expose edge portions of the active region. A first rounding process is performed to round the edge portions of the active region. A second recessing process is performed on the isolation layer. A second rounding process is performed to round the edge portions of the active region.

Abstract: In a method of forming a capacitor, a seed stopper and a sacrificial layer is formed on an insulating interlayer having a plug therethrough. An opening is formed through the sacrificial layer and the seed stopper to expose the plug. A seed is formed on an innerwall of the opening. A lower electrode is formed covering the seed on the innerwall of the opening. The sacrificial layer and the seed are removed. A dielectric layer and an upper electrode are sequentially formed on the lower electrode.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes an isolation layer defining an active region formed in a semiconductor substrate. A first recessing process is performed on the isolation layer to expose edge portions of the active region. A first rounding process is performed to round the edge portions of the active region. A second recessing process is performed on the isolation layer. A second rounding process is performed to round the edge portions of the active region.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes an isolation layer defining an active region formed in a semiconductor substrate. A first recessing process is performed on the isolation layer to expose edge portions of the active region. A first rounding process is performed to round the edge portions of the active region. A second recessing process is performed on the isolation layer. A second rounding process is performed to round the edge portions of the active region.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes an isolation layer defining an active region formed in a semiconductor substrate. A first recessing process is performed on the isolation layer to expose edge portions of the active region. A first rounding process is performed to round the edge portions of the active region. A second recessing process is performed on the isolation layer. A second rounding process is performed to round the edge portions of the active region.

Abstract: A method of forming a semiconductor device includes forming a lower electrode layer on a substrate, forming a surface oxide layer on the lower electrode layer, partially removing the lower electrode layer to form a lower electrode, removing the surface oxide layer to expose the lower electrode, forming a capacitor dielectric layer on the lower electrode, and forming an upper electrode on the capacitor dielectric layer.