Abstract: Provided is a natural convection-driven polymerase chain reaction (PCR) apparatus and method, which can periodically change temperature of a sample to make a natural convection-driven flow in a loop-shaped channel on a disposable polymer chip and contacting heating metal members maintained at different temperatures with channels. The natural convection-driven PCR apparatus includes: a polymer chip having a plurality of channels connected together to form a loop-shaped microchannel, a sample being filled inside the channels; a plurality of heating metal members contacting the loop-shaped microchannel of the polymer chip and transferring heat; a temperature controller connected to the heating metal members to maintain the heating metal members at different temperatures; a plurality of heaters connected to the heating metal members and the temperature controller to supply heat to the heating metal members; and temperature sensors connected to the heating metal members and the temperature controller.

Abstract: There is provided a surface plasmon resonance imaging sensor capable of performing absolute calibration comprising: a transparent substrate; a first prism and a second prism formed at one surface of the substrate and symmetrically positioned with reference to the center axis of the substrate; an optical system for providing light to the first and second prisms; and a light receiving part for detecting the light reflected from the substrate, wherein a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) angle change of an object to be measured by the first prism is measured, and a refractive index change on each pixel of the object is obtained as a two-dimensional difference image by the second prism.

Abstract: Provided are a fall detecting apparatus and method and an emergency aid system and method using the same. The fall detecting apparatus includes a storing unit configured to store fall data vectors; an angular velocity measuring unit configured to measure an angular velocity value; an acceleration measuring unit configured to measure an acceleration value; an acceleration extracting unit configured to extract a kinetic acceleration value and a gravitational acceleration value by filtering the acceleration value measured by the acceleration measuring unit; and a fall determining unit configured to convert the angular velocity value, which is measured by the angular velocity measuring unit, and the kinetic acceleration value and the gravitational acceleration value, which are extracted by the acceleration extracting unit, into a fall data vector, and determine a use's fall by comparing the converted fall data vector with the fall data vector stored in the storing unit.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for comparing structures of proteins by extracting main axes of the proteins using principal components analysis (PCA), dividing regions using grids into voxels for precise structure alignment, and placing the proteins respectively in the regions to calculate a similarity between the proteins by autocorrelation. The apparatus for comparing protein structures using principal components analysis (PCA) and autocorrelation includes: a PCA calculator for receiving a query protein for extracting a main axis of the query protein; a voxel generator for receiving information about the main axis from the PCA calculator and dividing a predetermined region using a grid to determine whether the divided region is occupied by the query protein for generating voxels of the query protein; and a comparison processor for performing an autocorrelation calculation between voxels of one protein and voxels of the other protein that are generated by the voxel generator.

Abstract: Provided is a method for modifying the surface of cycloolefin copolymer substrates, which includes oxygen plasma treatment and acid treatment for immobilizing a variety of functional groups or compounds having the functional groups onto the surface so that the surface can be easily modified, or can have hydrophilic property or biocompatibility. The method for modifying surface of cycloolefin copolymer substrates includes the steps of: a) treating the surface of a cycloolefin copolymer substrate with oxygen plasma to form hydroxyl groups on the surface; b) treating the oxygen plasma treated surface with an acid; and c) immobilizing one or more compounds having a functional group to the acid treated surface.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for normalizing a protein name using ontology mapping. A method for normalizing a protein name using ontology mapping, which includes the steps of: a) extracting a protein name from an input of a biological article; b) analyzing a protein code corresponding to the protein name by calculating similarities between the protein name and synonyms of a synonym dictionary created through an ontology; c) classifying protein species information included in the biological article using a predetermined species classification learning model; and d) assigning an ontology identification (ID) created by combining the analyzed protein code and the classified protein species information to the protein name.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for detecting bio-complexes that are important sub protein interaction networks using a rule-based template in large interaction networks present in a single species.

Abstract: A method for measuring a bone mineral density, by use of an x-ray image, in a bone mineral density measuring system, includes the steps of: (a) obtaining an X-ray image of bone; (b) setting a region of interest on the obtained X-ray image of bone; (c) calculating a background trend due to soft tissues, at a bone portion within the selected region of interest; and (d) calculating an index of the bone mineral density by removing the background trend due to the soft tissues, at the bone portion within the selected region of interest.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for recognizing biological named entity from biological literature based on united medical language system (UMLS). The apparatus and the method receives metathesaurus from the UMLS, constructs a concept name database, a single name database and a category keyterm database, which are language resources to be used recognize a named entity, receives each concept name stored in the concept name database, extracts features of each of the concept names by using data stored in the single name database and the category keyterm database, constructs a rule database by creating rules used to recognize the named entity and filtering the rules by using the extracted features, receives a biological literature, extracts nouns and noun phrases that are candidate named entities, applies the rules stored in the rule database to the nouns and the noun phrases, and recognizes the named entities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sensor system for measuring the changes of refractive index and for the thickness variation of a sample medium, and the variations in concentration of a liquid sample using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) or a sensor chip constituting the surface plasmon microscope (SPM). The surface plasmon resonance sensor system comprises a sensor chip having a sensor element on which a measuring sample is located, the sensor element is composed of a first adhesion layer, a conductive thin film, a second adhesion layer and a transparent thin film sequentially stacked on a transparent substrate; a prism attached under the sensor chip; a light source for providing light to the sensor chip through the prism; and a light-detecting element for measuring variations in the refractive index caused by resonance of surface plasmon on the conductive thin film.

Abstract: A method for evaluating a structural strength of cancellous bone and a computer readable media incorporating a program for implementing the method therein. The method includes the steps of acquiring an x-ray image and defining a region of interest on the acquired x-ray image; extracting a bone trabecular pattern in the defined region of interest; and setting an index of the structural strength of the cancellous bone using an area density of the extracted bone trabecular pattern.

Abstract: A method for measuring a bone mineral density, by use of an x-ray image, in a bone mineral density measuring system, includes the steps of: (a) obtaining an X-ray image of bone; (b) setting a region of interest on the obtained X-ray image of bone; (c) calculating a background trend due to soft tissues, at a bone portion within the selected region of interest; and (d) calculating an index of the bone mineral density by removing the background trend due to the soft tissues, at the bone portion within the selected region of interest.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a trabecular index using a trabecular pattern displayed on an X-ray image and a method for estimating a bone mineral density using trabecular indices are disclosed. The method for obtaining the trabecular index analyzes trabecular pattern changes, due to decalcifications of trabeculae, displayed on the X-ray picture and quantifies the changes, thereby obtaining the trabecular index. The method for estimating the bone mineral density obtains trabecular indices and then estimates the bone mineral density corresponding to the trabecular index using a functional relation between the trabecular index and actual bone mineral density.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for evaluating a structural strength of cancellous bone and a computer readable media incorporating a program for implementing the method therein. The method includes the steps of acquiring an x-ray image and defining a region of interest on the acquired x-ray image; extracting a bone trabecular pattern in the defined region of interest; and setting an index of the structural strength of the cancellous bone using an area density of the extracted bone trabecular pattern.

Abstract: A method for calibrating a trabecular index with a sawtooth-shaped rack which corrects an error in the trabecular index due to the characteristics of an image input device or radiographic conditions of an x-ray image when a bone mineral density is measured by setting up the trabecular index with trabecular patterns of a simple x-ray image. The present invention includes a method for calibrating the trabecular index with a sawtooth-shaped rack, wherein bone mineral density is measured with the trabecular index calculated from an x-ray image and an error in the trabecular index is calibrated by a method of calibrating the trabecular index, the method includes the following steps. A first step is preparing an x-ray image by radiographing a bone and a sawtooth-shaped rack together. A second step is attaining trabecular indexes from the x-ray image of the rack and the bone. And, a third step is calibrating the trabecular index of the bone with the trabecular index of the rack.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of establishing a range of somatic fat by Gaussian function approximation in a computerized tomography to automatically establish through Gaussian function approximation by using least square method the range of somatic fat which is used at the time of measuring the somatic fat by using the computerized tomography, comprising the steps of separating an intra-abdominal cavity and an extra-abdominal cavity at the time of measuring amounts of subcutaneous fat and intra-abdominal cavity fat by using the computerized tomography, preparing a histogram of Hounsfield values of the separated intra-abdominal cavity and extra-abdominal cavity, approximating the prepared histogram to Gaussian function by using least square method and establishing the range of somatic fat by using a position and width of peak of the obtained Gaussian function.

Abstract: There is disclosed a bifrequency output device. The bifrequency output device comprises Josephson junctions, a resistor for generating a given voltage in response to a pulse current which is supplied from the outside, and a time delay element for delaying the voltage generated by the resistor during a given time period and then providing it to the superconducting elements, so that the bifrequency output device outputs different low frequency and low voltage and high frequency and high voltage depending on the initial condition of the superconducting elements constituting the Josephson junctions and the voltage with a given delay time which is induced to the superconducting elements.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a probabilistic switch using multiplicative noise, which can be used in a probabilistic computer is disclosed. The probabilistic switch, in which the probability varies with the initial condition and multiplicative noise intensity, is realized by applying the multiplicative noise whose intensity varies with the state of a nonlinear device to the nonlinear device. When the switch is applied to a probabilistic computer, a complicated problem can be solved rapidly in shorter time.

Abstract: The present invention to provide a method for determining positive and negative emotional states by using a relative power in a subband of a specific frequency band increases or decreases in the course of time. In order to realize the above object, the present invention determines positive and negative emotional states by using a relative power in a subband of a specific frequency band increases or decreases with the lapse of time. The present invention performs a Fourier transform for a unit time not an entire response time regarding a stimulus, and can be used in real time by using a time-frequency analysis method continuously executed with the lapse of time.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for amplifying voltage to which a test will be given in Josephon junction having external current, and more particularly, to a method for amplifying voltage in Josephon junction in which the voltage in a simple Josephon junction having an external current can be amplified by inserting an external colored noise into the external current.