Abstract: Embodiments herein describe techniques for a thin-film transistor (TFT), which may include a substrate and a transistor above the substrate. The transistor includes a channel layer above the substrate, where the channel layer includes a first region and a second region, and the first region has a first dopant concentration. A gate electrode is above the first region of the channel layer and separated from the channel layer by a gate dielectric layer. A spacer is next to the gate electrode to separate the gate electrode from a drain electrode or a source electrode above the channel layer. The spacer includes a dopant material in contact with the second region of the channel layer, and the second region has a second dopant concentration different from the first dopant concentration in the first region. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

Abstract: Embodiments herein describe techniques for a thin-film transistor (TFT) above a substrate. The transistor includes a contact electrode having a conductive material above the substrate, an epitaxial layer above the contact electrode, and a channel layer including a channel material above the epitaxial layer and above the contact electrode. The channel layer is in contact at least partially with the epitaxial layer. A conduction band of the channel material and a conduction band of a material of the epitaxial layer are substantially aligned with an energy level of the conductive material of the contact electrode. A bandgap of the material of the epitaxial layer is smaller than a bandgap of the channel material. Furthermore, a gate electrode is above the channel layer, and separated from the channel layer by a gate dielectric layer. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

Abstract: Embodiments herein describe techniques for a transistor above the substrate. The transistor includes a first gate dielectric layer with a first gate dielectric material above a gate electrode, and a second dielectric layer with a second dielectric material above a portion of the first gate dielectric layer. A first portion of a channel layer overlaps with only the first gate dielectric layer, while a second portion of the channel layer overlaps with the first gate dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer. A first portion of a contact electrode overlaps with the first portion of the channel layer, and overlaps with only the first gate dielectric layer, while a second portion of the contact electrode overlaps with the second portion of the channel layer, and overlaps with the first gate dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

Abstract: Embodiments herein describe techniques for a semiconductor device including a substrate and a transistor above the substrate. The transistor includes a channel layer above the substrate, a conductive contact stack above the substrate and in contact with the channel layer, and a gate electrode separated from the channel layer by a gate dielectric layer. The conductive contact stack may be a drain electrode or a source electrode. In detail, the conductive contact stack includes at least a metal layer, and at least a metal sealant layer to reduce hydrogen diffused into the channel layer through the conductive contact stack. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure has a substrate including silicon and a layer of relaxed buffer material on the substrate with a thickness no greater than 300 nm. The buffer material comprises silicon and germanium with a germanium concentration from 20 to 45 atomic percent. A source and a drain are on top of the buffer material. A body extends between the source and drain, where the body is monocrystalline semiconductor material comprising silicon and germanium with a germanium concentration of at least 30 atomic percent. A gate structure is wrapped around the body.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided which comprises: a semiconductor region on a substrate, a gate stack on the semiconductor region, a source region of doped semiconductor material on the substrate adjacent a first side of the semiconductor region, a cap region on the substrate adjacent a second side of the semiconductor region, wherein the cap region comprises semiconductor material of a higher band gap than the semiconductor region, and a drain region comprising doped semiconductor material on the cap region. Other embodiments are also disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are memory cells and memory arrays, as well as related methods and devices. For example, in some embodiments, a memory device may include: a support having a surface; and a three-dimensional array of memory cells on the surface of the support, wherein individual memory cells include a transistor and a capacitor, and a channel of the transistor in an individual memory cell is oriented parallel to the surface.

Abstract: A replacement fin in a heterogeneous FinFET transistor in which source and drain regions are grown in corresponding trenches that extend into a sub-fin region. This depth of the epitaxial source/drain regions, in combination with the selected materials, can reduce off-state leakage while also keeping high defect density portions out of the active portions of the source and drain. In one embodiment, materials are selected for the source and drain regions that have an energy band offset from the material selected for the substrate. This band offset between the source/drain material can further reduce sub-fin leakage.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for forming a GaN transistor on a semiconductor substrate. An insulating layer forms on top of a semiconductor substrate. A trench, filled with a trench material comprising a III-V semiconductor material, forms through the insulating layer and extends into the semiconductor substrate. A channel structure, containing III-V material having a defect density lower than the trench material, forms directly on top of the insulating layer and adjacent to the trench. A source and drain form on opposite sides of the channel structure, and a gate forms on the channel structure. The semiconductor substrate forms a plane upon which both GaN transistors and other transistors can form.

Abstract: An apparatus including a transistor device including a channel including germanium disposed on a substrate; a buffer layer disposed on the substrate between the channel and the substrate, wherein the buffer layer includes silicon germanium; and a seed layer disposed on the substrate between the buffer layer and the substrate, wherein the seed layer includes germanium. A method including forming seed layer on a silicon substrate, wherein the seed layer includes germanium; forming a buffer layer on the seed layer, wherein the buffer layer includes silicon germanium; and forming a transistor device including a channel on the buffer layer.

Abstract: Envelope-tracking control techniques are disclosed for highly-efficient radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers. In some cases, a III-V semiconductor material (e.g., GaN or other group III material-nitride (III-N) compounds) MOSFET including a high-k gate dielectric may be used to achieve such highly-efficient RF power amplifiers. The use of a high-k gate dielectric can help to ensure low gate leakage and provide high input impedance for RF power amplifiers. Such high input impedance enables the use of envelope-tracking control techniques that include gate voltage (Vg) modulation of the III-V MOSFET used for the RF power amplifier. In such cases, being able to modulate Vg of the RF power amplifier using, for example, a voltage regulator, can result in double-digit percentage gains in power-added efficiency (PAE). In some instances, the techniques may simultaneously utilize envelope-tracking control techniques that include drain voltage (Vd) modulation of the III-V MOSFET used for the RF power amplifier.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include a high voltage transistor with one or more field plates and methods of forming such transistors. According to an embodiment, the transistor may include a source region, a drain region, and a gate electrode formed over a channel region formed between the source region and drain region. Embodiments of the invention may also include a first interlayer dielectric (ILD) formed over the channel region and a second ILD formed over the first ILD. According to an embodiment, a first field plate may be formed in the second ILD. In an embodiment the first field plate is not formed as a single bulk conductive feature with the gate electrode. In some embodiments, the first field plate may be electrically coupled to the gate electrode by one or more vias. In alternative embodiments, the first field plate may be electrically isolated from the gate electrode.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for forming self-aligned transistor structures including two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) source/drain tip portions or tips. In some cases, the 2DEG source/drain tips utilize polarization doping to enable ultra-short transistor channel lengths of less than 20 nm, for example, and create highly conductive, thin source/drain tip portions in transistor devices. In some instances, the 2DEG source/drain tips can be formed by self-aligned regrowth of a polarization layer over a base III-V compound layer and on either side of a dummy gate, in locations to be substantially covered by spacers. In some cases, the III-V base layer may include gallium nitride (GaN) or indium gallium nitride (InGaN), for example, and the polarization layer may include aluminum indium nitride (AlInN), aluminum nitride (AlN), aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN), or aluminum indium gallium nitride (AlInGaN), for example.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure are in the field of advanced integrated circuit structure fabrication and, in particular, integrated circuit structures having germanium-based channels are described. In an example, an integrated circuit structure includes a fin having a lower silicon portion, an intermediate germanium portion on the lower silicon portion, and a silicon germanium portion on the intermediate germanium portion. An isolation structure is along sidewalls of the lower silicon portion of the fin. A gate stack is over a top of and along sidewalls of an upper portion of the fin and on a top surface of the isolation structure. A first source or drain structure is at a first side of the gate stack. A second source or drain structure is at a second side of the gate stack.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for forming transistor devices having reduced interfacial resistance in a local interconnect. The local interconnect can be a material having similar composition to that of the source/drain material. That composition can be a metal alloy of a group IV element such as nickel germanide. The local interconnect of the semiconductor integrated circuit can function in the absence of barrier and liner layers. The devices can be used on MOS transistors including PMOS transistors.

Abstract: Thin film transistors are described. An integrated circuit structure includes a first source or drain contact above a substrate. A gate stack pedestal is on the first source or drain contact, the gate stack pedestal including a first gate dielectric layer, a gate electrode layer on the first gate dielectric layer, a second gate dielectric layer on the gate electrode layer, and gate dielectric sidewalls along the first gate dielectric layer, the gate electrode layer and the second gate dielectric layer. A channel material layer is over and along sidewalls of the gate stack pedestal, the channel material layer further on a portion of the first source or drain contact. Dielectric spacers are adjacent portions of the channel material layer along the sidewalls of the gate stack pedestal. A second source or drain contact is over a portion of the channel material layer over the gate stack pedestal.

Abstract: Thin film transistors having U-shaped features are described. In an example, integrated circuit structure including a gate electrode above a substrate, the gate electrode having a trench therein. A channel material layer is over the gate electrode and in the trench, the channel material layer conformal with the trench. A first source or drain contact is coupled to the channel material layer at a first end of the channel material layer outside of the trench. A second source or drain contact is coupled to the channel material layer at a second end of the channel material layer outside of the trench.

Abstract: Embodiments herein describe techniques for a semiconductor device including a transistor. The transistor includes a first metal contact as a source electrode, a second metal contact as a drain electrode, a channel area between the source electrode and the drain electrode, and a third metal contact aligned with the channel area as a gate electrode. The first metal contact may be located in a first metal layer along a first direction. The second metal contact may be located in a second metal layer along the first direction, in parallel with the first metal contact. The third metal contact may be located in a third metal layer along a second direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction. The third metal layer is between the first metal layer and the second metal layer. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for forming transistors employing a source/drain (S/D) cap layer for Ge-rich S/D regions to, e.g., help suppress contact metal piping. Contact metal piping occurs when metal material from the S/D contact region diffuses into the channel region, which can lead to a reduction of the effective gate length and can even cause device shorting/failure. The S/D cap layer includes silicon (Si) and/or carbon (C) to help suppress the continuous reaction of contact metal material with the Ge-rich S/D material (e.g., Ge or SiGe with at least 50% Ge concentration by atomic percentage), thereby reducing or preventing the diffusion of metal from the S/D contact region into the channel region as subsequent processing occurs. In addition, the Si and/or C-based S/D cap layer is more selective to contact trench etch than the doped Ge-rich material included in the S/D region, thereby increasing controllability during contact trench etch processing.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for forming germanium (Ge)-rich channel transistors including one or more dopant diffusion barrier elements. The introduction of one or more dopant diffusion elements into at least a portion of a given source/drain (S/D) region helps inhibit the undesired diffusion of dopant (e.g., B, P, or As) into the adjacent Ge-rich channel region. In some embodiments, the elements that may be included in a given S/D region to help prevent the undesired dopant diffusion include at least one of tin and relatively high silicon. Further, in some such embodiments, carbon may also be included to help prevent the undesired dopant diffusion. In some embodiments, the one or more dopant diffusion barrier elements may be included in an interfacial layer between a given S/D region and the Ge-rich channel region and/or throughout at least a majority of a given S/D region. Numerous embodiments, configurations, and variations will be apparent.