Abstract: A semiconductor device includes an active pattern provided on a substrate and a gate electrode crossing over the active pattern. The active pattern includes a first buffer pattern on the substrate, a channel pattern on the first buffer pattern, a doped pattern between the first buffer pattern and the channel pattern, and a second buffer pattern between the doped pattern and the channel pattern. The doped pattern includes graphene injected with an impurity.

Abstract: Methods of forming a semiconductor device may include forming a fin-type active pattern that extends in a first direction on a substrate, the fin-type active pattern including a lower pattern on the substrate and an upper pattern on the lower pattern. A field insulating layer is formed on the substrate, the sidewalls of the fin-type active pattern, and a portion upper pattern protruding further away from the substrate than a top surface of the field insulating layer. A dummy gate pattern that intersects the fin-type active pattern and that extends in a second direction that is different from the first direction is formed. The methods include forming dummy gate spacers on side walls of the dummy gate pattern, forming recesses in the fin-type active pattern on both sides of the dummy gate pattern and forming source and drain regions on both sides of the dummy gate pattern.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices are provided. A semiconductor device includes a substrate. The semiconductor device includes an isolation layer defining active portions of the substrate that are spaced apart from each other in a direction. The semiconductor device includes an epitaxial layer on the active portions. The semiconductor device includes a metal silicide layer on the epitaxial layer. Moreover, the semiconductor device includes a contact structure that only partially overlaps the metal silicide layer on the epitaxial layer. Related methods of forming semiconductor devices are also provided.

Abstract: A semiconductor device can include a field insulation layer including a planar major surface extending in first and second orthogonal directions and a protruding portion that protrudes a particular distance from the major surface relative to the first and second orthogonal directions. First and second multi-channel active fins can extend on the field insulation layer, and can be separated from one another by the protruding portion. A conductive layer can extend from an uppermost surface of the protruding portion to cross over the protruding portion between the first and second multi-channel active fins.

Abstract: A semiconductor device can include a field insulation layer including a planar major surface extending in first and second orthogonal directions and a protruding portion that protrudes a particular distance from the major surface relative to the first and second orthogonal directions. First and second multi-channel active fins can extend on the field insulation layer, and can be separated from one another by the protruding portion. A conductive layer can extend from an uppermost surface of the protruding portion to cross over the protruding portion between the first and second multi-channel active fins.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices may include a plurality of active fins each extending in a first direction on a substrate, a gate structure extending on the active fins in a second direction, and a first source/drain layer on first active fins of the active fins adjacent the gate structure. At least one of two opposing sidewalls of a cross-section of the first source/drain layer taken along the second direction may include a curved portion having a slope with respect to an upper surface of the substrate. The slope may decrease from a bottom toward a top thereof.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate, a gate structure, a first impurity region, and a second impurity region. The gate structure may cross over a first active region and a second active region of the substrate. The first insulation structure including a first insulation material may be formed on the first active region, and may be spaced apart from opposite sides of the gate structure. The second insulation structure including a second insulation material different from the first insulation material may be formed on the second active region, and may be spaced apart from opposite sides of the gate structure. The first impurity region may be formed at a portion of the first active region between the gate structure and the first insulation structure, and may be doped with p-type impurities. The second impurity region may be formed at a portion of the second active region between the gate structure and the second insulation structure, and may be doped with n-type, impurities.

Abstract: A method includes forming mask patterns spaced apart from each other by at least one opening on an etch target layer, filling the opening with a block copolymer material including first and second polymer blocks of different properties, and annealing the block copolymer material to form first patterns and second patterns, the first patterns in contact with facing sidewalls of adjacent ones of the mask patterns, respectively, and at least one of the second patterns between the first patterns. The first patterns include the first polymer blocks and the second patterns include the second polymer blocks.

Abstract: A method includes forming mask patterns spaced apart from each other by at least one opening on an etch target layer, filling the opening with a block copolymer material including first and second polymer blocks of different properties, and annealing the block copolymer material to form first patterns and second patterns, the first patterns in contact with facing sidewalls of adjacent ones of the mask patterns, respectively, and at least one of the second patterns between the first patterns. The first patterns include the first polymer blocks and the second patterns include the second polymer blocks.

Abstract: A semiconductor device, a field effect transistor, and a fin field effect transistor are provided. The semiconductor device may include a channel layer, a source/drain layer, and a gate electrode. The channel layer is provided on a substrate and extends in a direction perpendicular to a top surface of the substrate. The source/drain layer is disposed at a side of the channel layer and is electrically connected to the channel layer. The gate electrode is provided adjacent to at least one of surfaces of the channel layer. The channel layer includes a two-dimensional atomic layer made of a first material.

Abstract: Methods of forming a semiconductor device may include forming a fin-type active pattern that extends in a first direction on a substrate, the fin-type active pattern including a lower pattern on the substrate and an upper pattern on the lower pattern. A field insulating layer is formed on the substrate, the sidewalls of the fin-type active pattern, and a portion upper pattern protruding further away from the substrate than a top surface of the field insulating layer. A dummy gate pattern that intersects the fin-type active pattern and that extends in a second direction that is different from the first direction is formed. The methods include forming dummy gate spacers on side walls of the dummy gate pattern, forming recesses in the fin-type active pattern on both sides of the dummy gate pattern and forming source and drain regions on both sides of the dummy gate pattern.

Abstract: Disclosed are CMOS device and CMOS inverter. The CMOS device includes a substrate having active lines extending in a first direction and defined by a device isolation layer, the substrate being divided into an NMOS area, a PMOS area and a boundary area interposed between the NMOS and the PMOS areas and having the device isolation layer without the active line, a gate line extending in a second direction across the active lines and having a first gate structure on the active line in the first area, a second gate structure on the active line in the second and a third gate structure on the device isolation layer in the third area. The electrical resistance and parasitic capacitance of the third gate structure are smaller than those of the NMOS and the PMOS gate structures. Accordingly, better AC and DC performance of the CMOS device can be obtained.

Abstract: A field effect transistor and a semiconductor device including the same are provided. The semiconductor device may include a channel layer, which is provided on a substrate and includes a two-dimensional atomic layer made of a first material, and a source/drain layer, which is provided on the substrate and includes a second material. The first material may be one of phosphorus allotropes, the second material may be one of carbon allotropes, and the channel layer and the source/drain layer may be connected to each other by covalent bonds between the first and second materials.

Abstract: In semiconductor devices in which both NMOS devices and PMOS devices are used to perform in different modes such as analog and digital modes, stress engineering is selectively applied to particular devices depending on their required operational modes. That is, the appropriate mechanical stress, i.e., tensile or compressive, can be applied to and/or removed from devices, i.e., NMOS and/or PMOS devices, based not only on their conductivity type, i.e., n-type or p-type, but also on their intended operational application, for example, analog/digital, low-voltage/high-voltage, high-speed/low-speed, noise-sensitive/noise-insensitive, etc. The result is that performance of individual devices is optimized based on the mode in which they operate.

Abstract: Methods of forming a semiconductor device may include forming a fin-type active pattern that extends in a first direction on a substrate, the fin-type active pattern including a lower pattern on the substrate and an upper pattern on the lower pattern. A field insulating layer is formed on the substrate, the sidewalls of the fin-type active pattern, and a portion upper pattern protruding further away from the substrate than a top surface of the field insulating layer. A dummy gate pattern that intersects the fin-type active pattern and that extends in a second direction that is different from the first direction is formed. The methods include forming dummy gate spacers on side walls of the dummy gate pattern, forming recesses in the fin-type active pattern on both sides of the dummy gate pattern and forming source and drain regions on both sides of the dummy gate pattern.

Abstract: The inventive concepts provide semiconductor devices and methods of manufacturing the same. One semiconductor device includes a substrate, a device isolation layer disposed on the substrate, a fin-type active pattern defined by the device isolation layer and having a top surface higher than a top surface of the device isolation layer, a first conductive line disposed on an edge portion of the fin-type active pattern and on the device isolation layer adjacent to the edge portion of the fin-type active pattern, and an insulating thin layer disposed between the fin-type active pattern and the first conductive line. The first conductive line forms a gate electrode of an anti-fuse that may be applied with a write voltage.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided. The semiconductor device includes a first fin on a substrate, a first gate electrode formed on the substrate to intersect the first fin, a first elevated source/drain on the first fin on both sides of the first gate electrode, and a first metal alloy layer on an upper surface and sidewall of the first elevated source/drain.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices are provided. A semiconductor device includes a substrate. The semiconductor device includes an isolation layer defining active portions of the substrate that are spaced apart from each other in a direction. The semiconductor device includes an epitaxial layer on the active portions. The semiconductor device includes a metal silicide layer on the epitaxial layer. Moreover, the semiconductor device includes a contact structure that only partially overlaps the metal silicide layer on the epitaxial layer. Related methods of forming semiconductor devices are also provided.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a gate on a substrate, a gate insulating layer along a sidewall and a bottom surface of the gate, and an L-shaped spacer structure on both sidewalls of the gate. A structure extends the distance between the gate and source/drain regions to either side of the gate.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices may include a plurality of active fins each extending in a first direction on a substrate, a gate structure extending on the active fins in a second direction, and a first source/drain layer on first active fins of the active fins adjacent the gate structure. At least one of two opposing sidewalls of a cross-section of the first source/drain layer taken along the second direction may include a curved portion having a slope with respect to an upper surface of the substrate. The slope may decrease from a bottom toward a top thereof.