Abstract: An image encoding apparatus configured to perform sub-band encoding, the apparatus includes: a plurality of encoding units configured to encode an image signal separated into a plurality of sections; a plurality of storage units configured to hold data encoded by the encoding units; and a control unit configured to determine capacities of encoded data of the section of the separated image signal on the basis of statistical information capacities of the section of the separated image signal and data capacities after encoding by the encoding units.

Abstract: A processing-coefficient decision unit decides a processing coefficient based on a format of the stream. A target-PTS decision unit multiplies an input PTS value by the processing coefficient, to set this as a target PTS used to determine the continuity of the pictures. A reference-PTS calculation unit sets the target PTS as an initial value of a reference PTS, sequentially adds an increment corresponding to the PTS value per picture, and calculates the reference PTS which is compared with the target PTS. A difference calculation unit calculates a difference between the target PTS and the reference PTS. A threshold determination unit compares an absolute value of the difference with the processing coefficient being a threshold and determines whether the absolute value of the difference is less than the processing coefficient.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a liquid crystal panel having a pair of substrates with a liquid crystal layer interposed therebetween, a plurality of light receivers that receives an ambient light and obtains an intensity information of the ambient light, and a controller that controls a display state of an image to be displayed on the liquid crystal panel. In the liquid crystal device, in at least one of the plurality of light receivers, sensitivity for the ambient light differs from the sensitivity of the other light receiver.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes an insulating substrate, a switching element, at least one PIN diode, and at least one reflector. The switching element includes a first polysilicon semiconductor layer formed on the insulating substrate, and a gate electrode formed between the insulating substrate and the first semiconductor layer. Each of the at least one PIN diode includes a second polysilicon semiconductor layer formed on the insulating substrate. The at least one reflector is formed in the same layer as the gate electrode and opposite the second semiconductor layer or layers of the at least one PIN diode.

Abstract: A decoder is disclosed. A video decoder extracts, when receiving a video stream, video output time information attached to each video frame. Thereafter, a difference value calculator calculates a difference value between an occurrence time of a synchronizing signal and the video output time information. Further, an audio output time corrector corrects, using the difference value, audio output time information attached to each audio frame. Then, a video source outputs video represented by a video frame in synchronization with a synchronizing signal. An audio source outputs, when a value of reference time information and a corrected value of the audio output time information are synchronized, audio represented by an audio frame with the synchronized audio output time information.

Abstract: Provided is a Schottky emitter having the conical end with a radius of curvature of 2.0 ?m on the emission side of an electron beam. Since a radius of curvature is 1 ?m or more, a focal length of an electron gun can be longer than in a conventional practice wherein a radius of curvature is in the range of from 0.5 ?m to not more than 0.6 ?m. The focal length was found to be roughly proportional to the radius of the curvature. Since the angular current intensity (the beam current per unit solid angle) is proportional to square of the electron gun focal length, the former can be improved by an order of magnitude within a practicable increase in the emitter radius. A higher angular current intensity means a larger beam current available from the electron gun and the invention enables the Schottky emitters to be used in applications which require relatively high beam current of microampere regime such as microfocus X-ray tube, electron probe micro-analyzer, and electron beam lithography system.

Abstract: A method of driving an electro-optical device that has a plurality of pixel circuits provided so as to correspond to intersections of a plurality of scanning lines and a plurality of data lines, a first scanning line driving circuit for selecting odd-numbered scanning lines, a second scanning line driving circuit for selecting even-numbered scanning lines, and a data line driving circuit for supplying data signals corresponding to the selected scanning line through the data lines. The method includes, in a first mode, supplying enable signals having different phases to the first and second scanning line driving circuits, respectively, so as to alternately select odd-numbered and even-numbered scanning lines, and, in a second mode different from the first mode, supplying enable signals having the same phase to the first and second scanning line driving circuits, respectively, so as to simultaneously select adjacent odd-numbered and even-numbered scanning lines two by two.

Abstract: A driving circuit of an electro-optical device, a capacitance-line-driving circuit shifting voltage of a capacitance line to one voltage of two-value voltage, and the capacitance-line-driving circuit includes a unit control circuit provided correspondingly to the capacitance line at both end portions of the capacitance line, and the unit control circuit corresponding to one capacitance line includes, a latch circuit maintaining a logic level at one level for at least a period of the scanning line corresponding to the one capacitance line being selected, a switch provided between the capacitance line and a signal line supplying a capacitance signal in which the two-value voltage is switched over at a predetermined cycle, the switch being electrically connected when the logic level is one level and electrically disconnected when the logic level is the other level.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal device including: a liquid crystal panel which includes first and second substrates supporting a liquid crystal layer in a sandwich manner and a sealing material disposed between the first and second substrate to seal the liquid crystal layer, and on which illumination light is irradiated from the rear side thereof; an optical plate disposed in the front side of the liquid crystal panel; and a control element that controls a display status of an image displayed on the liquid crystal panel, wherein: the liquid crystal panel includes a light receiving element that receives ambient light; and the light receiving element is disposed in a position where at least a portion of a light receiving surface thereof does not overlap the optical plate when seen from a plan view.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, liquid crystal, a switching element, a signal wiring, a planarizing film, a first electrode, an electrode insulating film, a second electrode, and a terminal. The terminal is provided at least in a portion of a region on the first substrate in which the planarizing film is not formed. The terminal includes a terminal body portion, a terminal insulating film, and a terminal electrode portion. The terminal body portion is made of the same material as that of the signal wiring. The terminal insulating film is made of the same material as that of the electrode insulating film. The terminal electrode portion is made of the same material as that of the second electrode. The terminal electrode portion is electrically connected to the terminal body portion through the opening region.

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel includes a terminal group made of first to third terminal groups. A driving signal is supplied to the first and the third terminal groups. At the same time, an image signal is supplied to the second terminal group. The driving signal includes a higher frequency component than the image signal. Input terminals of the first and the third terminal groups have a larger area than the input terminals of the second terminal group, and thus the contact resistance thereof is small. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent the driving signal from becoming dull.

Abstract: A packet error correcting apparatus includes a retransmission request controlling unit controlling a timing of transmission of a retransmission request to a packet transmitting apparatus from a retransmission request transmitting unit according to whether an error correcting unit can restore the lost packet within a predetermined time period when loss of the packet is detected. In a packet receiving apparatus supporting both Forward Error Correction (FEC) and Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ), it is possible to control a timing of transmission of a retransmission request when packet loss occurs, thereby to regenerate video and/or voice with the most suitable delay time while suppressing transmission of unnecessary retransmission requests.

Abstract: An electra-optical device includes an electra-optical panel having scanning lines, data lines, and pixels corresponding to intersections of the scanning lines and the data lines. First and second scanning line driving circuits output scanning signals to odd-numbered scanning lines and even-numbered scanning lines, respectively. A pixel forming region is located between the first and second scanning line driving circuits. Each of the first and second scanning line driving circuits includes a shift register unit, an output control circuit, and an output buffer unit. The shift register unit sequentially shifts a start pulse based on a clock signal to produce output signals. The output control circuit generates scanning signals based on logical products of the scanning signals from the other of the first and second scanning line driving circuits and the output signals. The output buffer unit outputs the scanning signals to the scanning lines.

Abstract: A test circuit for detecting an output signal from a driving circuit includes a judging circuit which outputs a detection signal when the output signal output from the driving circuit has one polarity, but does not output the detection signal when the output signal has the other polarity, and an amplifying circuit which amplifies the signal from the judging circuit.

Abstract: Provided is an electro-optical device including: pixel electrodes provided in intersections of gate lines and data lines; counter electrodes provided to face the pixel electrodes with an electro-optical material interposed therebetween; and storage capacitors each of which one end is connected to each of the pixel electrodes, wherein, if data line signals supplied to the pixel electrodes via the data lines correspond to writing of a positive polarity with respect to the potential of the counter electrodes, the potential of the other end of each of the storage capacitors is changed to a high potential side after the data line signals are written and, if the data line signals correspond to writing of a negative polarity with respect to the potential of the counter electrodes, the potential of the other end of each of the storage capacitors is held at a constant level before and after the data line signals are written.

Abstract: A driving circuit includes a scanning-line driving circuit applying an on potential to sequentially drive scanning-lines, a data-line driving circuit that, when the on potential is applied to each scanning-line, turns each data-line potential to a potential difference corresponding to a density based on a counter electrode potential and a potential corresponding to the same writing polarity among the scanning-lines, and a storage capacitor driving circuit which, when the on potential is applied to the scanning-lines and the data-line potential corresponds to positive polarity writing, shifts the other storage capacitor electrode potential in each storage capacitor to a high level after an off potential is applied to the scanning-lines, and, when the on potential is applied to the scanning-lines and the data-line potential corresponds to negative polarity writing, shifts the other storage capacitor electrode potential to a low level after the off potential is applied to the scanning-lines.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a substrate having unit pixels, each of which includes a plurality of subpixels arranged in a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns. The substrate includes switching elements, a first insulating film disposed at least on the switching elements, a first transparent electrode disposed on the first insulating film, a second transparent electrode disposed on the second insulating film, having a plurality of slits corresponding to each one of the subpixels, and generating an electric field through the slits between the first and second transparent electrodes. The direction in which a long side of each of the slits extends is defined to be different from the direction in which the columns extend.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes an insulating substrate, a switching element, at least one PIN diode, and at least one reflector. The switching element includes a first polysilicon semiconductor layer formed on the insulating substrate, and a gate electrode formed between the insulating substrate and the first semiconductor layer. Each of the at least one PIN diode includes a second polysilicon semiconductor layer formed on the insulating substrate. The at least one reflector is formed in the same layer as the gate electrode and opposite the second semiconductor layer or layers of the at least one PIN diode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a first substrate; a second substrate arranged to face the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a pixel electrode disposed over the substrate; and a common electrode overlapping the pixel electrode,, and the common electrode having curved portions between slits in the common electrode.

Abstract: An electrooptic device includes: a plurality of scanning lines; a plurality of m image signal lines; m connecting signal lines provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the m image signal lines, each connecting signal line being connected to the corresponding image signal line to feed a data signal; a plurality of data lines blocked by m lines, m data lines in one block being provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the m image signal lines; a scanning-line driving circuit that selects the plurality of scanning lines in a predetermined order; a block selecting circuit that outputs sampling signals indicative of the selection of the blocks in a predetermined order during a period selected for one scanning line; a sampling switch provided for each of the plurality of data lines, each sampling switch being turned on between the corresponding image signal line and data line when the sampling signal selects a block; and pixels provided at the intersections of the plurality of scanning lines and the pluralit