Abstract: A resin-bonded type magnet molded from a composition comprising a magnetic powder and a resin powder in which a resin binder comprises at least one unsaturated polyester resin cured product as the main ingredient. The resin binder contains a peroxide or a reaction product thereof capable of curing at a temperature of 150° C. or lower, and an anisotropic magnetic field of the magnetic powder is 50 kOe or more, and 50% by weight or more of the particles of magnetic powder has a grain size of 100 &mgr;m or less. The resin-bonded type magnet is obtained by molding by an injection molding process, an injection molding, a compression process, an injection compression molding process, an injection pressing molding process, or a transfer molding process.

Abstract: In a communication system for downloading programs from a center to in-vehicle terminals, a center can check whether downloading has been completed normally or a program is operating normally in an in-vehicle terminal. According to the timing of activating a downloaded program, an in-vehicle terminal checks whether the program is activated to operate normally. The information is transmitted to the center. Based on the information, the center becomes aware of the fact that downloading has been completed without any problem and that the program is operating normally in the in-vehicle terminal.

Abstract: The inventions relate to methods and systems suitable for sample observation using quantum dots. In an observation method wherein excitation light is applied to quantum dots, and light emitted from the quantum dots in a plurality of different wavelengths band is detected, the wavelength band of the excitation light is variably adjustable. An apparatus for carrying out the observation method includes a light source for producing excitation light to excite quantum dots, an illumination optical system for collecting and applying the excitation light to a sample containing the quantum dots, and a detection optical system for detecting light emitted from the quantum dots in a plurality of different wavelength bands. The illumination optical system has a variable filter device for adjusting the wavelength band of the excitation light.

Abstract: In a communication system for downloading programs from a center to in-vehicle terminals, a center can check whether downloading has been completed normally or a program is operating normally in an in-vehicle terminal. According to the timing of activating a downloaded program, an in-vehicle terminal checks whether the program is activated to operate normally. The information is transmitted to the center. Based on the information, the center becomes aware of the fact that downloading has been completed without any problem and that the program is operating normally in the in-vehicle terminal.

Abstract: A processing solution is supplied from processing-solution suppliers onto the surfaces of targets to be processed while a flow rate of the processing solution is being adjusted. The processing solution is fed from a processing-solution supply source at a specific pressure via a processing-solution pressure-up feeder. The pressure of the processing solution fed via the processing-solution pressure-up feeder is adjust to another specific pressure or more at least when the processing-solution suppliers are operating simultaneously. A flow-rate detector detects the flow rate of the processing solution supplied from each processing-solution supplier. A pressure detector detects the pressure of the processing solution fed via the processing-solution pressure-up feeder.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electromagnetic field simulation method that uses a reduced number of sampling points and is less affected by errors due to areading, a system using the same, and a recording medium having a program for the same recorded therein. In the electromagnetic field simulation method for calculating from an electric or magnetic field sampled in an aperture 3 an electric or magnetic field at a different site, sampling points are collocated according to a collocating rule having non-translation symmetry.

Abstract: Thermal processing unit sections each with ten tiers and coating processing unit sections each with five tiers are disposed around a first main wafer transfer section and a second main wafer transfer section, and in the thermal processing unit section, the influence of the time required for substrate temperature regulation processing on a drop in throughput can be reduced greatly by transferring the wafer W while the temperature of the wafer W is being regulated by a temperature regulation and transfer device.

Abstract: Thermal processing unit sections each with ten tiers and coating processing unit sections each with five tiers are disposed around a first main wafer transfer section and a second main wafer transfer section, and in the thermal processing unit section, the influence of the time required for substrate temperature regulation processing on a drop in throughput can be reduced greatly by transferring the wafer W while the temperature of the wafer W is being regulated by a temperature regulation and transfer device.

Abstract: Thermal processing unit sections each with ten tiers and coating processing unit sections each with five tiers are disposed around a first main wafer transfer section and a second main wafer transfer section, and in the thermal processing unit section, the influence of the time required for substrate temperature regulation processing on a drop in throughput can be reduced greatly by transferring the wafer W while the temperature of the wafer W is being regulated by a temperature regulation and transfer device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method capable of accurate imaging simulation even when the NA of illuminating light is large, or when the object under observation is not conformable to the 2.5-dimensional configuration, or when an image-forming optical system is focused to the inside of the object, and also relates to a system using the method. The imaging simulation method has a first step of calculating the electric field distribution of illuminating light entering a three-dimensional space containing an observation object, a second step of calculating the electric field distribution in the three-dimensional space of scattered light generated by interaction between the illuminating light and the observation object, and a third step of calculating imaging of the scattered light performed by an image-forming optical system by using the Helmholtz-Kirchhoff integral using a characteristic Green's function group of the image-forming optical system.

Abstract: In a communication system for downloading programs from a center to in-vehicle terminals, a center can check whether downloading has been completed normally or a program is operating normally in an in-vehicle terminal. According to the timing of activating a downloaded program, an in-vehicle terminal checks whether the program is activated to operate normally. The information is transmitted to the center. Based on the information, the center becomes aware of the fact that downloading has been completed without any problem and that the program is operating normally in the in-vehicle terminal.

Abstract: In a communication system for downloading programs from a center to in-vehicle terminals, a center can check whether downloading has been completed normally or a program is operating normally in an in-vehicle terminal. According to the timing of activating a downloaded program, an in-vehicle terminal checks whether the program is activated to operate normally. The information is transmitted to the center. Based on the information, the center becomes aware of the fact that downloading has been completed without any problem and that the program is operating normally in the in-vehicle terminal.

Abstract: A traffic engineering method is provided for optimizing an entire network resource, to a network divided intro a plurality of areas, each area including a plurality of nodes. According to the traffic engineering method, a load-balancing process is performed in each area separately. Thus, a memory capacity required by a node carrying out the load-balancing process can be reduced by a large amount, thereby achieving a high-speed load balancing process.

Abstract: Thermal processing unit sections each with ten tiers and coating processing unit sections each with five tiers are disposed around a first main wafer transfer section and a second main wafer transfer section, and in the thermal processing unit section, the influence of the time required for substrate temperature regulation processing on a drop in throughput can be reduced greatly by transferring the wafer W while the temperature of the wafer W is being regulated by a temperature regulation and transfer device.

Abstract: The present invention is a coating unit for applying a coating solution on a substrate, comprising: a container enclosing the substrate; a casing for accommodating the container therein; a supply device for supplying a predetermined gas into the casing; a first exhaust pipe for exhausting an atmosphere inside the container; a second exhaust pipe for exhausting an atmosphere inside the casing; a first adjusting device which is disposed in the first exhaust pipe, for adjusting a flow rate of an atmosphere passing through the first exhaust pipe; and a second adjusting device which is disposed in the second exhaust pipe, for adjusting a flow rate of an atmosphere passing through the second exhaust pipe. According to the present invention, the second exhaust pipe is usable for adjusting the exhaust flow rate to maintain a pressure inside the casing at a positive pressure.

Abstract: In a photoelectric conversion apparatus obtained by arranging and fixing a plurality of semiconductor element substrates onto a base with an adhesive, the levels of the upper surfaces of the substrates are adjusted with a desired thickness of the adhesive so as to set the upper surfaces within the same plane while the distance from the upper surface of the base to the semiconductor element surface of each substrate is kept to a design value, thereby realizing a photoelectric conversion apparatus constituted by a plurality of substrates arranged two-dimensionally, which eliminates level gaps between the substrates, and hence is free from problems such as a decrease in resolution, a deterioration in sensitivity, and peeling of a phosphor and the like.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming a coating film, comprising a process section for applying a series of processes for forming a coating film to a substrate, and a common transfer mechanism for transferring a substrate in the process section, in which, the process section comprises a cooling unit for cooling a substrate, a coating unit for applying a coating solution containing a first solvent to the substrate to form a coating film, an aging unit for changing the coating film formed in the coating unit to a gel-state film if the coating film is formed in a sol state, a solvent exchange unit for bringing a second solvent, which differs from the first solvent in composition, into contact with the coating film to replace the first solvent contained in the coating film with the second solvent, a curing process unit for heating and cooling the substrate under an atmosphere low in oxygen concentration, thereby curing the coating film, and a heating unit for heating the coating film formed on the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention is a treatment solution discharge apparatus having a main body with a solution storage portion being formed therein, for discharging a treatment solution in the solution storage portion onto a substrate from discharge ports provided in the main body, and has a first treatment solution supply pipe and a second treatment solution supply pipe for supplying the treatment solution to the aforementioned solution storage portion from an outside of the main body, a first temperature control pipe in which a fluid for controlling temperature flows and which is disposed over an outer circumference of the first treatment solution supply pipe, and a second temperature control pipe in which the fluid for controlling temperature flows and which is disposed over an outer circumference of the second treatment solution supply pipe, and the first temperature control pipe is connected to one end portion of a solution storage portion temperature control pipe disposed in the solution storage portion, and the

Abstract: An ornamental article comprises a base at least a surface portion of which comprises a transition metal selected from Group 4a, 5a and 6a elements in the periodic table or its alloy; a hard carbon film covering a surface of the base; and an intermediate layer interposed between the base and the hard carbon film and containing a carbide of the transition metal. The hard carbon film has a high adhesion strength to its base, and is superior in corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance.

Abstract: A microscopy and apparatus capable of obtaining superresolution, and a fringe projection light-cut microscopy and apparatus capable of obtaining a natural light-cut image and enabling real-time observation. At the component separating step, a plurality of modulated images of an observation object (O) are formed by subjecting the observation object (O) to spatial modulation including a plurality of modulation components while varying the component ratios of the modulation components by moving a diffraction grating (21), which modulates the observation object (O), to a plurality of different positions. The modulated images are detected with an image pickup device (22). Modulated image components corresponding to the modulation components are separated from the number of modulated images that is not less than the number of the modulation components by using linear computation. At the component demodulating step, at least one of the separated modulated image components is demodulated.