Abstract: A refrigerant tube for use in heat exchangers comprises a flat aluminum tube having parallel refrigerant passages in its interior and comprising flat upper and lower walls and a plurality of reinforcing walls connected between the upper and lower walls, extending longitudinally of the tube and spaced apart from one another by a predetermined distance. The reinforcing walls are each formed with communication holes for causing the parallel refrigerant passages to communicate with one anther therethrough. The flat aluminum tube is prepared from upper and lower two aluminum sheets by bending opposite side edges of the lower aluminum sheet to a raised form and joining the bent edges to the respective side edges of the upper aluminum sheet which is flat so as to form a hollow portion. The reinforcing walls are formed by joining to the inner surface of the upper wall ridges projecting inward from the lower wall.

Abstract: A cassette player having a cassette changer function has a cassette drive mechanism on which a tape cassette is loaded and which reproduces (or records) the loaded tape cassette, and a drum-like cassette holder which holds a plurality of tape cassettes in a circle surrounding the cassette drive mechanism 8 and which is rotated so that each of the tape cassettes opposes the cassette drive mechanism in turn, the cassette holder being moved to recede into the cassette player with an arbitrary one of the tape cassettes opposed to the cassette drive mechanism, so that this tape cassette can be loaded on the cassette drive mechanism for reproducing or recording.

Abstract: A power supply for an electroerosion machine having a switching element which controls the machining current in the gap. The value of the current is compared with a predetermined voltage and the signal generated based on this comparation is provided to a logic gate, advantageously an "AND" gate, whose output signal is applied to the control electrode of the switching element. Electrode consumption is reduced by using a generally step-type current waveform signal. Machining current during the discharge period may also be controlled to more closely approximate a square wave so that shifting to a faster machining rate can be easily accomplished by accepting some sacrifice in electrode consuption. Preferably, two or more switching and gating devices are used to permit gap current to flow intermittently during the entire discharge period.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a hose having an expanded portion and a compression formed portion, including making the expanded portion and the compression formed portion integral and almost simultaneously. The manufacturing process is simple and easy, and the number of manufacturing steps is reduced and the cost can be reduced. The process forms the expanded portion and the compression formed portion from a tube. A rigid, middle core member is inserted into at least one end portion of the tube. This structure is then mounted between mold sections which have an expanded interior cavity when closed. The mold sections are then closed and the end between the middle core member and the opposing inner surface of the mold sections are compressed and formed. After that, the tube is expanded in the mold to conform the tube to the cavity surface by introducing pressurized fluid into the interior of the tube. The conformed tube is removed from the mold sections as a hose with expanded and compression formed portions.

Abstract: An original or a photosensitive film is held by a sheet holder and the sheet holder is fixed to the drum of an image reading scanner or an image recording scanner by a row of hooks planted on the drum. A row of holes corresponding to the row of hooks are formed at each of the opposing ends of the sheet holder. A hook is composed of: a stem, a lever rotatably attached with a pin to the stem, and a plate urged upward by a spring against the bottom of the lever. A plane is formed at a side of the bottom of the lever. First the levers of the hooks are raised upright and the holes of an end of the sheet holder are engaged with the hooks. After surrounding the drum with the sheet holder, the holes at the other end of the sheet holder are engaged with the hooks and the levers are turned to a lying position, where the levers are stable because the plate is urged upward against the side plane of the lever.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for controlling electric discharge machining in which a machining gap formed between a tool electrode and a workpiece is maintained at an essentially constant size based on a reference servo-feed voltage, and in which a jump action, for moving a tool electrode up and away from a workpiece, and returning it to a position close to the workpiece is controlled. The reference servo-feed voltage and conditions for jump action are optimally set to required values during machining according to the discharge stability. The discharge stability is obtained by comparing the actual values of characteristics required for specifying gap condition, e.g., waiting time for a discharge to occur, the voltage during the waiting time, discharge frequency, to the corresponding theoretical values. The theoretical values are calculated in part according to given machining conditions.

Abstract: An electric discharge machining apparatus has a pair of carbide formation detectors for minimizing carbide formation and for preventing abnormal discharges from occurring across the machining gap. If the discharge voltage is below a lower reference voltage for a predetermined period of time and for a predetermined number of ON/OFF cycles, then the first detector compares the discharge voltage with a higher voltage level. When the discharge voltage is greater than the higher level for a predetermined period of time and for a predetermined number of ON/OFF cycles, the first carbide detector generates an ARC STOP signal for halting the machining operation. A second carbide formation detector will generate an ARC STOP signal for halting the machining operation when the discharge waiting time is less than a predetermined period of time for a predetermined number of cycles.

Abstract: A power supply for an electroerosion machine having a switching element which controls the machining current in the gap. The value of the current is compared with a predetermined voltage and the signal generated based on this comparation is provided to a logic gate, advantageously and "AND" gate, whose output signal is applied to the control electrode of the switching element. Electrode consumption is reduced by using a generally step-type current waveform signal. Machining current during the discharge period may also be controlled to more closely approximate a square wave so that shifting to a faster machining rate can be easily accomplished by accepting some sacrifice in electrode consuption. Preferably, two or more switching and gating devices are used to permit gap current to flow intermittently during the entire discharge period.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for supplying power during EDMing in which reverse polarity pulses are used to inhibit electrolytic activity. A main voltage pulse of a certain polarity and an auxiliary voltage pulse, preceding the main voltage pulse of the same or reverse polarity, are applied across a machining gap during the on time of a main gate signal and until a discharge is detected. The ratio of the number of auxiliary voltage pulses of regular polarity to those of reverse polarity is set to a desired value depending upon machining conditions, to thereby obtain a good compromise between the conflicting requirements of achieving a high machining rate, while inhibiting undesirable electrolytic activity.

Abstract: A power supply for an electroerosion machine having a switching element which controls the machining current in the gap. The value of the current is compared with a predetermined voltage and the signal generated based on this comparation is provided to a logic gate, advantageously an "AND" gate, whose output signal is applied to the control electrode of the switching element. The power supply surpresses any arcing tendency during gap short circuit conditions and increases the total current through the gap even when gap voltage is low in order to maintain a high machining rate. Electrode consumption is reduced by using a generally step-type current waveform signal. Machining current during the discharge period may be controlled to more closely approximate a square wave so that shifting to a faster machining rate can be easily accomplished by accepting some sacrifice in electrode consuption.

Abstract: A color original such as a color reversal film and the like which may be different size (for example, the Brownie, 4".times.5", 35 mm) is fitted or stored in the original cassette mounted on the cassette base. The original is read to obtain a whole image data by a transmission type or a reflection type image sensor without catching any flare, and an auxiliary scanning is done sequentially on lines of the original, reading the whole surface thereof, so as to output directly the plates of C,M,Y and black (K). Because of the procedure described above the operation to produce the plates is easily done at a high speed by even an unskilled operator. The operation for scanning the original image comprises the steps of scanning (pre-scanning) the original image in rough, and then scanning (main scanning) it in detail. The original image is displayed in accordance with data of the pre-scanning and the data of the pre-scanning is stored in a memory.

Abstract: The present disclosure is relative with a recording and/or reproducing apparatus employing a tape, such as a magnetic tape, as the recording medium, and provides a mode switching mechanism for such apparatus. The mechanism includes a swing arm provided with a transmission gear selectively rotated in dependence upon the rotational drive direction of a sole reel motor, a cam gear formed with interrupted portions and cam surfaces associated with these interrupted portions and adapted for selectively switching predetermined operational modes by the cam surfaces in dependence upon its rotational angular positions, a biasing member for rotationally biasing the cam gear, and a cam gear retention member for retaining the cam gear at a predetermined angular position. The reel shaft is rotationally driven by means of the transmission gear of the swing arm by driving the reel motor in the forward direction.

Abstract: A power supply for an electroerosion machine having a switching element which controls the machining current in the gap. The value of the current is compared with a predetermined voltage and the signal generated based on this comparison is provided to a logic gate, advantageously an "AND" gate, whose output signal is applied to the control electrode of the switching element. The power supply supresses any arcing tendency during the gap short circuit conditions and increases the total current through the gap even when gap voltage is low in order to maintain a high machining rate. Electrode consumption is reduced by using a generally step-type current waveform signal. Machining current during the discharge period may be controlled to more closely approximate a square wave so that shifting to a faster machining rate can be easily accomplished by accepting some sacrifice in electrode consumption.

Abstract: A setup apparatus constructed separately from an image scanning and recording apparatus. Light from a document is received by a pickup lens disposed above the document, and is branched by suitable optics. One of the branched incident beams is projected to a focusing screen disposed adjacent the pickup lens for displaying an erect image of a setup position. The other beam is passed through an aperture disposed at an optically equivalent position to the focusing screen, from which density level of the setup position is measured for display on a density indicator.

Abstract: A motor control apparatus for an electric power steering system having a torsion torque sensor for detecting a torsion torque of the steering system of a vehicle, a command signal generating unit for generating a command signal in accordance with the torsion torque detected by the torque sensor, and a motor control unit for driving and controlling a motor of the electric power steering system in accordance with the command signal. The improvement of this invention is to assist steering force within the steering wheel correcting range. A steering speed detecting unit is provided for detecting the steering speed. The output signal from the steering speed range detecting unit is supplied to the steering wheel correction command unit which generates an assist correction signal. The assist correction signal has a characteristic that the absolute value thereof takes a predetermined value when a small steering angle range is detected.

Abstract: A gas generating propellant charge which is made by piling explosive powder sheets having a plurality of projections on at least one surface thereof so as to make contact them with each other is excellent in firing characteristics, and the explosive powders in the gas generating propellant charge can be burnt in a short time, thereby generating a large amount of gas.