Abstract: This spot welding method is a method for joining workpieces being a layered body of three or more metal sheets by supplying welding current. The welding current has a pulse-like waveform wherein a peak state in which the current reaches or is maintained to be within a set peak current range and a non-peak state in which the current is lowered from the peak current range to a set bottom current, and is then increased toward the peak current range again are alternately achieved. In the non-peak state, in the case where an effective value Irms of the welding current is lowered, and reaches a predetermined effective value target range, a current control process for increasing the welding current toward the peak current range is started.

Abstract: A light absorption anisotropic film that displays a bright and clear image in a desired direction and makes the image invisible from a direction other than the desired direction using an image display device, a viewing angle control system formed of the light absorption anisotropic film, and an image display device formed of the light absorption anisotropic film. The light absorption anisotropic film includes a light absorption anisotropic layer, and a first alignment layer adjacent to the light absorption anisotropic layer, in which the light absorption anisotropic layer contains a liquid crystal compound and an organic dichroic substance, an angle between a transmittance central axis of the light absorption anisotropic layer and a normal line of the light absorption anisotropic layer is 5° or greater and less than 45°, and the first alignment layer is a layer in which a polymerizable liquid crystal compound is hybrid-aligned.

Abstract: A lighting device that can switch between intensity distributions of emitted light with a simple configuration. The lighting device includes a light source, a polarization controller, and a polarizing plate, in which the polarization controller switches light emitted from the light source between light components having two or more different polarization states to be incident into the polarizing plate, and the polarizing plate functions as a diffraction grating that has two or more regions having different polarization states of transmitted light in an in-plane direction and where one or more regions among the regions are periodically disposed.

Abstract: The invention provides a laminated body having an excellent adhesive force with respect to a low-polarity metal member in the presence of hot water. The laminated body contains a resin substrate; an easily adhesive layer provided on at least one surface of the resin substrate; and an adhesive resin layer provided on a surface of the easily adhesive layer on a side opposite to the resin substrate, wherein the adhesive resin layer contains a polyolefin having at least one group selected from the group consisting of an acidic group and an acid anhydride group and having an acid value of 0.01 mgKOH/g to 6.5 mgKOH/g; and the laminated body is used for bonding a metal member having a ratio of a dipole term in surface free energy of 0.01% to 5.0%.

Abstract: A light absorption anisotropic film that, in a case of being applied to an image display device, it is possible to suppress redness of an image originating from the image display device, which is reflected on surrounding members arranged around the image display device; and an optical film and an image display device. The light absorption anisotropic film is formed of a composition containing a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic substance, in which the light absorption anisotropic film has two main surfaces facing each other, an angle between a normal direction of the main surface of the light absorption anisotropic film and a transmittance central axis of the light absorption anisotropic film is 0° to 45°, and predetermined requirements are satisfied depending on the angle.

Abstract: A spot welding method includes supplying a welding current having a pulse-shaped waveform to a workpiece by alternately executing a step of maintaining the welding current within a set peak current range and a step of decreasing the welding current from the peak current range toward a bottom current and then increasing the welding current toward the peak current range when an effective value of the welding current reaches a set target range for a plurality of cycles. The spatter detection method includes measuring a pulse width IW(1), IW(2), . . . in each cycle of the pulse-shaped waveform and detecting the occurrence of spatter when a pulse width difference D(M)=IW(M)?IW(M?1) between a pulse width IW(M) in a target cycle (M-th cycle) and a pulse width IW(M?1) in a cycle immediately before the target cycle exceeds a width threshold value Dth.

Abstract: A switch includes a first fixed contactor, a second fixed contactor, a movable contactor, permanent magnets, and a yoke. The movable contactor extends in a first direction, includes a first movable contact at a first end portion, and is provided to be contactable with and separatable from the first fixed contactor in a second direction. The permanent magnets are arranged to sandwich the movable contactor, and to cause their surfaces facing the movable contactor in the third direction of the movable contactor to have the same polarity. The yoke surrounds a periphery of the movable contactor in the first direction and the third direction and is connected to surfaces of the permanent magnets on opposite sides of their surfaces facing the movable contactor. The yoke includes a protrusion protruding toward the movable contactor at a position facing the first end portion of the movable contactor in the first direction.

Abstract: Provided is a viewing angle control system and an image display device which are capable of controlling the viewing angle of a display screen in a longitudinal direction and improving the visibility in a specific lateral direction. The viewing angle control system includes a polarizer, and a light absorption anisotropic layer, in which the polarizer has an in-plane absorption axis in a film, an angle ? between a transmittance central axis of the light absorption anisotropic layer and a normal line of the film is in a range of 0.1° to 45°, and an angle ? between a direction in which the transmittance central axis of the light absorption anisotropic layer is orthographically projected onto the film surface and the absorption axis of the polarizer is 0° or greater and less than 85°, greater than 95° and less than 265°, or greater than 275° and 360° or less.

Abstract: Provided is a spot welding method by which welding can be successfully performed while inhibiting occurrence of expulsion. First to third metal plates W1 to W3 were welded in which ratio of total thickness to thickness of the first metal plate W1 is 7. In Example 1, peak current value A1 is 14.6 kA, effective current value A2 is 7.8 kA, peak duration T1 is 0 ms, and no-peak duration T2 is 5.9 ms. As a result, in Example 1, lower limit current value A3 is 6.9 kA, upper limit current value A4 is 8.42 kA, difference A5 between upper limit current value A4 and lower limit current value A3 is 1.52 kA, peak duration T1/no-peak duration T2 is 0, effective current value A2/peak current value A1 is 0.53, and rising time T3/falling time T4 is 0.79, furthermore, no expulsion occurs, and welding result was determined to be OK.

Abstract: Provided is an optically anisotropic film, an optical film, and a display device, which have a high contrast and excellent light fastness. The optically anisotropic film includes a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic substance, in which the liquid crystal compound is vertically aligned, the dichroic substance forms an arrangement structure, and in a case where, in a cross section observed with a scanning transmission electron microscope, a length of a major axis of the arrangement structure is defined as L, and a length of a minor axis of the arrangement structure is defined as D, 16 or more arrangement structures satisfying L?30 nm are observed per 40 ?m2.

Abstract: According to one or more embodiments, a semiconductor device includes a first substrate and a second substrate. The first substrate includes a first metal layer and a first insulating layer. The first insulating layer surrounds the first metal layer. The second substrate includes a second metal layer, a second insulating layer, and a first conducive body. The second metal layer is in contact with the first metal layer. The second insulating layer surrounds the second metal layer and is in contact with the first insulating layer. A part of the first conductive body is in the second metal layer and extends in a first direction toward the first metal layer.

Abstract: A disc brake including: a piston; a cylinder including a bore portion, which movably accommodates the piston, and a step portion formed on an opening end side of the bore portion; and a piston boot arranged between a tip side of the piston and a small diameter step portion of the cylinder. The piston boot includes: a large diameter annular fitting portion containing an annular metal member so as to be fitted to the small diameter step portion; a bellows portion, which extends from the large diameter fitting portion, is increased in its diameter from the large diameter fitting portion to an outer peripheral side, and is also deformed and extended from the large diameter fitting portion toward an inner peripheral side; and a small diameter fitting portion formed at an end portion of the bellows portion so as to fit to an outer periphery of the piston.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first polarizer, a liquid crystal cell, and a second polarizer in this order from a viewing side, in which a first light absorption anisotropic layer is disposed on the viewing side of the liquid crystal cell, a second light absorption anisotropic layer is disposed on a non-viewing side of the liquid crystal cell, the first and second polarizers each have an absorption axis in a film surface, the absorption axis of the first polarizer is orthogonal to the absorption axis of the second polarizer, an angle ?1 between a transmittance central axis of the first anisotropic layer and a normal line of the film is in a range of 0° to 45°, and an angle ?2 between a transmittance central axis of the second anisotropic layer and a normal line of the film is in a range of 0° to 45°.

Abstract: A switch includes: a first stationary contact having a first stationary contact point; a second stationary contact having a second stationary contact point; a movable contact having a first movable contact, and a second movable contact point; a first magnet pair defined by magnets having surfaces facing each other, the magnets of the first magnet pair being disposed with the first stationary contact point and the first movable contact point therebetween in such a manner that the magnets of the first magnet pair become farther from each other outwardly; and a second magnet pair defined by magnets having surfaces facing each other, the magnets of the second magnet pair being disposed with the second stationary contact point and the second movable contact point therebetween in such a manner that the magnets of the second magnet pair become farther from each other outwardly.

Abstract: Provided is a spot welding method by which welding can be performed successfully while inhibiting occurrence of expulsion. First to third metal plates W1 to W3 were welded in which a ratio of a total thickness to a thickness of the first metal plate W1 is 7. In Example 1, a peak current value A1 is 14.6 kA, an effective current value A2 is 7.8 kA, a peak duration T1 is 0.1 ms, and a no-peak duration T2 is 5.9 ms. As a result, a lower limit current value A3 is 6.9 kA, an upper limit current value A4 is 8.42 kA, a difference A5 between A4 and A3 is 1.52 kA, T2/T1 is 59.0, A2/A1 is 0.53, and rising time T3/falling time T4 is 0.53, furthermore, no expulsion occurs, and a welding result was determined to be OK.

Abstract: A workpiece processing apparatus which coats a front surface of a workpiece with a resin, the workpiece having devices formed in regions demarcated by a plurality of planned dividing lines formed in a lattice pattern. The workpiece processing apparatus includes a cassette mounting base mounted with a cassette housing a plurality of workpieces, a resin coating unit that coats the front surface of the workpiece with the resin, a resin curing unit that cures the resin by applying an external stimulus to the coated resin, a resin grinding unit that flattens the cured resin by grinding the cured resin by a rotating grinding stone, and a conveying mechanism that conveys the workpiece between the units.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a semiconductor storage device includes a first chip and a second chip. The first chip includes a first substrate, a transistor, and a first pad. The second chip includes a second pad, a memory cell array, and a second substrate. The second pad is on the first pad. The second chip is bonded to the first chip. The first chip and the second chip includes, when viewed in a first direction orthogonal to the first substrate, a first region and a second region. The first region includes the memory cell array. The second region surrounds an area around the first region and includes a wall extending from the first substrate to the second substrate. The second substrate includes a first opening passing through the second substrate in the second region.

Abstract: To provide a method of easily immobilizing a compound with a wide variety of structures and functional groups onto a substrate without requiring modification and while maintaining the structures as is, a method of detecting this immobilized compound, and a compound screening method, and a screening substrate, a compound immobilizing agent, and an immobilizing kit used therein. The method of immobilizing a compound onto a substrate includes immobilizing the compound as a protein-compound complex onto the substrate via a protein for immobilizing the compound onto the substrate. Further, the compound screening method includes detecting a compound having affinity for a target compound immobilized onto the substrate by bringing a candidate compound into contact with this target compound. A screening substrate on which the immobilizing protein forms a complex with a compound is also provided.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a control system includes a fuel cell configured to generate electric power using an anode and a cathode, a power storage device capable of storing the electric power generated by the fuel cell, auxiliary equipment to which the electric power is able to be supplied, and a controller configured to control operations of the fuel cell and the auxiliary equipment. The controller performs control so that the electric power is consumed by the auxiliary equipment in accordance with a power storage state of the power storage device at the time of power generation of the fuel cell and adjusts one or both of a timing and a degree at which electric power to be consumed by the auxiliary equipment is limited on the basis of temperature information associated with the auxiliary equipment.

Abstract: A processing apparatus used in processing a workpiece having a device in each of a plurality of regions that includes a chuck table holding the workpiece, positioning means positioning the workpiece before grinding, resin coating means including a rotatable spinner table for coating the workpiece with a resin, cleaning means, a grinding unit, and a transfer unit. The transfer unit includes a first transfer unit transferring the workpiece from the positioning means to the spinner table and from the spinner table to the chuck table, a second transfer unit transferring the workpiece from the chuck table to the cleaning means, and a front/back surface inversion transfer unit taking over the workpiece from the cleaning means to the second transfer unit.