Abstract: A spot welding method includes supplying a welding current having a pulse-shaped waveform to a workpiece by alternately executing a step of maintaining the welding current within a set peak current range and a step of decreasing the welding current from the peak current range toward a bottom current and then increasing the welding current toward the peak current range when an effective value of the welding current reaches a set target range for a plurality of cycles. The spatter detection method includes measuring a pulse width IW(1), IW(2), . . . in each cycle of the pulse-shaped waveform and detecting the occurrence of spatter when a pulse width difference D(M)=IW(M)?IW(M?1) between a pulse width IW(M) in a target cycle (M-th cycle) and a pulse width IW(M?1) in a cycle immediately before the target cycle exceeds a width threshold value Dth.

Abstract: A lighting device that can switch between intensity distributions of emitted light with a simple configuration. The lighting device includes a light source, a polarization controller, and a polarizing plate, in which the polarization controller switches light emitted from the light source between light components having two or more different polarization states to be incident into the polarizing plate, and the polarizing plate functions as a diffraction grating that has two or more regions having different polarization states of transmitted light in an in-plane direction and where one or more regions among the regions are periodically disposed.

Abstract: A switch unit is connected between a first node electrically connected to a power source and a second node electrically connected to a load circuit which receives power supplied from the power source. As a current suppression element is connected to the switch unit in parallel. A fault sensing unit senses abnormality in an electrically conducting circuit formed by electrically interconnecting the first node and the second node. When a closing operation of a switchgear is performed, a switching command unit conducts an abnormality diagnosis in a first state in which the switch unit is controlled so that an impedance between the first node and the second node has a first value, and when no abnormal state is sensed in the abnormality diagnosis, the switching command unit controls the switch unit to establish a second state in which the impedance is equal to or smaller than the first value.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a powder material for additive manufacturing capable of forming an additive-manufactured product having more excellent mechanical strength. The present invention provides a powder material for additive manufacturing containing a carbide ceramic and a metal, in which a content of the metal is 8 to 43 volume % with respect to a total amount of the carbide ceramic and the metal, and in an XRD spectrum of an additive manufactured product obtained by additive manufacturing including laser light irradiation, peaks other than those derived from the powder material before the laser light irradiation are not included; or a solid solubility of the carbide ceramic in the metal at 1250° C. is 8 mass % or less.

Abstract: This battery includes: an electrical storage element with positive and negative electrodes and insulating film between the positive and negative electrodes and electrically separates the positive and negative electrodes; and an airtight case housing the electrical storage element, wherein the case includes: a first member having bottom and tubular portions; a second member having a lid-like portion covering an opening of the first member and a surrounding wall portion covering the tubular portion from an outside; and a gasket between an end face of the first member and the second member and between the tubular portion and the second member, and wherein a non-contact portion with which the gasket is not in contact is provided in either one or both of a part of a first surface of the first member that faces the gasket and a part of a second surface of the second member that faces the gasket.

Abstract: The invention provides a laminated body having an excellent adhesive force with respect to a low-polarity metal member in the presence of hot water. The laminated body contains a resin substrate; an easily adhesive layer provided on at least one surface of the resin substrate; and an adhesive resin layer provided on a surface of the easily adhesive layer on a side opposite to the resin substrate, wherein the adhesive resin layer contains a polyolefin having at least one group selected from the group consisting of an acidic group and an acid anhydride group and having an acid value of 0.01 mgKOH/g to 6.5 mgKOH/g; and the laminated body is used for bonding a metal member having a ratio of a dipole term in surface free energy of 0.01% to 5.0%.

Abstract: A light absorption anisotropic film that, in a case of being applied to an image display device, it is possible to suppress redness of an image originating from the image display device, which is reflected on surrounding members arranged around the image display device; and an optical film and an image display device. The light absorption anisotropic film is formed of a composition containing a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic substance, in which the light absorption anisotropic film has two main surfaces facing each other, an angle between a normal direction of the main surface of the light absorption anisotropic film and a transmittance central axis of the light absorption anisotropic film is 0° to 45°, and predetermined requirements are satisfied depending on the angle.

Abstract: A switching device includes: a first contact; a second contact; and a fault detection circuit. The second contact includes a fixed contactor and a movable contactor. When the second contact is energized due to an operation of opening the first contact, the movable contact is separated from the fixed contact by an electromagnetic force generated by a flow of currents in opposite directions through the pair of current-carrying electrodes, and a discharge switch is formed between the movable contact and the fixed contact that are separated. The switching device further includes: a first arc runner electrically connected to the fixed contactor for driving, by an electromagnetic force, arc discharge that occurs when the second contact is opened; and a second arc runner electrically connected to the movable contactor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reflection film which has excellent curved surface followability during bonding to an object to be bonded, exhibits excellent abrasion resistance after bonding, and further has excellent reflection characteristics; a windshield glass; a laminate; and an image display system. The reflection film of the present invention includes, in the following order, a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, a reflective layer reflecting light in a wavelength-selective manner, and a hardcoat layer.

Abstract: A spot welding method includes supplying a welding current having a pulse-shaped waveform to a workpiece by alternately executing a step of maintaining the welding current within a set peak current range and a step of decreasing the welding current from the peak current range toward a bottom current and then increasing the welding current toward the peak current range when an effective value of the welding current reaches a set target range for a plurality of cycles. The spatter detection method includes measuring a pulse width IW(1), IW(2), . . . in each cycle of the pulse-shaped waveform and detecting the occurrence of spatter when a pulse width difference D(M)=IW(M)?IW(M?1) between a pulse width IW(M) in a target cycle (M-th cycle) and a pulse width IW(M?1) in a cycle immediately before the target cycle exceeds a width threshold value Dth.

Abstract: A switch includes: a fixed contact including a fixed contact point; a movable contact including a movable contact point; a magnetic field generating member including a first magnetic pole surface and a second magnetic pole surface; a main yoke including a first connection portion that is connected to the second magnetic pole surface, extends in a third direction from the second magnetic pole surface, and projects to one side and another side in the third direction farther than the magnetic field generating member and the movable contact in the third direction, and an arm portion extending in a second direction from both end portions of the first connection portion along the third direction and disposed on both sides of the magnetic field generating member and the movable contact along the third direction; and an auxiliary yoke directly connected to the first magnetic pole surface.

Abstract: A switch includes a first fixed contactor, a second fixed contactor, a movable contactor, permanent magnets, and a yoke. The movable contactor extends in a first direction, includes a first movable contact at a first end portion, and is provided to be contactable with and separatable from the first fixed contactor in a second direction. The permanent magnets are arranged to sandwich the movable contactor, and to cause their surfaces facing the movable contactor in the third direction of the movable contactor to have the same polarity. The yoke surrounds a periphery of the movable contactor in the first direction and the third direction and is connected to surfaces of the permanent magnets on opposite sides of their surfaces facing the movable contactor. The yoke includes a protrusion protruding toward the movable contactor at a position facing the first end portion of the movable contactor in the first direction.

Abstract: An all-solid-state battery includes: a laminate in which a positive electrode active material layer, a solid electrolyte layer, and a negative electrode active material layer are laminated in this order; a positive electrode current collector and a negative electrode current collector which sandwich the laminate in a laminating direction; an insulating sheet which surrounds the laminate between the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector; and a first adhesive sheet which bonds the insulating sheet and the positive electrode current collector or the insulating sheet and the negative electrode current collector, wherein a first through-hole is formed in the first adhesive sheet and the laminate is accommodated in the first through-hole when viewed from the laminating direction of the laminate.

Abstract: A system includes an acquisition unit which acquires information indicating working history of each of a plurality of fuel cells; an estimation unit which estimates deterioration degrees of a plurality of members of the plurality of fuel cells based on the working history; and a recommendation unit which recommends that which other fuel cell should replace a first fuel cell of the plurality of fuel cells, based on the deterioration degrees. The method includes acquiring information indicating working history of each of a plurality of fuel cells; estimating deterioration degrees of a plurality of members of the plurality of fuel cells based on the working history; and recommending that which other fuel cell should replace a first fuel cell of the plurality of fuel cells, based on the deterioration degrees.

Abstract: A system for controlling power source including a fuel cell and a battery provided on a vehicle, the system comprises a decision unit that decides a control parameter for power generation amount of the fuel cell based on whether the vehicle is a vehicle that mainly travels on a highway or a vehicle that mainly travels on an ordinary road. A control method for controlling power source including a fuel cell and a battery provided on a vehicle comprises deciding a control parameter for power generation amount of the fuel cell based on whether the vehicle is a vehicle that mainly travels on a highway or a vehicle that mainly travels on an ordinary road.

Abstract: Provided is a seal washer that provides a good drop-off prevention effect for a bolt. A seal washer 1 has a flat ring-shaped washer body 2 formed by drilling a bolt insertion hole 14 and an inner water stop member 3 that is fixed around the bolt insertion hole 14 of the washer body 2. The inner water stop member 3 is thicker than the washer body 2 and made of an elastic material. A plurality of thin-walled anti-slip protrusions 8, 8 . . . are disposed on an inner peripheral surface of the inner water stop member 3 so as to protrude inwardly.

Abstract: A semiconductor device according to the present embodiment includes a first semiconductor chip and a second semiconductor chip. The first semiconductor chip has a first upper surface on which a first electrode pad is formed. The second semiconductor chip has a first lower surface on which a second electrode pad directly joined to the first electrode pad is formed and a second upper surface that is opposite the first lower surface and on which a third electrode pad is formed. The area of the first lower surface is smaller than the area of the first upper surface. The barycenter of the first lower surface and the barycenter of the first upper surface are located at different positions in the in-plane direction of the first upper surface.

Abstract: Provided is a viewing angle control system and an image display device which are capable of controlling the viewing angle of a display screen in a longitudinal direction and improving the visibility in a specific lateral direction. The viewing angle control system includes a polarizer, and a light absorption anisotropic layer, in which the polarizer has an in-plane absorption axis in a film, an angle ? between a transmittance central axis of the light absorption anisotropic layer and a normal line of the film is in a range of 0.1° to 45°, and an angle ? between a direction in which the transmittance central axis of the light absorption anisotropic layer is orthographically projected onto the film surface and the absorption axis of the polarizer is 0° or greater and less than 85°, greater than 95° and less than 265°, or greater than 275° and 360° or less.

Abstract: A circularly polarizing plate capable of suppressing occurrence of light leakage at a corner portion in a display device and suppressing the corner portion from being conspicuous in a reflected image when the circularly polarizing plate is used in a self-luminous display device in a high-temperature and changing humidity environment; and a self-luminous display device. The circularly polarizing plate includes, in order, a retardation layer, and first and second light-absorbing anisotropic layers, where a support is not provided between any of the three layers; the first light-absorbing anisotropic layer has an absorption axis in a plane of the first light-absorbing anisotropic layer; an angle ? between a transmittance central axis of the second light-absorbing anisotropic layer and a normal direction to the second light-absorbing anisotropic layer surface is 0° or more and 45? or less; and a thermal shrinkage force of the circularly polarizing plate is 5 N/m or less.

Abstract: Provided is a spot welding method by which welding can be successfully performed while inhibiting occurrence of expulsion. First to third metal plates W1 to W3 were welded in which ratio of total thickness to thickness of the first metal plate W1 is 7. In Example 1, peak current value A1 is 14.6 kA, effective current value A2 is 7.8 kA, peak duration T1 is 0 ms, and no-peak duration T2 is 5.9 ms. As a result, in Example 1, lower limit current value A3 is 6.9 kA, upper limit current value A4 is 8.42 kA, difference A5 between upper limit current value A4 and lower limit current value A3 is 1.52 kA, peak duration T1/no-peak duration T2 is 0, effective current value A2/peak current value A1 is 0.53, and rising time T3/falling time T4 is 0.79, furthermore, no expulsion occurs, and welding result was determined to be OK.