Abstract: An electric motor that includes an electronic motor controller is described. The electronic motor controller includes a motor management circuit and a power supply circuit physically separate from the motor management circuit. The motor management circuit includes an insulated metal substrate, driver components operably attached to the insulated metal substrate and operable to provide output signals for application to windings of the electric motor, at least one current sensor operable for sensing an amount of current applied to the windings of and electric motor, and at least one control device operably attached to the insulated metal substrate for controlling operation of the driver components. The power supply circuit includes a composite circuit card and power processing components operably attached to the circuit card and operable to convert an input voltage into at least one output voltage to be supplied to the motor management circuit.

Abstract: A combiner box capable of monitoring energy output from a photovoltaic system and having improved troubleshooting functionality, the ability to independently verify utility charges, and a mechanism for reducing incorrect readings of energy output and consumption due to noise and interference.

Abstract: In one aspect, an electric machine is provided. The electric machine includes a housing including at least one air intake, an air outlet, and an air passage extending between the at least one air intake and the air outlet. The electric machine also includes a first heat sink positioned at least partially within the air passage, and a second heat sink positioned at least partially within the air passage downstream of the first heat sink.

Abstract: An electric machine comprising a permanent magnet rotor assembly is provided. The electric machine comprises a permanent magnet rotor assembly comprising a plurality of permanent magnets coupled to a rotor disk and a plurality of magnet shims coupled to the plurality of permanent magnets opposite the rotor disk. Each magnet shim of the plurality of magnet shims has a substantially complementary shape as a respective permanent magnet of the plurality of permanent magnets. The electric machine further comprises a stator core comprising a plurality of stator teeth that define a plurality of slots therebetween. At least one of the plurality of magnet shims is configured to direct magnetic flux from at least one of the plurality of permanent magnets to at least one stator tooth of the plurality of stator teeth.

Abstract: A minimal invasive neurosurgery assembly including a flush assembly having flush assembly main part with a central passage extending through the main part from the distal end to the proximal end along a longitudinal axis, and having at least one tool insertion assembly. The tool insertion assembly may include a tool handling part that is detachably connectable to the flush assembly main part and that has at least one tool insertion channel that extends from the distal end to the proximal end of the tool handling part. The tool insertion assembly may also include an inner sheath that is connected to the tool handling part and has an inner sheath wall and at least one lumen extending parallel to the longitudinal axis and in which an associated one of the at least one tool insertion channel emanates. The inner sheath may be insertable through the central passage of the flush assembly main part.

Abstract: A device for positioning a planar array of magnets within a permanent magnet electrical machine of the type having a rotor and stator with an air gap there between. The device includes a body made of non-ferrous material and having a first side which is attachable to the rotor and a second side which, in an assembled machine, faces the air gap. The first side of the body has a plurality of recesses therein for receiving a corresponding plurality of magnets. The recesses are shaped and arranged to separate the magnets from each other and maintain a consistent spacing between them. When the device is attached to the rotor the magnets are held in a fixed position against the rotor. The electrical machine may be a motor or a generator.

Abstract: A shaft connector configured to connect a shaft that has to be partly inserted through the skull of patient to the skull of the patient, the shaft connector comprising a skull connecting part, a shaft bush with a shaft clamp to fixate a shaft within the shaft bush, a bush clamping device to fixate the shaft bush relative to the skull connecting part so that a settable direction of the bush channel axis relative to the central axis is fixated as desired, an operating provision including a first and a second handle configured and arranged to be engaged by a single hand, the operating provision being configured to bring the bush clamping device from the release position in the clamping position by movement of the first handle relative to the second handle without exerting a force on the skull via the skull connecting part.

Abstract: An arc welding system includes a welding torch, an electrode, and a power supply having a switching-type power converter connected to the torch. A parallel state-based controller is connected to the power converter and provides a waveform control signal thereto for controlling its operations. The controller generates a motion control signal for controlling movements of the electrode and/or the torch. A sensor senses welding voltage or welding current. A memory stores a welding state table comprising sequential control states, and stores a motion control system state table comprising further sequential control states. The welding waveform is defined in the welding state table. The controller controls the operations of the power converter through the waveform control signal according to the welding state table, simultaneously adjusting the motion control signal according to the motion control system state table. The controller transitions between control states according to the signal received from the sensor.

Abstract: A device for positioning a planar array of magnets within a permanent magnet electrical machine of the type having a rotor and stator with an air gap there between. The device includes a body made of non-ferrous material and having a first side which is attachable to the rotor and a second side which, in an assembled machine, faces the air gap. The first side of the body has a plurality of recesses therein for receiving a corresponding plurality of magnets. The recesses are shaped and arranged to separate the magnets from each other and maintain a consistent spacing between them. When the device is attached to the rotor the magnets are held in a fixed position against the rotor. The electrical machine may be a motor or a generator.

Abstract: A computer implemented method and system is provided for confirming viewing of multimedia content on a client device. A challenge generator generates a challenge stream comprising multiple challenges, random in content. The challenge stream and the multimedia content stream are integrated in real time to generate a challenge in real time. The challenge is random in content and new each time the same multimedia content is played on one or more client devices. The challenge is presented to a viewer at random times during and/or after play of the multimedia content, and/or presented at random physical locations on the multimedia content, by overlaying the challenge on the multimedia content. A response for the presented challenge is invoked from the viewer, based on which a response report is generated. The viewer is credited with an item of value, if the response report confirms that the viewer viewed the multimedia content.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a computer implemented method and system for confirming that a viewer viewed multimedia content on a client device. A multimedia content owner uploads multimedia content on a server. The client device receives the multimedia content from the server and plays the multimedia content on a display screen of the client device. A random challenge is presented to the viewer by overlaying the random challenge on the multimedia content. A response for the presented random challenge is invoked from the viewer. A correct or partially correct response from the viewer confirms that the multimedia content has been viewed by the viewer. A response report is generated based on the response from the viewer. The viewer is credited with an item of value and the multimedia content owner is debited a fee, if the response report confirms the multimedia content was viewed by the viewer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a computer implemented method and system for confirming that a viewer viewed multimedia content on a client device. A multimedia content owner uploads multimedia content on a server. The client device receives the multimedia content from the server and plays the multimedia content on a display screen of the client device. A random challenge is presented to the viewer by overlaying the random challenge on the multimedia content. A response for the presented random challenge is invoked from the viewer. A correct or partially correct response from the viewer confirms that the multimedia content has been viewed by the viewer. A response report is generated based on the response from the viewer. The viewer is credited with an item of value and the multimedia content owner is debited a fee, if the response report confirms the multimedia content was viewed by the viewer.

Abstract: A combiner box capable of monitoring energy output from a photovoltaic system and having improved troubleshooting functionality, the ability to independently verify utility charges, and a mechanism for reducing incorrect readings of energy output and consumption due to noise and interference.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for manufacturing a green leaf tea product, the process comprising the steps of:—providing fresh tea leaves comprising catechins and active endogenous enzymes;—comminuting the fresh tea leaves comprising active endogenous enzymes under aerobic conditions sufficient to cause substantial bruising to the leaves;—inactivating the endogenous enzymes in the comminuted fresh tea leaves to substantially prevent fermentation of the fresh leaves;—and drying the comminuted fresh tea leaves to yield the green leaf tea product.

Abstract: A curtain track assembly comprising a telescopic track apparatus (12) with waterproof pressure-sensitive adhesive pads (18), a shower curtain and or liner cartridge with a unique fold pattern and a permanently attached curtain carriers (20) and or curtain clips (24). The telescopic track apparatus (12) consists of two parts, one half being of a larger inner dimension than the other, so that the smaller half of the track (14A) is smoothly fitted into the larger part of the track (14B). The track parts (14A and 14B) have an open seam shaft or c-channel (30) running lengthwise along the bottom to allow the curtain carriers (22) and curtain clips (24) to slide smoothly along the track parts (14A and 14B). The track parts (14A and 14B) are open at either end (50) allowing for insertion of the curtain liner cartridge (20), curtain clips (24) and end caps (26).

Abstract: An electric motor that includes an electronic motor controller is described. The electronic motor controller includes a motor management circuit and a power supply circuit physically separate from the motor management circuit. The motor management circuit includes an insulated metal substrate, driver components operably attached to the insulated metal substrate and operable to provide output signals for application to windings of the electric motor, at least one current sensor operable for sensing an amount of current applied to the windings of and electric motor, and at least one control device operably attached to the insulated metal substrate for controlling operation of the driver components. The power supply circuit includes a composite circuit card and power processing components operably attached to the circuit card and operable to convert an input voltage into at least one output voltage to be supplied to the motor management circuit.

Abstract: An electric machine is described. The electric machine includes a rotor comprising a rotor disk and a plurality of permanent magnets magnetically coupled to the rotor disk. The plurality of permanent magnets include a substantially flat profile and are aligned in a substantially planar array. The electric machine also includes a stator comprising a solid stator core and a plurality of coils each wound around a coil insulating member. The stator core includes a plurality of stator teeth extending substantially parallel to an axis of rotation of the rotor.

Abstract: An improved ladderway system 30 for an underground raise. The system comprises an elongate tube 32 made of a suitably rigid plastics material and adapted to be received in the raise. The tube has a series of steps 34 moulded into an interior side wall thereof so as to form a ladder extending substantially the full length of the tube 32.

Abstract: Shown is a process having the steps of: providing fresh tea material rich in stem; and expressing juice from the fresh tea material thereby to produce stem residue and tea juice having a mixture of tea compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides a beverage precursor comprising tea material and food-grade additive, wherein the beverage precursor is present in an amount wherein contact of the beverage precursor with 250 ml water for 2 minutes at 90° C. produces a beverage comprising catechins in an amount of between 0.05% and 2% by weight of the beverage. The present invention also provides a process for manufacturing a beverage precursor comprising macerating tea leaf and/or stem with a rotorvane and at least one CTC process.