Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and system for photocatalytically decomposing organic pollutants using the electromotive force of a solar cell. The present invention provides a method and system for decomposing organic pollutants, which can greatly increase the rate of decomposition of organic pollutants at low cost by combining a photocatalytic organic pollutant decomposition device, capable of decomposing organic pollutants using light energy, with a solar cell, capable of applying an external voltage to the photocatalytic organic pollutant decomposition device using light energy.

Abstract: Provided is a method for manipulating a media object in a media player and an apparatus using the same. The method includes generating a rendering map for managing a region of a media object in a rendering interface according to time, receiving a user input via the rendering interface; updating the rendering map based on a user input; re-composing a scene based on the updated rendering map, and rendering the media object according to the re-composed scene.

Abstract: A poly cross linked phthalocyanine compound for a solar cell and ink composition comprising the same, and more particularly a poly cross linked phthalocyanine compound effective for use in a near infrared absorbent having a high absorption power in a near infrared wavelength from about 750 nm to about 1100 nm, wherein the poly cross linked phthalocyanine compound having structures according to the present inventive concept is sensitized to infrared region, although ruthenium-based compound used for existing dye-sensitized solar cells is sensitized to visible light region, such that the compound according to the present novel concept can be extended in wavelengths for use in solar cells to improve an energy conversion efficiency.

Abstract: Provided is a method of encoding media content and metadata. The method includes generating a scale indicator, which indicates a unit size of information about the media content, in the metadata, and determining data areas in the metadata that have different values based on the generated scale indicator. Accordingly, a range that can be expressed by the data area, that has a limited space in the metadata, can be increased.

Abstract: A poly cross linked phthalocyanine compound for a solar cell and ink composition comprising the same, and more particularly a poly cross linked phthalocyanine compound effective for use in a near infrared absorbent having a high absorption power in a near infrared wavelength from about 750 nm to about 1100 nm, wherein the poly cross linked phthalocyanine compound having structures according to the present inventive concept is sensitized to infrared region, although ruthenium-based compound used for existing dye-sensitized solar cells is sensitized to visible light region, such that the compound according to the present novel concept can be extended in wavelengths for use in solar cells to improve an energy conversion efficiency.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a semiconductor substrate in which a cell region and a core and peripheral region are defined. The device further comprises isolation layers formed in the semiconductor substrate to define active regions, a first gate electrode structure formed in the cell region and a second gate electrode structure formed in the core and peripheral region. Source and drain regions formed in the active regions on respective sides of each of the gate electrode structures and self-aligned contact pads are formed in the cell region in contact with the source and drain regions. An insulating interlayer is formed on the semiconductor substrate between the self-aligned contact pads, and etch stoppers are formed on the insulating interlayer between the self-aligned contact pads in the cell region.

Abstract: Provided are a meta data encoding/decoding method and apparatus. The meta data decoding method includes decoding a media signal containing a media object, and decoding meta data corresponding to the media object. During the decoding of the meta data signal, decoding of the meta data is skipped when the meta data that is to be decoded is identical to already decoded meta data.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for generating and accessing metadata in a media file format. The method of generating metadata in a media file format includes generating a time-track map composed of a plurality of map nodes that are distinguished according to track and unit time, and generating media objects corresponding to each of the map nodes, in which each of the map nodes includes position information of the corresponding media objects, thereby facilitating real-time reproduction and modification of content.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for managing a media file are provided. The method of managing a media file comprising a plurality of media objects comprises correcting at least one media object from among the plurality of the media objects; generating or renewing information relating to unused regions generated in the media file according to the correction; and managing the media file based on the generated or renewed information. Therefore, difficulties in file management occurring due to correction of the media objects are reduced so that the media file can be efficiently managed.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for generating and reproducing media object-based metadata are provided. The method includes generating a media stream which includes media objects and generating metadata which corresponds to each of the media objects. Each of the media objects includes metadata position information for accessing the corresponding metadata. The method facilitates real-time reproduction and modification of content.

Abstract: A method for encoding metadata having a plurality of symbols is provided. The encoding method includes: determining an indication of a previously encoded symbol having substantially same symbol data as that of a current symbol that is to be encoded and encoding the current symbol based on the previously encoded symbol.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cooling system for a vehicle, in which coolant coolant, a blend of an antifreezing solution and water flowed into a radiator generates turbulent flow when a vehicle is in a state of a critical driving mode of a vehicle for example, a hill-climbing mode, thereby enhancing heat radiating performance and reducing pressure drop amount at the same time.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a semiconductor substrate in which a cell region and a core and peripheral region are defined. The device further comprises isolation layers formed in the semiconductor substrate to define active regions, a first gate electrode structure formed in the cell region and a second gate electrode structure formed in the core and peripheral region. Source and drain regions formed in the active regions on respective sides of each of the gate electrode structures and self-aligned contact pads are formed in the cell region in contact with the source and drain regions. An insulating interlayer is formed on the semiconductor substrate between the self-aligned contact pads, and etch stoppers are formed on the insulating interlayer between the self-aligned contact pads in the cell region.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may include an IEEE 802.16 modem, a universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) modem and a media independent handover (MIH) entity. Software application programming interfaces provide the MIH entity with mechanisms to receive information about IEEE 802.16 and UMTS links, control IEEE 802.16 and UMTS modems for handover, discover an MIH server and IP multimedia system nodes, trigger mobile IP handover, etc. If an IEEE 802.16 link has been successfully established, the MIH entity starts an MIH session. When the IEEE 802.16 modem indicates that a connection is going to be terminated, the MIH entity activates the UMTS modem for handover. If the IEEE 802.16 modem indicates that a link parameter has crossed a threshold, the MIH entity sends IEEE 802.16 and WCDMA signal measurements to an MIH server. After receiving an MIH switch request, the MIH entity initiates handover to the UMTS network.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for inducing differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into mature neurons by culturing them in an optimal medium supplemented with necessary composition. According to the pre-induction method of the invention and a method for inducing differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into neurons by culturing them in neuronal induction media (NIM) containing butyl hydroxyanisole, forskolin and VPA, mesenchymal stem cells can be effectively differentiated into neurons or motor neurons, which thereby can be effectively used as a therapeutic agent for cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: A display device includes pixels and a driving voltage generator. A common voltage, including a first common voltage and a lower second common voltage, is applied to the pixels. The driving voltage generator generates first and second voltages from a basic voltage, generates the first common voltage based on the basic voltage and the second voltage, and generates the second common voltage based on the basic voltage and the first voltage. The driving voltage generator includes a voltage distribution unit outputting first and second reference voltages, a first output unit amplifying the first reference voltage and generating the first common voltage, and a second output unit outputting the second common voltage based on the second reference voltage. The first output unit includes an operation amplifier connected to a first power source applied with the second voltage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a neuronal regeneration material screening method using ex vivo models, more precisely a neuronal regeneration material screening method using an organotypic spinal cord slice culture. The neuronal regeneration material screening method using spinal cord slices of living bodies of the present invention can be effectively applied for the development of a novel therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases, such as spinal cord injury.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for generating personal broadcast content. A user terminal apparatus includes a broadcast reception unit receiving broadcast content through a broadcast network; a communication unit controlling connection with a server which provides an authoring tool for generating personal broadcast content and metadata required to obtain one or more pieces of content through the broadcast network and a bi-directional communication network; a user input unit receiving a user input signal; and a control unit configuring a personal broadcast screen, which contains the content, using the authoring tool and the metadata and generating personal broadcast content in response to the user input signal. When the apparatus and method are used, a user can generate personal broadcast content using content which can be obtained through a bi-directional communication channel and a broadcast channel.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for displaying content. The method includes receiving changed scene information if scene information containing position information indicating the time at which objects constituting the content are displayed and positions of the objects to be displayed is changed, receiving objects for constituting the content based on the changed scene information and determining whether objects overlapping each other exist among the received objects, and displaying the content after selectively changing positions of the objects according to the determination result.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of classifying repetitive defects on a substrate is provided. Defects of dies on the substrate are sequentially compared with a predetermined reference die. Sets of coordinates are marked on the reference die which are corresponding to the position of the defects on the dies on the substrate. Then, repetitive defects are classified which are repeatedly marked in a specified region on the reference die.