Abstract: An operation method of a terminal in a communication system may comprise: in response to occurrence of uplink (UL) data, transmitting a scheduling request (SR) for the UL data to a base station; performing a UL timing alignment procedure with the base station when a UL timing between the terminal and the base station is not synchronized; receiving a UL grant for the UL data from the base station; and transmitting the UL data to the base station using resources indicated by the UL grant.

Abstract: A control device for an MMC is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for setting up a board ID of a board used for a controller in a HVDC system that is capable of shortening inspection time of a board by easily identifying a location and a type of the board for inspection mounted. The apparatus for setting up a board ID of a board used for a controller in a HVDC system in the present invention comprises: IO boards for controlling submodules; a main board for managing the at least one IO board, and a backplane for connecting the main board with the at least one IO board.

Abstract: A method of operating a terminal in a communication system may include: receiving a message including first configuration information for a low-latency random access procedure from a base station; transmitting MsgA to the base station on the basis of the first configuration information; retransmitting the MsgA when MsgB, which is a response to the MsgA, is not received; and completing the random access procedure on the basis of information included in the MsgB when the MsgB is received in a section corresponding to the maximum number of low-latency transmissions indicated by first information included in the first configuration information.

Abstract: An operation method of a terminal in a communication system may comprise: receiving, from a base station, an RRC message including CG configuration information and parameters for a reconfiguration request on a CG resource configured by the CG configuration information; performing a monitoring operation for uplink communication according to the CG configuration information in a period indicated by a first parameter among the parameters; transmitting, to the base station, a MAC CE requesting reconfiguration of the CG resource, when a result of the monitoring operation satisfies a second parameter among the parameters; and receiving, from the base station, configuration information of the CG resource reconfigured according to the MAC CE.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for uplink communication based on grant-free scheme in a communication system. An operation method of a terminal includes receiving an RRC message from a base station, the RRC message including information indicating a frequency resource of a PUSCH; receiving a DCI from the base station, the DCI including information indicating a time resource of the PUSCH; and transmitting the PUSCH to the base station using the time-frequency resource indicated by the RRC message and the DCI. Therefore, the performance of the communication system can be improved.

Abstract: An operation method of a terminal in a communication system includes receiving an RRC message from a base station, the RRC message including configuration information of a plurality of CGs; transmitting a first signal to the base station through a first CG resource indicated by a first CG among the plurality of CGs; receiving a control message from the base station; and based on a result of receiving the control message, transmitting a second signal to the base station through a second CG resource indicated by an activated second CG among the plurality of CGs, wherein a pattern of the first CG resource is different from a pattern of the second CG resource.

Abstract: An operation method of a terminal in a communication system may comprise: receiving configuration information of an SPS from a base station, the configuration information including a first HARQ offset for first data and a second HARQ offset for second data; receiving control information including information indicating activation of the SPS from the base station; receiving the first data and the second data from the base station based on the configuration information of the SPS; generating a first HARQ codebook including a first HARQ feedback for the first data and a second HARQ feedback for the second data; and transmitting the first HARQ codebook to the base station on a first PUCCH indicated by the first HARQ offset and the second HARQ offset, wherein a value of the first HARQ offset is different from a value of the second HARQ offset.

Abstract: Proposed is a submodule of an MMC converter configured to stably supply power to a submodule controller controlling the submodule of an MMC converter. The submodule includes: an energy storage part storing electric energy therein; a plurality of switching elements connected in parallel to the energy storage part to have a shape of a bridge; a plurality of serially-connected resistors connected in parallel to the energy storage part; a plurality of DC-DC converters connected in parallel to a resistor of the plurality of resistors; a power switching part operating to select and output one voltage of voltages output from the plurality of DC-DC converters and a plurality of voltages input from outside; and a submodule controller operating with the voltage output by the power switching part so as to control switching operations of the plurality of switching elements.

Abstract: An MMC converter linked to a HVDC system and a sub-module constituting the MMC converter are proposed. The sub-module includes: first and second power semiconductor switches connected in series in the same direction, each including a semiconductor switch and a diode connected in anti-parallel to the semiconductor switch; a capacitor connected in parallel to the first and second power semiconductor switches connected together in series; a first terminal connected to a first node between the first and second power semiconductor switches; a second terminal connected to a second node between the second power semiconductor switch and the capacitor; third and fourth power semiconductor switches connected in series in opposite directions between the first and second terminals, each including a semiconductor switch and a diode connected in anti-parallel to the semiconductor switch; and a third terminal connected to a third node between the third and fourth power semiconductor switches.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an oven with a doubly insulated lamp having increased lifetime. The oven may include a cooking chamber, a first insulating case mounted on one surface of the cooking chamber, a first case coupled to the first insulating case to form a first insulated space, a second insulating case having at least a part thereof disposed inside the first insulated space, a second case coupled to the second insulating case to form a second insulated space, and a lamp disposed inside the second insulated space to be doubly insulated from heat of the cooking chamber.

Abstract: An MMC converter linked to a HVDC system and a sub-module constituting the MMC converter are proposed. The sub-module includes: first and second power semiconductor switches connected in series in the same direction, each including a semiconductor switch and a diode connected in anti-parallel to the semiconductor switch; a capacitor connected in parallel to the first and second power semiconductor switches connected together in series; a first terminal connected to a first node between the first and second power semiconductor switches; a second terminal connected to a second node between the second power semiconductor switch and the capacitor; third and fourth power semiconductor switches connected in series in opposite directions between the first and second terminals, each including a semiconductor switch and a diode connected in anti-parallel to the semiconductor switch; and a third terminal connected to a third node between the third and fourth power semiconductor switches.

Abstract: An MMC converter linked to a HVDC system and a sub-module are proposed. The sub-module includes: first and second power semiconductor switches serially connected in the same direction, each including a semiconductor switch and a diode connected in anti-parallel to the semiconductor switch; a capacitor parallelly connected to the first and second power semiconductor switches serially connected; a first terminal connected to a first node between the first and second power semiconductor switches; a second terminal connected to a second node between the second power semiconductor switch and the capacitor; a third power semiconductor switch of which a side is connected to the second node, the third power semiconductor switch including a semiconductor switch and a diode connected in anti-parallel to the semiconductor switch; and a third terminal connected to a terminal of an AC grid system and connected to the other side of the third power semiconductor switch.

Abstract: An operation method of a terminal in a communication system includes receiving an RRC message from a base station, the RRC message including configuration information of a plurality of CGs; transmitting a first signal to the base station through a first CG resource indicated by a first CG among the plurality of CGs; receiving a control message from the base station; and based on a result of receiving the control message, transmitting a second signal to the base station through a second CG resource indicated by an activated second CG among the plurality of CGs, wherein a pattern of the first CG resource is different from a pattern of the second CG resource.

Abstract: A modular multilevel converter (MMC) converter including an auxiliary sub-module provided between an upper converter arm and a lower converter arm of the MMC converter is provided. An MMC converter includes an auxiliary sub-module including: an energy storage unit storing a DC voltage in the sub-module; a first semiconductor switch connected to the energy storage unit; a second semiconductor switch connected to the first semiconductor switch; a third semiconductor switch connected to the second semiconductor switch; and a switching controller turning ON/OFF the first to third semiconductor switches, wherein a mid-point between the first and second semiconductor switches is connected to the sub-module of the upper converter arm, a mid-point between the second and third semiconductor switches is connected to a load connection terminal, and a mid-point between the third semiconductor switch and the energy storage unit is connected to the sub-module of the lower converter arm.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for uplink communication based on grant-free scheme in a communication system. An operation method of a terminal includes receiving an RRC message from a base station, the RRC message including information indicating a frequency resource of a PUSCH; receiving a DCI from the base station, the DCI including information indicating a time resource of the PUSCH; and transmitting the PUSCH to the base station using the time-frequency resource indicated by the RRC message and the DCI. Therefore, the performance of the communication system can be improved.

Abstract: A modular multilevel converter (MMC) converter including an auxiliary sub-module provided between an upper converter arm and a lower converter arm of the MMC converter is provided. An MMC converter includes an auxiliary sub-module including: an energy storage unit storing a DC voltage in the sub-module; a first semiconductor switch connected to the energy storage unit; a second semiconductor switch connected to the first semiconductor switch; a third semiconductor switch connected to the second semiconductor switch; and a switching controller turning ON/OFF the first to third semiconductor switches, wherein a mid-point between the first and second semiconductor switches is connected to the sub-module of the upper converter arm, a mid-point between the second and third semiconductor switches is connected to a load connection terminal, and a mid-point between the third semiconductor switch and the energy storage unit is connected to the sub-module of the lower converter arm.

Abstract: An MMC converter linked to a HVDC system and a sub-module are proposed. The sub-module includes: first and second power semiconductor switches serially connected in the same direction, each including a semiconductor switch and a diode connected in anti-parallel to the semiconductor switch; a capacitor parallelly connected to the first and second power semiconductor switches serially connected; a first terminal connected to a first node between the first and second power semiconductor switches; a second terminal connected to a second node between the second power semiconductor switch and the capacitor; a third power semiconductor switch of which a side is connected to the second node, the third power semiconductor switch including a semiconductor switch and a diode connected in anti-parallel to the semiconductor switch; and a third terminal connected to a terminal of an AC grid system and connected to the other side of the third power semiconductor switch.

Abstract: A cooking device is provided. The cooking device supplied with power through an AC power supply including a neutral line includes: a motor configured to drive a cooling fan; a main board mounted with a plurality of components for an operation of the cooking device; and a thermal protector having one end connected to the neutral line of the AC power supply and the other end commonly connected to the motor and the main board, wherein the thermal protector cuts off connection between the neutral line and the main board through the thermal protector if a temperature of the motor is equal to or higher than a predetermined value.

Abstract: Provided is a dual control apparatus and control method for a high voltage direct current (HVDC) system. The dual control apparatus comprises: a first controller and a second controller operated in a dual manner, the first controller and the second controller each including: a deviation calculation unit calculating a deviation between a target value and a control value; a PI controller performing proportional control and integral control on the deviation; a first buffer storing an error value for the integral control performed by the PI controller of a relevant one of the first and second controllers; and a second buffer storing an error value for the integral control performed by the PI controller of a remaining one of the first and second controllers.