Abstract: Provided is a dual control apparatus and control method for a high voltage direct current (HVDC) system. The dual control apparatus comprises: a first controller and a second controller operated in a dual manner, the first controller and the second controller each including: a deviation calculation unit calculating a deviation between a target value and a control value; a PI controller performing proportional control and integral control on the deviation; a first buffer storing an error value for the integral control performed by the PI controller of a relevant one of the first and second controllers; and a second buffer storing an error value for the integral control performed by the PI controller of a remaining one of the first and second controllers.

Abstract: A flame-retardant polyester artificial hair filaments according to the present invention comprises: (A) 100 parts by weight of a thermoplastic polyester resin; (B) 10-20 parts by weight of a polymeric brominated polystyrene flame retardant; (B) 5-10 parts by weight of a polymeric phosphorus flame retardant; (D) 0.1-3 parts by weight of a chain extender; and (E) 0.5-3 parts by weight of sodium antimonate.

Abstract: A base station infers a random access failure rate depending on a random access collision of terminals performing random access and controls a random access opportunity of a terminal that fails the random access by using the random access failure rate of each terminal. Also, information for the controlled random access opportunity is transmitted to the terminal that fails the random access.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for transmitting/receiving downlink data for a terminal in an idle state. The terminal receives a paging message from a base station and obtains a Random Access (RA) preamble index corresponding to an identifier of the terminal from the paging message. Then, the terminal transmits an RA preamble corresponding to the RA preamble index to the base station, receives an RA response message from the base station, and obtains downlink resource allocation information from the RA response message. After that, the terminal receives data from the base station based on the downlink resource allocation information.

Abstract: A cooking device is provided. The cooking device supplied with power through an AC power supply including a neutral line includes: a motor configured to drive a cooling fan; a main board mounted with a plurality of components for an operation of the cooking device; and a thermal protector having one end connected to the neutral line of the AC power supply and the other end commonly connected to the motor and the main board, wherein the thermal protector cuts off connection between the neutral line and the main board through the thermal protector if a temperature of the motor is equal to or higher than a predetermined value.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an oven with a doubly insulated lamp having increased lifetime. The oven may include a cooking chamber, a first insulating case mounted on one surface of the cooking chamber, a first case coupled to the first insulating case to form a first insulated space, a second insulating case having at least a part thereof disposed inside the first insulated space, a second case coupled to the second insulating case to form a second insulated space, and a lamp disposed inside the second insulated space to be doubly insulated from heat of the cooking chamber.

Abstract: A method for synchronization by a D2D terminal in a D2D communication network through receiving a first D2D synchronization signal from at least one D2D synchronization source and performing synchronization according to a synchronization timing reference provided through the first D2D synchronization signal, and a method for negotiating whether to perform a role as a synchronization source with another D2D synchronization source through determining, when a D2D synchronization signal and a D2D synchronization channel are received from at least one D2D synchronization source, whether to maintain a role as the independent synchronization source based on negotiation information for negotiation between synchronization sources included in the D2D synchronization channel, and operating as a relaying synchronization source when the role as the independent synchronization source is not maintained, are provided.

Abstract: A flame-retardant polyester artificial hair filaments according to the present invention comprises: (A) 100 parts by weight of a thermoplastic polyester resin; (B) 10-20 parts by weight of a polymeric brominated polystyrene flame retardant; (B) 5-10 parts by weight of a polymeric phosphorus flame retardant; (D) 0.1-3 parts by weight of a chain extender; and (E) 0.5-3 parts by weight of sodium antimonate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a redundant control system.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of designing an integrated circuit includes: receiving first data that includes a plurality of resistance values with respect to a via in the integrated circuit, wherein each of the plurality of resistance values is defined based on at least one of a width of a conductive line connected to the via or a space between the conductive line and an adjacent conductive line; receiving second data that includes physical characteristics of a layout of the integrated circuit; and extracting, by using a processor, a via resistance based on the layout from the plurality of resistance values based on the first and second data.

Abstract: A wireless terminal selects a first random access preamble in a random access preamble group for a small-sized data transmission (SDT) and transmits the selected first random access preamble to a base station, if a size of a data packet to be transmitted is smaller than a maximum SDT size set for the SDT and receives a random access response message including a first uplink resource from the base station. Further, the wireless terminal transmits the data packet using the first uplink resource without an RRC connection setup with the base station.

Abstract: A base station infers a random access failure rate depending on a random access collision of terminals performing random access and controls a random access opportunity of a terminal that fails the random access by using the random access failure rate of each terminal. Also, information for the controlled random access opportunity is transmitted to the terminal that fails the random access.

Abstract: A wireless terminal transmits stop state information to a base station upon an initial network access and receives resource pool information and transmission unit information for small data transmission in the wireless terminal from the base station. The wireless terminal selects a subframe index and a transmission unit index for data transmission from a resource pool for the small data transmission and transmits data in a transmission unit corresponding to the transmission unit index within a subframe corresponding to the subframe index.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for handover is provided. In a network environment in which a plurality of beams are provided within a base station, a terminal measures signal strength of a serving beam and signal strength of a target beam and transmits a measurement report message when a first condition or a second condition is satisfied. The base station determines inter-beam coordinated scheduling when the signal strength of the serving beam and target beam satisfy the first condition, and determines handover between beams when the signal strength of the serving beam and target beam satisfy the second condition. The base station transmits a message for commanding handover to the terminal when the handover between beams is determined. The terminal then stops communicating with the serving beam and performs handover to the target beam.

Abstract: A UE does not immediately perform handover after receiving a handover command from a serving base station, but instead backups that message and continuously compares the signal strength of a serving base station and the signal strength of a target base station and performs a handover to the target base station at the best timing when handover is required. Once the timing of handover is determined, the UE transmits a handover indication message to the serving base station, and thereafter the UE performs a handover to the target base station.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for controlling distributed transmission power in device-to-device (D2D) communication. The D2D devices individually control their transmission power for the D2D communication link. In addition, a first terminal calculates the transmission power based on the measured channel gain and interference-plus-noise level. The first terminal determines optimal transmission power based on the calculated transmission power by the first terminal, and transmits a transmission power change message including the optimal transmission power to a second terminal. Next, the second terminal transmits a D2D signal based on the optimal transmission power.

Abstract: A battery charging apparatus includes a converting unit, first and second charging units and a switching unit. The converting unit separately convert AC power into a first voltage and a second voltage. The first charging unit drops the converted first voltage and charge a high voltage battery with the dropped first voltage. The second charging unit drops the converted second voltage or a third voltage of the high voltage battery, and charges an auxiliary battery with the dropped second or third voltage. The switching unit performs, in a first mode, the charging of the high voltage battery and the auxiliary battery by the AC power, and in a second mode, stops the charging of the high voltage battery by the AC power and performs the charging of the auxiliary battery by the third voltage.

Abstract: A flame-retardant polyester artificial hair filaments is provided which comprises: (A) 100 parts by weight of a thermoplastic polyester resin; (B) 10-30 parts by weight of a polymeric phosphorus-based flame retardant; (C) 0.1-3 parts by weight of a chain extender; and (D) 0.5-3 parts by weight of sodium antimonate. The polymeric phosphorus-based flame retardant (B) may be a flame retardant having a repeat unit of formula 1 and a weight-average molecular weight ranging from 80,000 to 150,000. The flame-retardant polyester artificial hair filaments can be prepared by: extruding a composition comprising a mixture of a polyester resin, a polymeric phosphorus-based flame retardant, a chain extender and sodium antimonate to form a pellet; drying the pellet to a water content of 500 ppm or less; melt-spinning the dried pellet to prepare a undrawn yarn; drawing the undrawn yarn at a draw ratio of 2-5; and heat-treating the drawn yarn in a heat treatment device heated to a temperature of 150˜280° C.

Abstract: A method for synchronization by a D2D terminal in a D2D communication network through receiving a first D2D synchronization signal from at least one D2D synchronization source and performing synchronization according to a synchronization timing reference provided through the first D2D synchronization signal, and a method for negotiating whether to perform a role as a synchronization source with another D2D synchronization source through determining, when a D2D synchronization signal and a D2D synchronization channel are received from at least one D2D synchronization source, whether to maintain a role as the independent synchronization source based on negotiation information for negotiation between synchronization sources included in the D2D synchronization channel, and operating as a relaying synchronization source when the role as the independent synchronization source is not maintained, are provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for handover is provided. In a network environment in which a plurality of beams are provided within a base station, a terminal measures signal strength of a serving beam and signal strength of a target beam and transmits a measurement report message when a first condition or a second condition is satisfied. The base station determines inter-beam coordinated scheduling when the signal strength of the serving beam and target beam satisfy the first condition, and determines handover between beams when the signal strength of the serving beam and target beam satisfy the second condition. The base station transmits a message for commanding handover to the terminal when the handover between beams is determined. The terminal then stops communicating with the serving beam and performs handover to the target beam.