Abstract: A peer-to-peer (P2P) transaction method may include issuing a service identifier associated with a first service among a plurality of services provided through different service providers; providing a sealing request function associated with an item available within the first service and a submission request function associated with a token to the first service to which the service identifier is issued; receiving a sealing request of first user associated with the item through the sealing request function from the first service; requesting the first service associated with sealing of the item in response to the sealing request; generating a token containing the service identifier and ownership of the first user associated with the item through a blockchain network; receiving a submission request associated with the token of the first user through the submission request function from the first service; and processing transaction for the token in response to the submission request.

Abstract: There are provided a memory device and an operating method of the memory device. The memory device includes: a memory block including first select transistors, memory cells, and second select transistors, which are connected between bit lines and a source line; a precharge controller for monitoring a program operation of the memory cells, and changing a precharge mode of unselected strings among strings included in the memory block according to a monitoring result; and a select line voltage generator for generating a positive voltage or a negative voltage, which is applied to a second select line connected to the second select transistors, according to the precharge mode selected in the precharge controller.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a display device includes an application head which applies an adhesive material to a subject, and a selective curing module which curs a portion of the adhesive material, where the selective curing module cures an edge portion of the adhesive material.

Abstract: Disclosed are substrate processing apparatuses and methods. The substrate processing apparatus comprises a first process chamber including a first process space, a stage in the first process space and being configured to support a substrate, a stage driving mechanism configured to drive the stage to rotate about a first axis, a cleaning nozzle arm configured to supply a cleaning solution onto the stage, a gas supply unit configured to provide an inert gas to the first process space, and an airflow generator between the stage and the gas supply unit and being configured to generate a spiral-shaped rotating air current.

Abstract: Provided are a 3 level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM3) transmitter, an operating method of the PAM3 transmitter, and an electronic device including the same. The PAM3 transmitter includes a driver configured to convert input data into PAM3 signals, an eye monitor circuit electrically connected to an output terminal of the driver and configured to monitor upper eye patterns and lower eye patterns of the PAM3 signals, and a duty cycle adjust circuit configured to adjust a duty cycle of the input data provided to the driver.

Abstract: An apparatus for polishing a wafer is provided.

Abstract: An embodiment provides a vision training device having excellent vision training efficiency based on personal vision. An embodiment includes a refractive index-adjustable lens disposed in a field of view direction of an eye of a user and having a refractive index which is changed with supply of an electric current, a lens drive unit including one or more electrodes electrically connected to the refractive index-adjustable lens and a voltage adjusting unit capable of adjusting a voltage applied to the one or more electrodes, and a control unit that that controls the voltage adjusting unit such that a refractive index of the refractive index-adjustable lenses is adjusted, sets at least one training range within a refractive index adjustment range of the refractive index-adjustable lenses, and adjusts the refractive index of the refractive index-adjustable lenses in the training range.

Abstract: A vision training device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a deviation angle determining unit that determines a deviation angle and a deviation direction of a user, a strabismus correction value determining unit that determines at least one or more correction prism diopters and a correction direction based on the deviation angle and the deviation direction, a vision training unit that determines at least one of the correction prism diopters as a training range and guides movement of the user's eye in the deviation direction and the correction direction, and a refraction angle adjusting unit that changes a refraction angle of light entering the user's eye according to the deviation angle or at least one or more correction prism diopters included in the training range. Through vision training, weak eye muscles, which are the root cause of strabismus, can be strengthened.

Abstract: A laser annealing device includes a laser generator, a beam splitter, a ?/2 phase difference member, a first reflective member, and a second reflective member. The laser generator emits a laser beam. The beam splitter splits the laser beam into a first reflective light and a transmissive light. The ?/2 phase difference member changes a polarization component of the transmissive light. The first reflective member reflects the transmissive light having the changed polarization component. The second reflective member reflects the transmissive light having the changed polarization component in a way such that the transmissive light having the changed polarization component which is reflected from the first reflective member is incident to the beam splitter.

Abstract: The filter for carbon dioxide adsorption according to the present invention is composed of multiple unit filters that are mutually connected and stacked, and the unit filters include a repeating three-dimensional patterned part formed using one selected from vat photopolymerization, powder bed fusion, or additive manufacturing processes; flow paths formed in the three-dimensional patterned part; a three-dimensional exposed surface that is exposed to the mixed gas flowing through the flow paths; and a carbon dioxide adsorption layer coated on the exposed surface.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for providing a counseling service. A method of operating a counseling center server interworking with an instant messaging service includes providing a profile of at least one expert account for counseling linked to a channel of a second user to a terminal of a first user, identifying an initiation condition for a counseling ticket for counseling with a first expert account, creating a counseling ticket to be allocated to the first expert account, and transmitting counseling content through a chat room for counseling of the channel in which the first expert account and an account of the first user participate.

Abstract: The present specification relates to a color conversion film comprising a color conversion functional layer including a phase change material, and a backlight unit and a display apparatus including the color conversion film.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for providing a counseling service. A method of operating a counseling center server interworking with an instant messaging service includes acquiring, based a search request for a message transmitted to a channel registered in the service, a search result of a chatbot server linked to the channel, providing an interface for inputting a value of at least one parameter included in the search result to a terminal of a counselor linked to the channel, acquiring an entity corresponding to the parameter based on the message, determining a value of the parameter based on at least one of the acquired entity and data input through the interface, and requesting, based on the determined value of the parameter, an instant messaging server configured to provide the service to transmit a response message corresponding to the search result.

Abstract: A lithography apparatus comprises a wafer stage, a cable configured to be bent as the wafer stage moves, a first support configured to prevent the cable from sagging, and to support the cable to maintain a bent state of the cable when the cable moves, a first rail installed on a first side of the cable, and including curved track extending in a direction from a lower portion of the cable toward an upper portion of the cable, wherein the first rail includes a concave first surface, a second rail installed on a second side of the cable opposite the first side of the cable, and including curved track extending in the direction from the lower portion of the cable toward the upper portion of the cable, wherein the second rail includes a concave second surface.

Abstract: An embodiment provides a vision training device having excellent vision training efficiency based on personal vision. An embodiment includes a refractive index-adjustable lens disposed in a field of view direction of an eye of a user and having a refractive index which is changed with supply of an electric current, a lens drive unit including one or more electrodes electrically connected to the refractive index-adjustable lens and a voltage adjusting unit capable of adjusting a voltage applied to the one or more electrodes, and a control unit that that controls the voltage adjusting unit such that a refractive index of the refractive index-adjustable lenses is adjusted, sets at least one training range within a refractive index adjustment range of the refractive index-adjustable lenses, and adjusts the refractive index of the refractive index-adjustable lenses in the training range.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a vision training device with high training efficiency for the ciliary muscle. In an example, a vision training device includes a housing having at least one eyepiece unit corresponding to an eye of a user, a display that displays a target image in front of a fixation axis of the user, a lens arranged between the eyepiece unit and the display unit, a movable unit capable of moving at least one of the display and the lens along the fixation axis, and a control unit that sets at least one training range within a movable range of the display and the lens and controls the movable unit such that at least one of the display and the lens is moved within the training range.

Abstract: A display apparatus including a display and a supporter. The supporter being mounted on the display and configured to support the display and rotate the display module between a first position and a second position. The supporter including a drive motor, a first gear, and a detection sensor. The drive motor configured to supply a driving force to rotate the display. The first gear configured to rotate together with the display by receiving the driving force from the drive motor. The detection sensor configured to detect a rotation amount of a second gear configured to rotate in with the first gear.

Abstract: An image sensing device providing improved image quality includes a pixel array that outputs a pixel signal, a comparator that outputs a comparison result signal by comparing a reference signal and the pixel signal, a counter that outputs a count result signal having m bits by counting the comparison result signal, and an image signal processor that outputs an image signal having n bits by correcting the count result signal, wherein m and n are integers, and m is greater than n.

Abstract: A sound absorption and isolation module is configured to reduce noise radiated from a tire and an operation apparatus thereof. The sound absorption and isolation module is formed by integrally combining a box outer plate, a sound isolation sheet, a sound absorption material, and a pad member. The sound absorption and isolation module is used to reduce the noise radiated from the tire and generated during a roll-and-brake process.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device may include a transmission driver and an equalizer. The transmission driver may be configured to, in response to a transmission control data, transmit an output signal to an outside through a signal line in a transmission operation that outputs the output signal to the outside, and provide termination resistance in a reception operation that receives an input signal from the outside through the signal line. The equalizer may be configured to, in response to an equalizer control data, amplify high-frequency components of the output signal in the transmission operation, and to provide termination resistance in the reception operation.