Abstract: There are provided a memory device and an operating method of the memory device. The memory device includes: a memory block including first select transistors, memory cells, and second select transistors, which are connected between bit lines and a source line; a precharge controller for monitoring a program operation of the memory cells, and changing a precharge mode of unselected strings among strings included in the memory block according to a monitoring result; and a select line voltage generator for generating a positive voltage or a negative voltage, which is applied to a second select line connected to the second select transistors, according to the precharge mode selected in the precharge controller.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a vision training device with high training efficiency for the ciliary muscle. In an example, a vision training device includes a housing having at least one eyepiece unit corresponding to an eye of a user, a display that displays a target image in front of a fixation axis of the user, a lens arranged between the eyepiece unit and the display unit, a movable unit capable of moving at least one of the display and the lens along the fixation axis, and a control unit that sets at least one training range within a movable range of the display and the lens and controls the movable unit such that at least one of the display and the lens is moved within the training range.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of preparing a high density culture of bacteria. The method provides a bioreactor comprising a fermentation tank, a perfusion system, a medium, and a cell separator; preparing an inoculum comprising a bacteria consortia with at least two bacteria species; inoculating the fermentation tank with the inoculum to form a fermentation culture; and growing the bacteria consortia until it has reached a target density of at least about 1012 CFU/mL.

Abstract: Disclosed is a loop-wise route optimization method including defining, by a loop variable designer, a loop as a set of links of a predetermined directionality including a clockwise direction or a counterclockwise direction in which a start node and an end node are the same in a graph including nodes and links; defining, by the loop variable designer, loop variables that are virtual variables each having a continuous value between a negative base route value and a positive base route value assigned in a predetermined directionality including a clockwise direction or a counterclockwise direction to the loop; defining, by a base route designer, a base route has a positive value and of which a travel direction is set in a direction from the origin node to the destination node; and formulating, by an effective route searcher, an effective route problem using the loop variables and the base route.

Abstract: In a transmitter circuit, an impedance calibration circuit is configured to generate an impedance code for impedance matching, an encoder is configured to receive the impedance code and to generate a delay compensation signal based on the impedance code. A delay circuit is configured to output delay data that are delayed from input data by a delay value determined based on the delay compensation signal. A feed-forward equalizer is configured to receive the input data and the delay data, and to equalize the input data based on a main coefficient used for the input data and an equalization coefficient used for the delay data to generate transmission data.

Abstract: A memory device includes a memory block, a peripheral circuit, and control logic. The memory block includes memory cells. The peripheral circuit performs a program operation including a plurality of program loops. Each of the plurality of program loops includes a program pulse application operation and a verify operation. The control logic controls the peripheral circuit to store cell status information and apply a program limit voltage. The control logic sets a verify pass reference and applies the program limit voltage determined based on the cell status information.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus includes an outer bath, an inner bath in the outer bath, a chemical solution supply pipe in fluid communication with a portion of the outer bath, and an outer gas supply pipe in fluid communication with another portion of the outer bath. The outer bath includes an outer body providing an outer receiving space, and an outer door coupled to the outer body and configured to close the outer receiving space. An end of the outer gas supply pipe is located in the outer receiving space between the outer body and the inner bath, and a portion of the chemical solution supply pipe is located in the inner bath.

Abstract: A vision training device includes a housing having at least one eyepiece unit corresponding to an eye of a user, a display that displays a target image in front of a fixation axis of the user, a lens arranged between the eyepiece unit and the display unit, a movable unit capable of moving at least one of the display and the lens along the fixation axis, and a control unit that sets at least one training range within a movable range of the display and the lens and controls the movable unit such that at least one of the display and the lens is moved within the training range.

Abstract: The present specification relates to a display device including: a liquid crystal panel; and a backlight unit, in which the backlight unit includes one or more color conversion films, the liquid crystal panel or backlight unit includes a light absorption layer, and the color conversion film includes, during light irradiation, a first light emission peak in which a light emission peak having the largest height within a wavelength range of 500 nm to 560 nm is present within 520 nm to 535 nm and a full width at half maximum of the light emission peak is 50 nm or less and a second light emission peak in which a light emission peak having the largest height within a wavelength range of 600 nm to 780 nm is present within 625 nm to 640 nm and a full width at half maximum of the light emission peak is 60 nm or less.

Abstract: The present invention presents an electric drive system that charges the batteries using the hydrogen fuel cell when the vehicle is parked and efficiently distributes and supplies power to front and rear-wheel motors by adjusting the discharge and the regeneration of the batteries according to the driving sections when the vehicle is driven.

Abstract: A connector for connecting two fluid-conducting elements, in particular for connecting two motor vehicle pipelines, with a female plug-in part and a male plug-in part that can be plugged into the female plug-in part. The male plug-in part can be fixed on the female plug-in part via at least one fixing element. At least one indicator element is provided, which indicates the properly or completely fixed state of the male plug-in part which has been reached via the fixing element. When the male plug-in part is inserted into the female plug-in part, the indicator element is displaced outward in the radial direction. A radial outer position of the indicator element shows the properly fixed state of the male plug-in part on the female plug-in part.

Abstract: An embodiment provides a vision training device having excellent vision training efficiency based on personal vision. An embodiment includes a refractive index-adjustable lens disposed in a field of view direction of an eye of a user and having a refractive index which is changed with supply of an electric current, a lens drive unit including one or more electrodes electrically connected to the refractive index-adjustable lens and a voltage adjusting unit capable of adjusting a voltage applied to the one or more electrodes, and a control unit that that controls the voltage adjusting unit such that a refractive index of the refractive index-adjustable lenses is adjusted, sets at least one training range within a refractive index adjustment range of the refractive index-adjustable lenses, and adjusts the refractive index of the refractive index-adjustable lenses in the training range.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system and method for reproducing tactile content using spatial information, which enhances a user’s tactile sense of music by converting a sound of music played in a space into tactile sense in real time without any sense of difference between tactile and auditory sense and automatically correcting tactile information by reflecting a user location and spatial characteristics so that performance or image information may be realized as tactile content using spatial information and the user location.

Abstract: A chip antenna module includes a substrate, a plurality of chip antennas disposed on a first surface of the substrate, and an electronic element mounted on a second surface of the substrate, wherein each of the plurality of chip antennas includes a first ceramic substrate mounted on the first surface of the substrate, a second ceramic substrate opposing the first ceramic substrate, a first patch disposed on the first ceramic substrate, and a second patch disposed on the second ceramic substrate, and the first ceramic substrate and the second ceramic substrate are spaced apart from each other.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a photomask layout is provided. The method includes: receiving a first layout including a main pattern; generating a second layout by generating an assist feature in consideration of optical properties of the main pattern in the first layout; generating a third layout by performing optical proximity correction (OPC) on a second layout; and outputting the third layout to a corrected layout when the assist feature is not generated on an ACI image of a semiconductor film etched by using a photomask generated using the third layout, as an etching mask.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a colony analysis apparatus, which cultures microorganisms collected from food subject to microbial collection on a plurality of Petri substrates and analyzes colors and the number of the cultured microorganisms by image recognition, thereby accurately determining and analyzing the contamination level of the food subject to microbial collection by an average value of the analysis.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to an organic electronic device capable of ensuring high luminous efficiency, low driving voltage and high heat resistance, and improving color purity or lifespan.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a vision training device capable of performing color correction for a display and providing elaborate vision training. In order to achieve the above objects, a vision training device according to the present invention includes a color filter having an optical property disposed in a field of view direction of an eye of a user, a display, a user operating unit that adjusts image information of the display, and a control unit that causes a reference color image within a range similar to a color of the color filter to be displayed on the display and stores a correction confirmation signal for the display as a correction value when the correction confirmation signal is input through the user operating unit.

Abstract: A hybrid-type door outside belt for a vehicle utilizes different materials for a skin layer of a skin body that is mounted to an upper end of a door panel and a main wing that is moved by contacting the door glass, the skin layer of the skin body being made of a material having excellent scratch-resistance, and the main wing being made of a material having excellent compression set (deformation).

Abstract: An operation method of an application system includes receiving a chat room-entry event notifying that a user enters the chat room from a terminal in which an application is installed, generating an entry trigger based on the chat room enter event, and providing user context suitable information inferred based on a user key included in the entry trigger to the chat room.