Abstract: A laser apparatus includes: a first vacuum chamber, wherein machining is performed on a target substrate in the first vacuum chamber; a laser facing the first vacuum chamber; a carrier disposed in the first vacuum chamber, wherein the target substrate is seated on the carrier; a chamber window disposed in one surface of the first vacuum chamber, wherein a laser beam emitted by the laser passes through the chamber window; a first protection window positioned between the carrier and the chamber window; a second vacuum chamber disposed at a first side of the first vacuum chamber; and a transfer unit configured to transfer the first protection window to the second vacuum chamber.

Abstract: Provided are an electrostatic chuck, a deposition apparatus including the same, and a display panel fabricated using the same. According to an aspect, there is provided an electrostatic chuck including, a body, and a tension assist device disposed at a border of the body, the tension assist device includes a stepped portion disposed on a side of the body, and an end of the stepped portion is disposed higher than an upper surface of the body.

Abstract: Disclosed is a data collection apparatus for sea creatures including a main body, an antenna, a battery case and a separation unit. The main body includes a sensor assembly configured to collect information about surroundings of a target creature to be recorded, and a battery coupler formed at one side of the main body. The antenna protrudes in one direction from the main body so as to send data to outside. The battery case has a male connector configured such that at least a part thereof is accommodated in the battery coupler so as to be rotatably coupled thereto, and a battery installed in the battery case so as to supply electrical energy to the main body. The separation unit is detachably coupled to the battery case, and is fixed to the target creature to be recorded.

Abstract: A method of simulating a motion of an object controlling another object based on an example motion or a previously generated motion of the object is disclosed. The method includes refining a motion of a first object based on a motion of the first object predicted based on a motion specification, and on a trajectory of a second object controlled by the first object, and simulating the motion of the first object and the trajectory of the second object based on a vector for controlling joints of the first object that is generated based on the refined motion.

Abstract: A photomask manufacturing method includes defining a main region and a dummy region based on a layout data, wherein the main region corresponds to an outer boundary surrounding functional patterns defined by the layout data and the dummy region corresponds to an empty space outside the main region, and forming a dummy pattern to fill the dummy region. The forming of the dummy pattern includes placing at least one first pattern block in the dummy region to form a first sub-region, each of the at least one first pattern block having a first area, and placing, after completing the placing of the at least one first pattern block in the dummy region, at least one second pattern block in the dummy region except the first sub-region to form a second sub-region, each of the at least one second pattern block having a second area smaller than the first area.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a hydrogen liquefaction system, comprising a hydrogen pipe, where gaseous hydrogen is introduced at a front end, heat exchange occurs in a heat exchange unit leading to liquefaction of gaseous hydrogen into liquid hydrogen; a pre-cooling device formed between the front end of the hydrogen pipe and the first heat exchange unit; an oxygen pipe, where gaseous oxygen is introduced at a front end, heat exchange occurs in the pre-cooling device leading to liquefaction of gaseous oxygen into liquid oxygen; and a heat exchange device, which is in thermal contact with the first heat exchange unit of the hydrogen pipe so as to perform heat exchange with the first heat exchange unit of the hydrogen pipe such that pre-cooled gaseous hydrogen can be liquefied into liquid hydrogen.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a liquid hydrogen vaporization system and a liquid hydrogen vaporization method for vaporizing hydrogen in a liquid state into a gaseous state so as to supply hydrogen to a fuel cell, comprising a blower for supercharging wet air in atmosphere, a moisture eliminator for removing moisture contained in wet air supercharged through the blower and converting wet air into dry air, and a heat exchange unit for heating hydrogen through heat exchange between dry air and hydrogen so that hydrogen in a liquid state supplied from a hydrogen tank can be vaporized into a gaseous state and be supplied to a fuel cell, wherein the moisture eliminator condenses moisture contained in wet air by using cooling energy released when hydrogen supplied from the hydrogen tank vaporizes, thereby removing moisture contained in wet air.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus including the controller are provided. The controller includes: a signal analyzer configured to detect at least one of an amplitude, phase, and frequency of a first signal, which is provided to a chamber; a radio frequency (RF) signal generator configured to generate an RF signal with a natural frequency based on a power of the first signal; a harmonic controller configured to generate a second signal based on the power of the first signal and at least one of the amplitude, phase, and frequency of the first signal, the second signal having a different amplitude, a different phase, and/or a different frequency from the RF signal; an operator configured to perform an operation on the RF signal and the second signal; and a filter configured to generate an RF control signal by filtering an output signal of the operator.

Abstract: An analog-digital converter includes a count code generator to receive a code generation clock signal from a clock signal generator and to output a count code according to the code generation clock signal, a latch to latch the count code, an operating circuit to generate a count value of the count code and to output a digital signal based on the count value, and a transfer controller to transfer the count code from the latch to the operating circuit. The transfer controller determines whether to transfer the count code according to a logic level of a count enable clock signal generated from the clock signal generator.

Abstract: A display device includes a first area, a bending area, and a second area disposed between the first area and the bending area, a display panel disposed in the first area, the bending area, and the second area, and a cover panel layer disposed on a surface of the display panel. The cover panel layer includes a light-blocking layer disposed on the surface of the display panel in the first area and the second area, a cushion layer disposed on the light-blocking layer in the first area and the second area, a heat sink layer disposed on the cushion layer in the first area and the second area, and a release film layer disposed between the cushion layer and the heat sink layer in the first area but not in the second area.

Abstract: A multifunctional ship for the collection and recycling of ocean debris and the system thereof may include a hull; a detection device provided on the hull to detect ocean debris floating on the sea or deposited on the seabed; a collection device installed on the hull to collect the ocean debris detected by the detection device; a sorting device installed on the hull to sort the ocean debris collected by the collection device; a compressing device installed on the hull to compress the sorted ocean debris to compress and remove moisture and reduce the volume; a waste plastic recycling device installed on the hull to produce recycled oil by thermally decomposing the waste plastic compressed in the compressing device; a storage tank installed at the bottom of the hull to store the recycled oil produced; and a purifier for purifying wastewater generated in the process of producing recycled oil.

Abstract: A pair of vision devices are supported by a base frame while spaced apart from each other in a Y-axis direction, wherein each of the pair of vision devices includes a main illuminator which obliquely emits light with respect to a normal plane of a guide roller to illuminate a target object, a sub-illuminator which illuminates the target object by emitting light to remove a shadow generated by the main illuminator, and a camera disposed between the main illuminator and the sub-illuminator. The X-axis moving unit moves X-axis stages with respect to Y-axis stages in an X-axis direction so that the vision devices move toward or away from the guide roller while supported by the X-axis stages. The Y-axis moving unit moves at least any one of the Y-axis stages with respect to the base frame in the Y-axis direction to adjust a distance between the vision devices.

Abstract: Provided are a marine concrete composition using dechlorination microorganisms capable of easily removing chlorine generated by seawater through an electrical method by allowing electrons emitted from electricity-generating microorganisms to flow through steel fibers incorporated into ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) or high-performance fiber reinforced concrete (HPFRCC) through a dechlorination microbial capsule carrier and capable of self-healing concrete crack sites through a self-healing microbial capsule carrier and is also capable of fundamentally solving the problem of reduced durability against salt damage of ultra-high-performance concrete or high-performance fiber reinforced concrete for application in marine construction environments through a dechlorination microbial capsule carrier, and a method for constructing a marine concrete structure using the same.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for performing authentication on a vehicle on-demand service. A method by which an integrated communication control unit performs authentication on a vehicle on-demand service, includes: storing, in a service authentication server, a first option value related to a vehicle service, received from a tool in factory (TIF) device; obtaining or generating a private root private key and a private root certificate; generating a device certificate and a device private key signed with the private root private key for each performance controller; generating a service token for the first option value by using the private root certificate and the private root private key; and transmitting the generated service token, the private root certificate, and the device private key for each performance controller.

Abstract: A memory device includes a memory block, peripheral circuit, and control logic. The memory block includes a plurality of pages coupled to a plurality of word lines, respectively. The peripheral circuit is configured to perform a program loop including a program pulse operation of applying a program voltage to a selected word line, and a verify operation of applying at least one verify voltage corresponding to the program voltage to the selected word line and applying a verify pass voltage to unselected word lines. The control logic is configured to increase a level of the verify pass voltage applied to at least one unselected word line among the unselected word lines whenever the peripheral circuit performs the next program loop when threshold voltages of memory cells included in a page coupled to the selected word line are greater than a reference level.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system and method for reproducing tactile content using spatial information, which enhances a users tactile sense of music by converting a sound of music played in a space into tactile sense in real time without any sense of difference between tactile and auditory sense and automatically correcting tactile information by reflecting a user location and spatial characteristics so that performance or image information may be realized as tactile content using spatial information and the user location.

Abstract: The present invention, according to one embodiment, in order to generate a descriptor for a feature point extracted from an input image, may: determine the size of each of a plurality of sub-patches included in a main patch having a preset size on the basis of the feature point in the input image; calculate gradient directions for each pixel constituting a target sub-patch from among the plurality of sub-patches; determine the number of bins for distinguishing the gradient directions; generate, with respect to the target sub-patch, a histogram for a plurality of bins on the basis of the gradient directions of the pixels constituting the target sub-patch; and generate a descriptor for the feature point on the basis of the histogram. Various other embodiments may also be possible.

Abstract: Provided herein is a drill for a dental implant, which includes a coupling part connected to a hand piece configured to provide a rotational force, a body part disposed below the coupling part and configured to transmit the rotational force downward, a cutting part including a plurality of cutting blades and a void section, the cutting blades disposed below the body part to cut an alveolar bone and form a hole therein and being spaced apart at a predetermined angle in a rotational direction, and the void section surrounded by the cutting blades along at least a portion of an inner circumference of the cutting blades, and a coolant passage configured to communicate with the void section by passing through the coupling part and the body part and configured to, while the alveolar bone is being cut, supply coolant to the void section so that the coolant is introduced to the cutting blades.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating a substrate includes a housing having a treatment space therein, a heating plate that supports the substrate in the treatment space and that has a plurality of heating members inside, and a temperature control unit that controls the plurality of heating members to heat the substrate supported on the heating plate, in which the temperature control unit controls the plurality of heating members using a plurality of control signals with different control periods.