Abstract: An acoustic resonator includes a substrate, and a resonant portion comprising a center portion in which a first electrode, a piezoelectric layer and a second electrode are sequentially laminated on the substrate, and an extending portion disposed along a periphery of the center portion, wherein the resonant portion is configured to have an asymmetrical polygonal plane, an insertion layer is disposed below the piezoelectric layer in the extending portion, and the piezoelectric layer is configured to have a top surface which is raised to conform to a shape of the insertion layer, and the insertion layer is configured to have an asymmetrical polygonal shape corresponding to a shape of the extending portion.

Abstract: An acoustic resonator package includes a substrate, an acoustic resonator disposed on the substrate, the acoustic resonator including a first hydrophobic layer, a cap configured to accommodate the acoustic resonator, a bonding portion configured to bond the substrate to the cap, and a second hydrophobic layer disposed on the substrate at a position between the acoustic resonator and the bonding portion.

Abstract: A fine dust concentration sensor includes a bulk acoustic resonator and a cap including an upper portion with holes therein and a lateral portion connected to the upper portion to accommodate the bulk acoustic resonator. An upper surface of the upper portion of the cap is coated with a hydrophobic material.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a bulk acoustic wave resonator includes: forming a sacrificial layer on a substrate protection layer; forming a membrane layer on the substrate protection layer to cover the sacrificial layer; and forming a cavity by removing the sacrificial layer using a gas mixture comprising a halide-based gas and an oxygen-containing gas, wherein a mixture ratio of the halide-based gas to the oxygen-containing gas in the gas mixture is in a range from 1.5 to 2.4.

Abstract: An optimal condition is disclosed in which a composition of a soft magnetic molding solution includes 94 to 98 wt % of a soft magnetic powder and 2 to 6 wt % of an organic vehicle, in order to manufacture a coil-embedded inductor having various advantages such as high inductance, a low core loss, and high reliability. An exemplary manufacturing method is provided of a coil-embedded inductor having a structure in which a part of a coil is embedded in a magnetic core, which includes preparing an organic vehicle, preparing a soft magnetic molding solution having the density of 5.5 to 6.5 g/cc by mix-milling a soft magnetic powder with the organic vehicle, positioning and fixing a part of the coil in the case, and forming the magnetic core by injecting and curing the soft magnetic molding solution into the case.

Abstract: A bulk acoustic wave resonator includes a substrate, a first electrode and a second electrode formed on the substrate, and a piezoelectric layer provided between the first electrode and the second electrode. Either one or both of the first electrode and the second electrode include a molybdenum-tungsten alloy having a weight ratio of molybdenum to tungsten in a range of 3:1 to 1:3.

Abstract: Vehicle systems and methods can include a traction battery and a controller to operate the traction battery according to current limits of a battery model identified from a battery response to a pulse of current injected into the battery while the battery is not being discharged to propel the vehicle or being charged. The pulse can have a sampling time and magnitude. The response is battery terminal voltages measurements at every sampling time during a set duration. The controller can implement a state estimator configured to output battery state uses a battery impulse response. The pulse input into the battery can be a current signal and the measured battery response can be a voltage. The controller can select a time period for the pulse input and battery measurement response to be when the controller is not charging the battery or drawing current from the battery to propel the vehicle.

Abstract: A bulk acoustic wave resonator includes a substrate, a first electrode and a second electrode formed on the substrate, and a piezoelectric layer provided between the first electrode and the second electrode. Either one or both of the first electrode and the second electrode include a molybdenum-tungsten alloy having a weight ratio of molybdenum to tungsten in a range of 3:1 to 1:3.

Abstract: A resonator includes a resonating portion including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a piezoelectric layer positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a frame provided at an outer edge of the resonating portion, at least a portion of the frame covering an outer end portion of the second electrode.

Abstract: Vehicle systems and methods can include a traction battery and a controller to implement a state estimator configured to output battery state based on internal resistance of the traction battery and a system dynamics estimation of the traction battery using discrete battery measurements of voltage and internal resistance, and operate the traction battery according to output of the state estimator. For example, the controller can identify a system dynamics model of the traction battery using a battery input current profile and a battery output voltage profile measured within a predefined time period, transform the identified system dynamics model to a state-space model having a diagonal system matrix consisting of system Eigenvalues through the Eigendecomposition, estimate battery current limits and available power limits from the transformed system dynamics model, and operate the traction battery according to system dynamics model identified using estimated battery current limits and available power limits.

Abstract: A bulk acoustic wave resonator includes: a substrate; a cavity forming layer disposed on the substrate so as to form a cavity; a lower electrode disposed on the cavity; a piezoelectric layer disposed on the lower electrode; an upper electrode disposed on the piezoelectric layer; and a temperature compensation layer disposed below the lower electrode and in the cavity portion.

Abstract: A bulk acoustic wave resonator may include: an air cavity; an etching stop layer and an etching stop part, which define a lower boundary surface and a side boundary surface of the air cavity; and a resonating part formed on an approximately planar surface, which is formed by a upper boundary surface of the air cavity and a top surface of the etching stop part. A width of a top surface of the etching stop part may be greater than a width of a bottom surface of the etching stop part. A side surface of the etching stop part connecting the top surface of the etching stop part to the bottom surface of the etching stop part may be inclined.

Abstract: A bulk acoustic resonator includes a substrate, a first electrode disposed above the substrate, a piezoelectric body disposed on the first electrode and including a plurality of piezoelectric layers each including aluminum nitride with a doping material, and a second electrode disposed on the piezoelectric body, where at least one of the piezoelectric layers is a compressive piezoelectric layer formed under compressive stress.

Abstract: A powertrain having a traction battery is operated according to performance variables of the battery based on state variables of a reduced-order electrochemical model of the battery. The state variables are estimated by an estimator based on the battery model. A parameter of the battery model characterizing dynamics of the state variables with respect to battery operating conditions is updated by the estimator based on the battery model.

Abstract: A network function virtualization (NFV) apparatus according to the present disclosure may include: a virtual machine which is configured to perform a first network function, generate a flow rule according to network configuration information received from a user or a result of performing the first network function, and transmit the flow rule to a software switch; and the software switch which is configured to perform a second network function, and process a packet according to the flow rule. According to the present disclosure, separate a virtual network function may be separated into a data (packet) processing function and a control function, whereby a fast processing speed provided by a software switch and virtual machine's processing capability with high complexity may be maximally utilized.

Abstract: An electronic device according to various embodiments may include a first connector including at least one first pin and at least one second pin configured to be connected to an external electronic device; a second connector comprising at least one third pin and at least one fourth pin configured to be connected to a power supply; a switching circuit; and a processor electrically connected to the first connector, the second connector, and the switching circuit, wherein the processor is configured to determine a connection with the external electronic device or a connection with the power supply, and the processor is set to cause, when connected to the external electronic device via the first connector and connected to the power supply via the second connector, power received from the power supply via the at least one third pin to be supplied to the at least one first pin using the switching circuit.

Abstract: A bulk acoustic wave resonator includes: a substrate; a lower electrode disposed on the substrate; a piezoelectric layer at least partially disposed on the lower electrode; and an upper electrode disposed on the piezoelectric layer, wherein either one or both of the lower electrode and the upper electrode includes a layer of aluminum alloy including scandium (Sc).

Abstract: A bulk acoustic resonator includes a substrate, a first electrode disposed above the substrate, a piezoelectric body disposed on the first electrode and including a plurality of piezoelectric layers each including aluminum nitride with a doping material, and a second electrode disposed on the piezoelectric body, where at least one of the piezoelectric layers is a compressive piezoelectric layer formed under compressive stress.

Abstract: An acoustic resonator includes a substrate, a center portion, an extending portion, and a barrier layer. A first electrode, a piezoelectric layer, and a second electrode are sequentially stacked on the substrate in the central portion. The extending portion is configured to extend from the center portion, and includes an insertion layer disposed below the piezoelectric layer. The barrier layer is disposed between the first electrode and the piezoelectric layer.

Abstract: An electronic device for a head-mounted device (HMD) is provided. The electronic device includes a display, a memory configured to store virtual reality content, a processor configured to play back binocular image data based on the virtual reality content on the display, and a communication circuit configured to communicate with an external device. At this time, the processor is configured to determine whether the virtual reality content is stored in the external device and to determine data to be transmitted to the external device based on the determined result.