Abstract: A battery module includes a plurality of unit batteries, each unit battery having a terminal having a terminal contact portion. A electrically conductive adaptor connects the terminals of adjacent unit batteries, the electrically conductive adaptor having an adaptor contact surface. The terminal contact portion has a contact portion contact surface coupled to the adaptor contact surface. The contact portion contact surface and the adaptor contact surface are parallel to a longitudinal axis of the terminal.

Abstract: A NOR flash memory device includes a substrate having trenches that extend in a first direction and stepped portions that are arranged between the trenches. A bit region having a linear shape extends in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction in the substrate. The bit region is doped with impurities. A first dielectric layer is on the substrate having the trenches. An electric charge trap layer is on the first dielectric layer. A second dielectric layer is on the electric charge trap layer. An upper electrode is on sidewalls of the trenches. The upper electrode has a spacer shape. Related fabrication methods are also described.

Abstract: In a non-volatile memory device allowing multi-bit and/or multi-level operations, and methods of operating and fabricating the same, the non-volatile memory device comprises, in one embodiment: a semiconductor substrate, doped with impurities of a first conductivity type, which has one or more fins defined by at least two separate trenches formed in the substrate, the fins extending along the substrate in a first direction; pairs of gate electrodes formed as spacers at sidewalls of the fins, wherein the gate electrodes are insulated from the semiconductor substrate including the fins and extend parallel to the fins; storage nodes between the gate electrodes and the fins, and insulated from the gate electrodes and the semiconductor substrate; source regions and drain regions, which are doped with impurities of a second conductivity type, and are separately formed at least at surface portions of the fins and extend across the first direction of the fins; and channel regions corresponding to the respective gate

Abstract: The present invention relates to an in silico method for improving an organism on the basis of the flux sum (?) of metabolites, and more particularly to a method for screening key metabolites that increase the production yield of a useful substance, the method comprising defining the metabolite utilization of an organism for producing a useful substance as flux sum and perturbing the flux sum, as well as a method for improving an organism producing a useful substance, the method comprising deleting and/or amplifying genes associated with the aforementioned screened key metabolites. According to the present invention, the correlation between specific metabolites and useful substance production can be exactly predicted, so that it is possible to develop an organism having increased useful substance production by introducing and/or amplifying and/or deleting genes expressing enzymes associated with the specific metabolites.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a battery module including a plurality of unit batteries. The battery module includes the plurality of unit batteries electrically connected to each other, a housing having a plurality of penetration holes in which the unit batteries are provided to respective correspond to the unit batteries, and a duct member combined with the housing to cover electrode terminals of the unit batteries. The duct member includes a coolant passage through which a coolant is provided to the penetration hole and a gas exhaust passage for exhausting gas generated from the unit batteries in a predetermined direction.

Abstract: A NOR-type flash memory device comprises a plurality twin-bit memory cells arranged so that pairs of adjacent memory cells share a source/drain region and groups of four adjacent memory cells are electrically connected to each other by a single bitline contact.

Abstract: An automatic tire transfer apparatus using a traverser comprises: a vertical lift adapted to lift and lower a tire from a tire storage place; a tire charge section adapted to be supplied with the tire from the vertical lift and adapted to automatically push the supplied tire in the progress direction of the tire; a traverser unit disposed at an outlet of the tire charge section and adapted to automatically transfer the tire supplied from the tire charge section in the progress direction of the tire while fixedly supporting the tire; a tire loader adapted to be supplied with the tire from the traverser unit and adapted to transfer the supplied tire to a tire assembling unit; and a controller adapted to control the overall operation of the tire charge section, the traverser unit and the tire loader.

Abstract: A battery module includes a plurality of unit batteries disposed apart at intervals and a plurality of barriers interposed between the unit batteries. Each of the barriers includes a base supported on the unit battery and a plurality of protrusions extending from the base and contacting the unit battery. The protrusions are formed of an insulation material. In addition, the protrusions may be fixed onto the base in a staggered arrangement along columns and rows so that a certain angular arrangement between the alignment of protrusions is achieved, thereby maximizing cooling efficiency.

Abstract: A battery module for cooling unit batteries by a thermal conductivity method is disclosed. The battery module includes a plurality of unit batteries, a heat sink provided between the unit batteries, and an evaporator connected to the heat sink.

Abstract: A secondary battery includes an electrode assembly realized by layering and/or winding an anode, a cathode, and a separator; a case having a space into which the electrode assembly is inserted; and a cap assembly including a cap plate connected to the case inside of which the electrode assembly is mounted, a gasket insulating the cap plate from the case, and a safety assembly having a shock absorbing unit extending into the case from the gasket or the cap plate and that has a space for absorbing pressure, and having a vent member supported in a distal end of the shock absorbing unit and that is damaged when an internal pressure of the secondary battery exceeds a predetermined pressure.

Abstract: A rechargeable battery having electrical stability includes an electrode assembly, a case, a cap assembly, and a spacer. The electrode assembly includes an anode, a cathode, and a separator interposed between the anode and the cathode. The case has an opening in which the electrode assembly is inserted and has a first thickness portion having a first thickness and a second thickness portion having a second thickness smaller than the first thickness. The cap assembly is coupled to the opening of the case and electrically connected to the electrode assembly. The spacer is fixed to an end of the case, and includes a supporting protrusion that engages with a portion of the case where the first thickness portion and the second thickness portion are connected to each other.

Abstract: A rechargeable battery includes an electrode assembly, a case, a cap assembly, and an arc interrupter. The electrode assembly includes an anode, a cathode, and a separator interposed between the anode and the cathode. The case houses the electrode assembly and has an opening for the electrode assembly, and the cap assembly is coupled to the opening of the case and is electrically connected to the electrode assembly. The arc interrupter includes an interrupting member movably disposed in the cap assembly and a driving member connected to the interrupting member to transfer the interrupting member.

Abstract: A wheel feeder for supplying a wheel to a wheel mounting factory is disclosed. The wheel feeder includes: a vertical lifter for receiving a wheel transferred from a transferring conveyor; a vertical conveyor for receiving the wheel from the vertical lifter and transferring the wheel to a wheel mounting factory; and a wheel stopper unit mounted to the vertical lifter to supply the wheel to the vertical conveyor without damaging the wheel.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method for improving a strain on the basis of in silico analysis, in which it compares the genomic information of a target strain for producing a useful substance to the genomic information of a strain overproducing the useful substance so as to primarily screen genes unnecessary for the overproduction of the useful substance, and then to secondarily screen genes to be deleted through performing simulation with metabolic flux analysis.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has a reinforced rigidity against external impacts. The liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel and a backlight assembly; and a bottom chassis disposed to receive the liquid crystal display panel and the backlight assembly, the bottom chassis having a projection projected from an inner surface of the bottom chassis towards the liquid crystal display panel and the backlight assembly.

Abstract: A secondary battery includes a container an electrode assembly mounted in the container having a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a cap assembly fixed to the container to seal the container. The cap assembly includes a cap plate having a terminal, a current breaker electrically connected to the cap plate; and a vent plate having a safety vent electrically connected to the current breaker, the shape of the vent plate being altered by the internal pressure of the secondary battery to alter the shape of the current breaker, and the current breaker cutting off the current path of the cap assembly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mutant microorganisms having improved productivity of branched-chain amino acids, and a method for producing branched-chain amino acids using the mutant microorganisms. More specifically, relates to mutant microorganisms having improved productivity of L-valine, which are produced by attenuating or deleting a gene encoding an enzyme involved in L-isoleucine biosynthesis, a gene encoding an enzyme involved in L-leucine, and a gene encoding an enzyme involved in D-pantothenic acid biosynthesis, and mutating a gene encoding an enzyme involved in L-valine biosynthesis, such that the expression thereof is increased, as well as a method for producing L-valine using the mutant microorganisms. The inventive mutant microorganisms produced by site-specific mutagenesis and metabolic pathway engineering can produce branched-chain amino acids, particularly L-valine, with high efficiency, and thus will be useful as industrial microorganisms for producing L-valine.

Abstract: A method of forming a non-volatile memory device may include forming a fin protruding from a substrate, forming a tunnel insulating layer on portions of the fin, and forming a floating gate on the tunnel insulting layer so that the tunnel insulating layer is between the floating gate and the fin. A dielectric layer may be formed on the floating gate so that the floating gate is between the dielectric layer and the fin, and a control gate electrode may be formed on the dielectric layer so that the dielectric layer is between the control gate and the fin. Related devices are also discussed.

Abstract: A method of forming a non-volatile memory device may include forming a fin protruding from a substrate, forming a tunnel insulating layer on portions of the fin, and forming a floating gate on the tunnel insulting layer so that the tunnel insulating layer is between the floating gate and the fin. A dielectric layer may be formed on the floating gate so that the floating gate is between the dielectric layer and the fin, and a control gate electrode may be formed on the dielectric layer so that the dielectric layer is between the control gate and the fin. Related devices are also discussed.

Abstract: Provided are methods for fabricating semiconductor devices incorporating a fin-FET structure that provides body-bias control, exhibits some characteristic advantages associated with SOI structures, provides increased operating current and/or reduced contact resistance. The methods for fabricating semiconductor devices include forming insulating spacers on the sidewalls of a protruding portion of a first insulation film; forming a second trench by removing exposed regions of the semiconductor substrate using the insulating spacers as an etch mask, and thus forming fins in contact with and supported by the first insulation film. After forming the fins, a third insulation film is formed to fill the second trench and support the fins. A portion of the first insulation film is then removed to open a space between the fins in which additional structures including gate dielectrics, gate electrodes and additional contact, insulating and storage node structures may be formed.