Abstract: A liquid crystal device comprises two electrode plates and a liquid crystal such as a ferro-electric smectic liquid crystal disposed between the electrode plates. At least one electrode plate is provided with a uniaxial orientation treatment. At least one electrode plate comprises a substrate and transparent stripe electrodes and metal electrodes each disposed along the length of and electrically connected with a transparent stripe electrode formed on a substrate. Each metal electrode is disposed along and forms a protrusion sticking out of at least one longitudinal edge of a transparent stripe electrode.

Abstract: A process for preparing a liquid crystal cell by irradiating on a transparent electrode a laser beam having a broader area than an outer shape of a conductive matter about the conductive matter, wherein the conductive matter is located between said two substrates having an alignment control film subjected to monoaxial alignment treatment.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a pair of substrates with a orientation controlling film being provided on at least one of the substrates through a base layer, and a ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal which is disposed between the substrates. The orientation controlling film has a uniaxial orientation processing axis. The ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal generates two different stable orientation states at high and low temperatures regions within the temperature range achieving the ferroelectric smectic phase. The ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal is in one of the two stable orientation states which is generated at the low temperature region when the liquid crystal in the other stable orientation state generated at the high temperature region cools. Where d is the thickness of the orientation controlling film and S is the average surface roughness of the base layer, d and S have the relation expressed by0.ltoreq.S/d<0.70.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing copolymer comprising(a) 40 to 90% by weight of repeating units derived from a polymerizable compound having a C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 perfluoroalkyl group,(b) 5 to 50% by weight of repeating units derived from at least one unsaturated ester selected from the group consisting of stearyl acrylate and stearyl methacrylate,(c) 5 to 50% by weight of repeating units derived from at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of alkyl acrylate or methacrylate having 2 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, cyclohexylacrylate and cyclohexylmethacrylate, which is useful as an active component of a water- and oil-repellent.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device comprises two electrode plates and a liquid crystal such as a ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal disposed between the electrode plates. At least one electrode plate is provided with a uniaxial orientation treatment. At least one electrode plate comprises a substrate and transparent stripe electrodes and metal electrodes each disposed along the length of and electrically connected with a transparent stripe electrode formed on a substrate. Each metal electrode is disposed along and forms a protrusion sticking out of at least one longitudinal edge of a transparent stripe electrode.

Abstract: A method of disconnecting a short-circuited part between upper and lower electrodes is provided which comprises the steps of;(a) forming a cell by placing one upon another a first substrate provided with a common electrode and a second substrate provided with opposed electrodes in the manner that said common electrode and said opposed electrode may form a plurality of mutually opposed portions;(b) detecting, among the plurality of mutually opposed portions, a mutually opposed portion at which a short circuit has occurred; and(c) disconnecting by insulation a short-circuited site present at the mutually opposed portion from the common electrode or opposed electrode.

Abstract: A device plate is provided which comprises a transparent conductive film comprised of indium oxide, and laminated thereon a metallic conductive film comprised of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, titanium, chromium, tantalum, tungsten and nickel.

Abstract: A copolymer comprising 50 to 90% by weight of the constituting unit derived from (a) a polymerizable compound having a perfluoroalkyl group of 4 to 20 carbon atoms, 10 to 50% by weight of the constituting unit derived from (b) cyclohexyl or benzyl ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and 0.1 to 10% by weight of the constituting unit derived from (c) at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol diacrylate of the formulaCH.sub.2 .dbd.CRCOO(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O)rCOCR.dbd.CH.sub.2wherein R is hydrogen atom or methyl, r is an integer of 1 to 50, and N-methylolacrylamide. The copolymer is useful as an oil and water repellent composition.