Abstract: A liquid crystal apparatus comprises: a liquid crystal device including a liquid crystal having a spontaneous polarization and causing a state change accompanied with a polarity inversion thereof within a response time. Drive means sequentially selects scanning signal lines each in a scanning selection period and applies data signal voltages to the pixels along an associated scanning signal line, wherein the scanning selection period for a scanning signal line is shorter than the response time for the liquid crystal at a pixel on the scanning signal line thus being liable to leave a remaining portion of polarity inversion to reach a desired state change, and the data signal voltage applied to the pixel is set to include a compensation voltage for compensating for a voltage decrease caused by the remaining portion of polarity inversion.

Abstract: A zoom lens system includes a negative first lens group, a positive second lens group, and a negative third lens group. Zooming is performed by moving the first through third lens groups in the optical axis direction.

Abstract: A zoom lens system including a negative first lens group, a positive second lens group, and a negative third lens group. zooming is performed by moving the first through third lens. The negative first lens group includes positive-negative cemented lens elements, and the most object-side surface thereof is a concave surface. The zoom lens system satisfies: −1<r1/fW<0 . . . (1); 1.4<f1G/f1N<1.8 . . . (2); wherein r1: the radius of curvature of the most object-side surface of the first lens group; fW: the focal length of the entire zoom lens system at the short focal length extremity; f1G: the focal length of the first lens group; and f1N: the focal length of the lens element of the cemented lens elements.

Abstract: A zoom lens system which includes a positive first lens group, a positive second lens group, and a negative third lens group, in this order from the object, and in which each of the three lens groups is independently moved, along the optical axis, upon zooming so that the distances therebetween become shorter; and the zoom lens system satisfies the following condition: 0.03<(d12W−d12T)/fW<0.15  (1) wherein d12W designates the distance between the most image-side surface of the first lens group and the most object-side surface of the second lens group, at the short focal length extremity; d12T designates the distance between the most image-side surface of the first lens group and the most object-side surface of the second lens group, at the long focal length extremity; and fW designates the focal length of the entire zoom lens system at the short focal length extremity.

Abstract: In a short-focal-length side zooming range, a moveable sub-lens group of a zoom lens system is made stationary at one of the object-side and the image-side end. At the intermediate switching focal length, the moveable sub-lens group is moved to the other of the object-side and the image-side end.

Abstract: A zoom lens system includes a first lens group, a second lens group, and a third lens group, in this order from the object. Zooming is performed by moving the first through third lens groups. The zoom lens system satisfies the following conditions: 0.62<(dT12−dW12)/fW<1.0  (1) 4<fT/f12T<6  (2) 5<fT/|f3G|<8  (3) wherein dT12 designates the distance between the first and the second lens groups at the long focal length extremity; dW12 designates the distance between the first and the second lens groups at the short focal length extremity; fW designates the focal length of the entire zoom lens system at the short focal length extremity; fT designates the focal length of the entire zoom lens system at the long focal length extremity; f12T designates the combined focal length of the first lens group and the second lens group at the long focal length extremity; and f3G designates the focal length of the negative third lens group.

Abstract: A zoom lens system includes a positive first lens group and a negative second lens group. In a short-focal-length side zooming, the first and second lens groups are moved towards the object, while the moveable sub-lens group is stationary at the object-side end. At the intermediate switching focal length, the moveable sub-lens group is moved to the image-side end, and the first and second lens groups are moved towards the image plane. In a long-focal-length side zooming range, the first and second lens groups are moved towards the object, while the moveable sub-lens group is stationary at the image-side end. Moreover, the zoom lens system satisfies 0.3<logZi/logZ<0.8 . . . (1); wherein Zi=fm/fw; Z=ft/fw; fw designates the focal length at the short focal length extremity; ft designates the focal length at the long focal length extremity; and fm designates the intermediate switching focal length.

Abstract: A zoom lens system including a first through third lens groups. The combined power of the first and second lens groups is positive. Upon zooming from the short focal length extremity towards the long focal length extremity, all the three lens groups are moved from the image towards the object. The zoom lens system satisfies the following conditions: 0.01<(d12W−d12T)/fW<0.1  (1); 3.5<fT/f12W<6.0  (2); 4.0<fT/|f3G|<8.

Abstract: A vacuum envelope of a cathode-ray tube includes a panel and a funnel section opposed to the panel. The funnel section has two funnels each having a cone section. Each of the funnels is formed by cutting one side portion of a base funnel which is formed by pressing. The two funnels are joined together at sections thereof so as to form the funnel section and also joined to the panel into the vacuum envelope. A neck containing an electron gun is joined to each of the cone sections. A phosphor screen formed on the inner surface has two scanning regions which are divided scanned by electron beams emitted from the electron guns.

Abstract: A zoom lens system includes a plurality of lens groups being relatively moveable in order to vary the focal length, and at least one lens group is arranged to be a switching lens group which includes two or more sub-lens groups, and in which one sub-lens group is made moveable, along the optical axis, with respect to the other sub-lens group. In the first focal-length range of the zooming range of the zoom lens system, the moveable sub-lens group and the other sub-lens group maintain the first distance; and in the second focal-length range which covers the first focal-length range and a range different therefrom, the moveable sub-lens group and the other sub-lens group maintain the second distance which is different from the first one.

Abstract: A zoom lens system including a negative first lens group, a positive second lens group, and a negative third lens group, in this order from the object, and thereby zooming is performed by moving the first through third lens groups along the optical axis. The zoom lens system satisfies the following condition: 0.05<d12W/fW<0.35  (1) wherein d12W designates the distance between the first lens group and the second lens group at the short focal length extremity; and fW designates the focal length of the entire lens system at the short focal length extremity.

Abstract: An electron source includes a substrate, a coating layer provided on the substrate, plural electron emission elements disposed on the coating layer, and a metal for connecting the plural electron emission elements. The electron emission element includes a conductive film including the electron emission part disposed on the coating layer, with the conductive film being connected to a wiring line with a conductive member for blocking the metals contained in the wiring lines from being transferred to the conductive film.

Abstract: A zoom lens system includes a negative first lens group, a positive second lens group, and a negative third lens group.

Abstract: A zoom lens system includes a positive first lens group, a positive second lens group, and a negative third lens group. Upon zooming from the short toward the long focal length extremities, the three lens groups are moved independently along the optical axis so that the distance between the first and second lens groups increases, and the distance between the second and third lens groups decreases. The first lens group and the second lens group which are independently moved upon zooming are integrally moved upon focusing.

Abstract: A two-lens-group zoom lens system includes a positive first lens group and a negative second lens group in this order from the object, and zooming is performed by varying the distance between the first and the second lens groups. The positive first lens group includes a negative first lens element, a plastic-made second lens element having at least one aspherical surface, and a positive third lens element in this order from the object.

Abstract: A precursor to an electron source, having a capability for extending the life of an image display device by substantially preventing 1) a degradation in a degree of vacuum provided in an image display apparatus, 2) short-circuiting between adjacent wire electrodes via a getter, and 3) a degradation in performance characteristics of the electron source, even when used for a long time period. The electron source is for coupling to an image display member to form an image display apparatus, and the image display member is for displaying an image in response to being irradiated by electrons. The precursor preferably comprises a substrate, and an antistatic film provided on a surface of the substrate at a region where electron emitting devices are to be disposed on the precursor to form the electron source, but not on a region of that surface to be coupled to the image display member.

Abstract: A zoom lens system including a negative first lens group, a positive second lens group, and a negative third lens group, in this order from the object, and thereby upon zooming, the three lens groups independently move along the optical axis. On the other hand, upon focusing, the first and second lens groups, which move independently upon zooming, move integrally along the optical axis.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device of the active matrix-type having two-dimensionally arranged pixels along rows and columns is driven frame by frame. In each frame operation, a scanning selection period (TG) for each selected row is divided into a first period (t1) and a second period (t2). In t1 of a current frame (TF2), a reset pulse is applied to a pixel concerned, and the reset pulse is set to have an absolute value of voltage identical to and a polarity opposite to those of a writing pulse voltage applied to the pixel in the previous frame (TF1). Then, in t2 of the current frame (TF2), the pixel is supplied with a writing pulse depending on a prescribed display state of the pixel for the current frame. As a result, the reset period is shortened to favor a high-speed display and a higher resolution display.

Abstract: A matrix-type liquid crystal device is formed so as to have a matrix of pixels defined by and isolated from each other by an outside-pixel region. The liquid crystal in the outside-pixel region in placed in an alignment state, typically a homeotropic state or one close thereto, which is different from an alignment state, typically a homogeneous uniform alignment state, at the pixel region. As a result, the liquid crystal device is provided with improved display qualities due to suppression of irregularities at the outside-pixel region and/or a local pressure distribution.

Abstract: A zoom lens system includes a positive first lens group and a negative second lens group. In a short-focal-length side zooming, the first and second lens groups are moved towards the object, while the moveable sub-lens group is stationary at the object-side end. At the intermediate switching focal length, the moveable sub-lens group is moved to the image-side end, and the first and second lens groups are moved towards the image plane. In a long-focal-length side zooming range, the first and second lens groups are moved towards the object, while the moveable sub-lens group is stationary at the image-side end. Moreover, the zoom lens system satisfies 0.3<logZi/logZ<0.8 . . . (1); wherein Zi=fm/fw; Z=ft/fw; fw designates the focal length at the short focal length extremity; ft designates the focal length at the long focal length extremity; and fin designates the intermediate switching focal length.