Abstract: An optical modulation device is constituted by a first substrate provided with a plurality of first electrodes each comprising a plurality of portions electrically independent of each other, a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate and provided with a plurality of second electrodes each confronting a corresponding first electrode, and an optical modulation substance disposed between the first and second substrates so as to form a plurality of pixels each having a particular electrode structure. In the electrode structure, the optical modulation substance is sandwiched between each second electrode and said portions of said corresponding first electrode so as to form a series circuit providing a plurality of capacitance, thus reducing the capacitance for each pixel to improve a switching characteristic while minimizing a defective portion due to a short-circuit between the confronting electrodes.

Abstract: A zoom lens system which includes a positive first lens group and a negative second lens group, in this order from the object side; wherein zooming is performed by moving the first lens group and the second lens group, and by varying the distance between the first lens group and the second lens group; wherein the zoom lens system satisfies the following condition: −7.0<fT/f2G<−5.1 . . .   (1) wherein: fT designates the focal length of the entire lens system at the long focal-length extremity and f2G designates the focal length of the second lens group.

Abstract: A vacuum envelope includes a flat face plate having a phosphor screen formed on the inner surface of the face plate, and a flat rear plate opposed to the face plate with a side wall interposed therebetween. A plurality of funnels extend from the rear plate, and electron guns are respectively enclosed in the necks of the funnels. The rear plate and the plurality of funnels are integrally formed of one single plate glass and are joined to face plate through the side wall. A plurality of reference surfaces are formed on the inner surface of the rear plate, and ends of the plate support members are respectively fixed to the reference surfaces.

Abstract: A zoom lens system including a positive first lens group and a negative second lens group, in that order form the object. The positive first lens group includes, on the most-object side, a cemented sub lens group having a negative lens element and a positive lens element. The zoom lens system satisfies the following conditions, and the order of the lens elements in the cemented sub lens group is the negative lens element and positive lens element in this order from the object:-1.2<r1/fw<-0.3 (1)-2<fw/fc<-0.5 (2)8<.nu.N-.nu.P (3)Wherein r1 designates the radius-of-curvature of the most-object side surface of the cemented sub lens group; fw designates the focal length of the entire lens system at the short focal length extremity; fc designates the focal length of the cemented sub lens group; .nu.N designates the Abbe number of the negative lens element of the cemented sub lens group; and .nu.P designates the Abbe number of the positive lens element of the cemented sub lens group.

Abstract: A zoom lens system comprising at least three lens groups including a positive first lens group, a positive second lens group having at least one negative lens element, and a third lens group having a negative focal length, wherein upon zooming from the shortest focal length toward the longest focal length, all the lens groups are moved toward the object side, and the distance between the first and second lens groups increases and the distance between the second and third lens groups decreases, and wherein the system satisfies the conditions (1) -0.3<f.sub.W /f.sub.1G +f.sub.W /f.sub.2G +f.sub.W /f.sub.3G <0, and (2) 1.845<N.sub.2Gn, wherein f.sub.W designates the focal length of the entire optical system at the short focal length extremity, f.sub.1G designates the focal length of the first lens group (f.sub.1G >0), f.sub.2G designates the focal length of the second lens group (f.sub.2G >0), f.sub.3G designates the focal length of the third lens group (f.sub.3G <0), N.sub.

Abstract: A zoom lens system comprises a first lens group of positive power and a second lens group of negative power. The zoom lens system is arranged to perform a zooming operation by varying a distance between the first lens group and the second lens group. Furthermore, the first lens group comprises a front sub lens group of negative poser and a rear sub lens group of positive power. Still further, the front sub lens group comprises a first single lens element of negative power and a second single lens element having an aspherical surface on which the radius of curvature becomes larger in the off-axis region, and the rear sub lens group of the first lens group comprises a cemented lens having a positive lens element and a negative lens element. Moreover, the zoom lens system satisfies various conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for producing a color filter, which comprises the steps of:providing a glass base equipped with black matrices;etching the glass base using the black matrices as a mask to form pixel holes in the base; and thenapplying inks into the pixel holes to form colored pixels of different colors.

Abstract: A soil release agent for dry cleaning containing a copolymer having (A) a repeating unit derived from a polymerizable monomer having a fluorine atom; and (B) a repeating unit derived from a polymerizable monomer having a siloxane linkage and/or a polymerizable monomer (having no siloxane linkage) having a solubility parameter of 6 to 15 gives excellent soil release property using the dry cleaning.

Abstract: A stainproofing composition having water- and oil-repellency, containing a polymer emulsion prepared by dissolving at least one polyfluoroalkyl group-containing compound selected from the group consisting of a polyfluoroalkyl group-containing (meth)acrylate polymer, a polyfluoroalkyl group-containing polyester, a polyfluoroalkyl group-containing maleate and a polyfluoroalkyl group-containing fumarate in at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of a (meth)acrylate ester, a vinyl ester, a styrene compound and vinylidene chloride, vinyl chloride, emulsifying the resultant solution in water to prepare an oil-in-water emulsion, and polymerizing the emulsion exhibits excellent water- and oil-repellency and stainproof properties. It is also superior in sedimentation stability of the emulsion.

Abstract: Stainproofing properties are imparted to a cellulose fiber by 1) esterifying a part of hydroxyl groups of the cellulose fiber in a heterogeneous reaction system and 2) subjecting the partially esterified cellulose fiber to a stainproofing treatment with an aqueous solution or emulsion of a copolymer having repeating units derived from a fluroalkyl group-containing polymerizable compound and a compound represented by the general formula:CH.sub.2 .dbd.CR.sup.1 COO--(XO).sub.m --(YO).sub.n --R.sup.2( 1)wherein X is --CH(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2 -- or --CH.sub.2 --CH(CH.sub.3)--; Y is --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --; R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; and each of m and n is an integer of 0 to 50, provided that the total of m and n is an integer of 1 to 70.

Abstract: A super wide-angle zoom lens includes at least a negative first lens group and a positive second lens group, in this order from an object side. A zooming operation is carried out by relatively moving the lens groups. When a photographing area is defined by a rectangular area, a boundary of a circular image forming area formed by the zoom lens is at least partially disposed in the rectangular photographing area at the shortest focal length of the zoom lens.

Abstract: Disclosed is a stacked piezoelectric actuator displaceable by bending comprising a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic layers stacked on one surface of a core material, and a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic layers stacked on the other surface thereof, said piezoelectric ceramic layers stacked on both surfaces being successively increased in piezoelectric constant d.sub.31 inner layers to outer layers. The piezoelectric coefficient d.sub.31 is derived from the following equation (2): ##EQU1## wherein k is the electromechanical coupling coefficient, the length vibration of a rectangular plate is taken as k.sub.31, and the unit of the piezoelectric coefficient d.sub.31 is C/N (m/V). The piezoelectric coefficient d.sub.33 in the longitudinal vibration of a column determined by the following equation (3) is a value for the whole stacked layers, and in the present invention, it is necessary that the piezoelectric coefficient d.sub.

Abstract: (1) A perfluoroalkyl diester of maleic acid or fumaric acid,(2) a copolymer obtained by polymerizing the perfluoroalkyl ester, a lower alkyl (meth)acrylate and, if necessary, styrene, and(3) a stainproofing agent comprising the copolymergive excellent water repellency, oil repellency and stainproof properties which have never been heretofore obtained.

Abstract: A fast aspherical zoom lens system includes a positive first lens group, a negative second lens group, a negative third lens group, and a positive fourth lens group, arranged in this order from the object side. The lens system includes at least one aspherical surface. When the zooming operation is carried out, the second and third lens groups are moved. The aspherical surface is located at a position in which the following condition is satisfied:H.sub.ASP /H.sub.MAX <0.35,wherein H.sub.MAX represents the height of the paraxial ray furthest from the optical axis at the long focal length extremity for all the lens surfaces, and H.sub.ASP represents the height of the paraxial ray to the aspherical surface at the long focal length extremity.

Abstract: A zoom lens system of high zoom ratio includes a first positive lens group, a second negative lens group, a third negative lens group, and a fourth positive lens group, arranged in this order from the object side. The second and third lens groups are moved during zooming while the first and fourth lens groups are stationary during zooming. The lens system satisfies the condition 1<(D.sub.3w -D.sub.3T)/f.sub.w <6, where D.sub.3w represents the distance between the third lens group and the fourth lens group at the short focal length extremity, D.sub.3T represents the distance between the third lens group and the fourth lens group at the long focal length extremity, and f.sub.w represents the focal length of the entire zoom lens system at the short focal length extremity.

Abstract: In a cordless telephone set, a base unit which itself has no loudspeaker function is made to provide a loudspeaker function at low cost. The base unit 2 has a transmitting circuit 22 for transmitting an aural signal and data to the handset 1 and a receiving circuit 23 for receiving and extracting the aural signal and data transmitted from the handset 1. A line interface circuit 25 coupled to a telephone line 3, a loudspeaker 44, and a selector circuit 28 for switching connection of the aural signal line between the transmitting circuit 22, the receiving circuit 23, the interface circuit 25, and the loudspeaker 44 are provided. In normal use, the transmitting circuit 22 and the receiving circuit 23 of the base unit 2 are connected with the line interface circuit 25 via the selector circuit 28. When predetermined push buttons 17 on the handset 1 are operated, the base unit 2 controls the selector circuit 28 so that the telephone line 3 is connected to the loudspeaker 44 via the selector circuit 28.

Abstract: First, second, third, and fourth lens groups, from an object side, have positive, negative, negative, and positive power, respectively. Movable second and third lens groups vary magnification and perform focus compensating. The fixed fourth lens group has an image forming function, and includes, from the object side, positive first and second lens sub-groups. The zoom lens satisfies the following relationships:5.5<L.sub.W2-3 /f.sub.w <8.5,0.2<.vertline.m.sub.2W .vertline.<0.4(m.sub.2W <0),0.6<.vertline.m.sub.4 .vertline.<0.9(m.sub.4 <0), and0.5<m.sub.4b <0.9.L.sub.W2-3 represents a distance between the second and third lens groups, f.sub.w represents a focal length of the entire lens system, and m.sub.2W represents a lateral magnification of the second lens group, each at a shortest focal length. Further, m.sub.4 and m.sub.4b represent lateral magnifications of the fourth lens group and the second lens subgroup of the fourth lens group, respectively.

Abstract: A super wide-angle fast lens system includes a front lens group having a negative power, a diaphragm and a rear lens group having a positive power. The front lens group consists of a first sub-lens group having a negative power and a second sub-lens group having a negative power which is spaced from the first sub-lens group by a maximum distance. The lens system satisfies the following relationships:-0.5<f/f.sub.F <-0.2,-0.2<f/f.sub.1a <-0.07,3<d.sub.ab /f<7, and10<.SIGMA.d.sub.F+S /f<15,wherein "f" represents the focal length of the whole lens system, "f.sub.F " represents the focal length of the front lens group, "f.sub.1a " represents the focal length of the first sub-lens group, "d.sub.ab " represents the distance between the first sub-lens group and the second sub-lens group, and ".SIGMA.d.sub.F+S " represents the sum of the thickness of the front lens group and the distance between the front and rear lens groups.

Abstract: A zoom lens system having a high zoom ratio and a high aperture ratio includes a first lens group having a positive power, a second lens group having a negative power, a third lens group having a negative power, and a fourth lens group having a positive power. The second lens group has a magnification varying function and is moved during a zooming operation. The third lens group has a focus compensating function and is moved during the zooming operation. The fourth lens group has an image forming function and is not moved during the zooming operation.

Abstract: A large-sized liquid crystal panel uniformly filled with a liquid crystal material may be produced through a process including the steps of: fixing a pair of substrates with a sealing member disposed therebetween to form a blank panel having an injection port, reducing a pressure within the panel, applying a liquid crystal material onto the injection port, heating the liquid crystal material to its isotropic temperature, injecting the liquid crystal material into the panel under a pressure, and filling the panel with the liquid crystal material under heating and pressurization from the injection port toward the panel inside. The pressure within the panel before the injection is reduced at a rate not exceeding 25 torr/min. The pressure for injection is increased at varying rates, e.g., with an intermediate constant pressure period.