Abstract: A piezoelectric device includes IDT electrodes and solves various problems resulting from the IDT electrodes. The piezoelectric device has a configuration in which a piezoelectric thin-film and a support are bonded together such that the piezoelectric thin-film is supported by the support. IDT electrodes and interconnect electrodes are provided on a surface of the piezoelectric thin-film that is located on the support side. The piezoelectric thin-film includes a region in which the IDT electrodes are provided and on which no support is provided but an opening is formed. This allows the IDT electrodes and the piezoelectric thin-film and the IDT electrode-formed region of the piezoelectric thin-film to not be in contact with the support, thereby defining a membrane including only the piezoelectric thin-film and the IDT electrodes as elements, the piezoelectric thin-film and the IDT electrodes being disposed therein and being important for properties of the piezoelectric device.

Abstract: Provided herein are various bathers and methods of making and using them. In some embodiments, the barriers include a porous crystalline charge-transfer complex and a filler.

Abstract: Present invention provides an optical encoder capable of improving the precision of an interpolation angle in a single signal track, in an encoder of sine-wave angle interpolation type. The optical encoder includes a waveform, in which a phase-modulated wave is superimposed in a predetermined period over a sine-wave of a fundamental period, as a signal track (103), and an optical detector (104) for extracting the sine signal and the cosine signal of the phase-modulated wave. An operation unit (106) operates electric angles individually from the output signals of a first optical detector pair and a second optical detector pair belonging to the optical detector, and determines the sum and difference of the electric angles, thereby acquiring the electric angle and the phase-modulated wave of the fundamental period.

Abstract: Air purification systems comprising a plurality of disks, and methods for their use, are provided. Each of the plurality of disks comprises a metal substrate, an undercoat layer disposed on the metal substrate, a photosensitive layer disposed on the undercoat layer, and a charge transfer layer disposed on the photosensitive layer.

Abstract: An elastic wave device includes a piezoelectric thin film formed from a piezoelectric single crystal substrate by peeling, an inorganic layer formed on a rear surface of the piezoelectric thin film, an elastic layer disposed on a surface of the inorganic layer opposite to the piezoelectric thin film, and a support member adhered to a surface of the elastic layer opposite to the inorganic layer. The elastic layer reduces stress generated when the piezoelectric thin film provided with the inorganic layer and the support member are adhered to each other and has a predetermined elastic modulus. The inorganic layer is formed of a material having a higher elastic modulus than that of the elastic layer and prevents damping generated when the elastic layer is provided.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electronic component includes a first step of preparing a piezoelectric body with a flat surface, a second step of implanting ions into the piezoelectric body such that an ion-implanted layer is formed in the piezoelectric body, a third step of forming sacrificial layers on the flat surface of the piezoelectric body, a fourth step of forming an insulating body over the flat surface of the piezoelectric body and the sacrificial layers to form a piezoelectric structure, a fifth step of dividing the piezoelectric body at the ion-implanted layer to form a piezoelectric laminar structure in which a piezoelectric film separated from the piezoelectric body is bonded to the insulating body, a sixth step of forming electrodes on portions of a division surface of the piezoelectric film, and a seventh step of removing the sacrificial layers from the piezoelectric laminar structure.

Abstract: Air purification systems comprising a plurality of disks, and methods for their use, are provided. Each of the plurality of disks comprises a metal substrate, an undercoat layer disposed on the metal substrate, a photosensitive layer disposed on the undercoat layer, and a charge transfer layer disposed on the photosensitive layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are metal-reinforced composites that can exhibit improved corrosion resistance. In particular, the composites may include a polymer dispersed within a binding medium that can impede or inhibit the corrosive effects caused by certain salts. The composites, for example, can be prepared without departing from standard procedures for preparing the composite. Also disclosed herein are methods of making the composite, corrosion-resistant components of the composite, and methods of making the corrosion-resistant components.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes at least one engagement structure for fixing a bezel (10) to a chassis (40). The engagement structure includes a recessed portion (42) formed in a side surface (41) of the chassis and a pair of arms (50a, 50b) formed in a side wall (11) of the bezel. The pair of arms is each cantilevered and placed such that the fixed ends (51a, 51b) are positioned outward relative to the free ends (52a, 52b), respectively. The pair of arms can mutually support each other by being elastically deformed toward the chassis, and the free ends of the arms are at least partially fitted in the recessed portion of the chassis when the pair of arms is in the mutually supporting state, thus fixing the bezel to the chassis. Consequently, it is possible to reduce the width of the frame area and to automate the process of fixing the bezel.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electronic component includes a first step of preparing a piezoelectric body with a flat surface, a second step of implanting ions into the piezoelectric body such that an ion-implanted layer is formed in the piezoelectric body, a third step of forming sacrificial layers on the flat surface of the piezoelectric body, a fourth step of forming an insulating body over the flat surface of the piezoelectric body and the sacrificial layers to form a piezoelectric structure, a fifth step of dividing the piezoelectric body at the ion-implanted layer to form a piezoelectric laminar structure in which a piezoelectric film separated from the piezoelectric body is bonded to the insulating body, a sixth step of forming electrodes on portions of a division surface of the piezoelectric film, and a seventh step of removing the sacrificial layers from the piezoelectric laminar structure.

Abstract: Air purification systems comprising a plurality of disks, and methods for their use, are provided. Each of the plurality of disks comprises a metal substrate, an undercoat layer disposed on the metal substrate, a photosensitive layer disposed on the undercoat layer, and a charge transfer layer disposed on the photosensitive layer.

Abstract: A piezoelectric device includes a piezoelectric thin film formed by separating and forming a piezoelectric single crystal substrate, an inorganic layer formed on a back surface of the piezoelectric thin film, an elastic body layer disposed on a surface opposite to the piezoelectric thin film of the inorganic layer, and a support pasted to a surface opposite to the inorganic layer of the elastic body layer. In a membrane structure portion, the inorganic layer and the elastic body layer are disposed on the piezoelectric thin film through a gap layer. The elastic body layer reduces a stress caused by pasting the piezoelectric thin film including the inorganic layer and the support and has a certain elastic modulus. The inorganic layer is formed with a material having an elastic modulus higher than that of the elastic body layer and suppresses damping caused by disposing the elastic body layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are metal-reinforced composites that can exhibit improved corrosion resistance. In particular, the composites may include a polymer dispersed within a binding medium that can impede or inhibit the corrosive effects caused by certain salts. The composites, for example, can be prepared without departing from standard procedures for preparing the composite. Also disclosed herein are methods of making the composite, corrosion-resistant components of the composite, and methods of making the corrosion-resistant components.

Abstract: Air purification systems comprising a plurality of disks, and methods for their use, are provided. Each of the plurality of disks comprises a metal substrate, an undercoat layer disposed on the metal substrate, a photosensitive layer disposed on the undercoat layer, and a charge transfer layer disposed on the photosensitive layer.

Abstract: An elastic wave device includes a piezoelectric thin film formed from a piezoelectric single crystal substrate by peeling, an inorganic layer formed on a rear surface of the piezoelectric thin film, an elastic layer disposed on a surface of the inorganic layer opposite to the piezoelectric thin film, and a support member adhered to a surface of the elastic layer opposite to the inorganic layer. The elastic layer reduces stress generated when the piezoelectric thin film provided with the inorganic layer and the support member are adhered to each other and has a predetermined elastic modulus. The inorganic layer is formed of a material having a higher elastic modulus than that of the elastic layer and prevents damping generated when the elastic layer is provided.

Abstract: An ion implantation layer is formed in a piezoelectric single crystal substrate by implanting hydrogen ions. A lower electrode is formed on the surface of the piezoelectric single crystal substrate at a side at which the ion implantation layer is formed. A sacrificial layer is formed on the surface of the piezoelectric single crystal substrate at a side at which the ion implantation layer and the lower electrode are formed. The formation of the sacrificial layer is performed by direct formation thereof on the surface of the piezoelectric single crystal substrate, for example, by sputtering or coating. A support layer is formed on the piezoelectric single crystal substrate on which the sacrificial layer is formed, and after the surface of the support layer is planarized, a support base material is bonded thereto.

Abstract: A steel part having a long rolling contact fatigue life and capable of further increasing the life of a bearing under severer using condition than usual conditions. The steel part includes steel having a composition containing 0.7% by mass to 1.1% by mass of C, 0.5% by mass to 2.0% by mass of Si, 0.4% by mass to 2.5% by mass of Mn, 1.6% by mass to 5.0% by mass of Cr, 0.1% by mass to less than 0.5% by mass of Mo, 0.010% by mass to 0.050% by mass of Al, less than 0.0015% by mass of Sb as an impurity, and the balance composed of Fe and inevitable impurities, the steel being hardened and tempered. In the steel structure of a portion from the surface to a depth of 5 mm, residual cementite has a grain diameter of 0.05 to 1.5 ?m, prior austenite has a grain diameter of 30 ?m or less, and the ratio by volume of the residual austenite is less than 25%.

Abstract: A piezoelectric device is manufactured in which the material of a supporting substrate can be selected from various alternative materials. Ions are implanted into a piezoelectric substrate to form an ion-implanted portion. A temporary supporting substrate is formed on the ion-implanted surface of the piezoelectric substrate. The temporary supporting substrate includes a layer to be etched and a temporary substrate. The piezoelectric substrate is then heated to be divided at the ion-implanted portion to form a piezoelectric thin film. A supporting substrate is then formed on the piezoelectric thin film. The supporting substrate includes a dielectric film and a base substrate. The temporary supporting substrate is made of a material that produces a thermal stress at the interface between the temporary supporting substrate and the piezoelectric thin film less than the thermal stress at the interface between the supporting substrate and the piezoelectric thin film.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a composite substrate that prevents undesirable effects of etching a thin film includes a pattern forming step, an ion implanting step, a bonding step, and a separation step. In the pattern forming step, a pattern region and a reverse pattern region are formed on a principal surface of a functional material substrate. In the ion implanting step, by implanting ions into the functional material substrate, a separation layer is formed inside at a certain distance from the surface of each of the pattern region and the reverse pattern region. In the bonding step, the functional material substrate at the pattern region is bonded to a supporting substrate. In the separation step, the pattern region is separated from the functional material substrate, and the reverse pattern region is made to fall off.

Abstract: A piezoelectric device includes IDT electrodes and solves various problems resulting from the IDT electrodes. The piezoelectric device has a configuration in which a piezoelectric thin-film and a support are bonded together such that the piezoelectric thin-film is supported by the support. IDT electrodes and interconnect electrodes are provided on a surface of the piezoelectric thin-film that is located on the support side. The piezoelectric thin-film includes a region in which the IDT electrodes are provided and on which no support is provided but an opening is formed. This allows the IDT electrodes and the piezoelectric thin-film and the IDT electrode-formed region of the piezoelectric thin-film to not be in contact with the support, thereby defining a membrane including only the piezoelectric thin-film and the IDT electrodes as elements, the piezoelectric thin-film and the IDT electrodes being disposed therein and being important for properties of the piezoelectric device.