Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to enhance laser beam transmitting efficiency by accurately controlling an interval between a light emitting (light receiving) element (20) and an optical wave-guide substrate (1) without causing any fluctuation in the interval in a mounting structure of the light transmitting element in which the light emitting (light receiving) element (20) is mounted on the optical wave-guide substrate (1). When the light emitting (light receiving) element is joined to the sub-mount chip (4) and when the sub-mount chip (4) is joined to the optical wave-guide while the element is being directed to the substrate side, the sub-mount chip and the optical waveguide substrate are joined to each other by the solder bump (6). A post (5) is arranged for regulating an interval between the light emitting (light receiving) element and the optical wave-guide substrate.

Abstract: The developer of the present invention is used in a method where a water-soluble resin coating layer is applied on a resist pattern formed by the conventional method, and the coating layer is crosslinked by an acid supplied from the resist, and the uncrosslinked area in the coating layer is dissolved and removed with a developer to thicken the resist pattern. This developer comprises an aqueous solution containing at least one surfactant selected from an N-acylsarcosinate, an N-acyl-N-methylalaninate, an N-acyltaurinate, an N-acyl-N-methyltaurinate, a fatty acid alkylol amide, and a fatty acid alkylol amide polyoxyethylene adduct.

Abstract: A water-soluble resin composition comprising (1) a water-soluble resin, (2) a water-soluble crosslinking agent, (3) at least one of surface active agents selected from acetylene alcohols, acetylene glycols, polyethoxylates of acetylene alcohols and polyethoxylates of acetylene glycols, and (4) a solvent consisting of water or a mixture of water and a water-soluble solvent. This water-soluble resin composition is applied onto a resist pattern, then heated to crosslink by an acid supplied from the resist, followed by development to remove the non-crosslinked water-soluble resin coating layer. This water-soluble resin composition is excellent in coating characteristics on steps of resist patterns and in dimensional regulation upon fining of patterns so that resist patterns such as trench patterns and hole patterns can effectively be fined.

Abstract: A slenderized crimped animal fiber with a fixed slenderized form having a lowering rate of tensile strength for undyed spun yarn of no less than 10%, fiber contraction in boiling water of no more than 1%, an alkali solubility of no more than 22% by weight and a UB solubility of no more than 35% by weight, wherein the slenderized crimped animal fiber is prepared by being drawn by practically 1.20 to 1.60 times after an anisotropic swelling is given to the animal fiber consisting of bilateral structure using swelling plasticization with base.

Abstract: A silver alloy plating bath and a method of forming a silver alloy film by using the silver alloy plating bath and by performing displacement plating on surfaces of a more base metal than silver, the silver alloy plating bath including Ag ions and at least one or more metal ions of Pd ions, Pt ions, Au ions and Rh ions, a concentration of the Ag ions and the metal ion or ions being 0.001 to 0.01 mol/l, a mol ratio of the metal ion or ions to the Ag ions being 1:0.01 to 0.1.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus for reading indicia on the front and back surfaces of a document using two image sensors includes a document detection sensor to detect the document, a first image sensor for reading an image on one surface of the document, a second image sensor for reading an image on the other surface of the document, and a controller. The controller starts to read the image data from the first and second image sensors when prescribed amounts of time have passed after the document detection sensor detects the leading edge of the document, and stops the reading of the image data from the image sensors. The structure provides a lightweight and compact apparatus while reducing image noise caused by the mutual interferences of the light sources in reading the image data.

Abstract: A power source device includes a control circuit which controls switching elements in full-bridge arrangement so as, in decreasing an output to a load, to substantially equalize ON timing of one of two switching elements at diagonal position to the other of them with ON period of the one switching element shortened, that is, with ON duty ratio of the one switching element decreased. Switching operation of the elements in this event is not made to be in the hard switching operation, and a range in which the output to load can be controlled without increasing any stress or noise is thereby broadened, whereby it is enabled to minimize varying width of switching frequency and to attain a wide range control of the output to load without causing any one of the switching elements to be in the hard switching operation.

Abstract: A discharge lamp lighting device includes a rectifier, a first diode connected at the anode in forward direction to a positive polarity output terminal of the rectifier, a smoothing capacitor connected between the cathode of the first diode and a negative polarity output terminal of the rectifier, a second diode connected at the anode in forward direction to the cathod of the first diode, a pair of switching elements connected in series between the cathode of the second diode and the negative polarity output terminal of the rectifier, a first capacitor connected in parallel to one of the first diode and the rectifier, a second capacitor connected in parallel to the second diode, and a control circuit for controlling ON/OFF operation of these switching elements, and a transformer having a primary winding n11 connected between a junction point of the pair of switching elements and one of output terminals of the rectifier and a secondary winding connected to a load circuit including a discharge lamp, and their a

Abstract: An electronic ballast for discharge lamps comprises a main resonance circuit for applying a voltage necessary for operating of a discharge lamp having filaments to both ends of the discharge lamp and a filament resonance circuit for supplying a filament current to the filaments, wherein the main resonance circuit and filament resonance circuit have resonance circuits having different resonance characteristics in an output path leading to the discharge lamp and also change their outputs depending on an operating frequency of switching elements. Thereby a filament current and a voltage across the discharge lamp can be set at suitable one of respective operational modes of the discharge lamp according to an operational state of the discharge lamp.

Abstract: A heat sink structure of a module substrate includes a plurality of stripe-like bottom regions extending in a longitudinal direction and repeated in a lateral direction with a predetermined pitch, a plurality of stripe-like top regions extending in said longitudinal direction and repeated in the lateral direction with said predetermined pitch, such that the stripe-like bottom regions and the stripe-like top regions are repeated alternately in the lateral direction, wherein the stripe-like top regions and the stripe-like bottom regions have respective lateral edges that are connected with each other by cooling fins.

Abstract: A discharge lamp lighting device includes first voltage source of a high voltage capable of increasing lamp current, the voltage value of which being sequentially variable, and second voltage source of a low voltage capable of decreasing the lamp current, the voltage value of which being sequentially variable, lighting connection of the first and second voltages sources to a discharge lamp being alternately changed over for its stable lighting, whereby the stable lighting of the lamp can be made with any current limiting element minimized and a response to variation in outputs over a wide range as well as any radiant noise can be effectively improved.

Abstract: A power converter apparatus in which a switched capacitor circuit includes one or more sets of cells connected in series each having a capacitor as a voltage supply source and a bridge circuit for inverting the polarities of the capacitor, the switched capacitor circuit is connected to a load, there is provided a means for parallelly charging the capacitors of the cells with a D.C. voltage source, any number of the cell capacitors are connected in series with any polarity to control supply of an A.C. output to the load. Whereby the power converter apparatus using the switched capacitor circuit can supply A.C. power with less distortion to the load without increasing the withstand voltage of the switching elements and without any need for provision of large inductors or capacitors.

Abstract: A portable image scanner capable of selecting a manual document loading mode in which a cover member is united to a scanner body to feed a cut-sheet document through a document passage defined between the united scanner body and cover member for scanning the document, or a self-propelling mode in which the cover member is separated from the scanner body to move the independent scanner body on a thick document such as a book. The scanner body has a document sensor for detecting the cut-sheet document placed in the document passage in the manual document loading mode, and the thick document in the self-propelling mode to prevent the scanner body moving on the document from falling out of the edge of the thick document.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus in which a full-wave rectifier is connected to an A.C. power source, a load circuit as a parallel circuit of a smoothing capacitor connected in parallel to a load is connected to outputs of the full-wave rectifier through a switching element and a capacitor, and a control means for adjusting a voltage across the capacitor is provided in parallel to the capacitor to cause a sum of voltages across the capacitor and smoothing capacitor to be proportional to an input voltage and to cause a voltage corresponding to a difference between the input and output voltages to appear across the capacitor to apply a desired constant voltage to the load, whereby an envelope line of an input current becomes proportional to the input voltage under control of switching elements.

Abstract: A power converting system rendering an applied voltage to a load to be a continuous voltage waveform, wherein a plurality of capacitors are charged so that their terminal voltages will reach predertermined voltages mutually different, the respective capacitors are sequentially connected respectively through a switching element to a series circuit of an inductor and a load-use capacitor, the load-use capacitor is charged with a resonance current of the capacitor and inductor, and the applied voltage to the load-use capacitor is made to be a pulsating waveform by properly adjusting the terminal voltages upon charging of the respective capacitors as well as change-over timing of the respective switching elements.

Abstract: A power converter has two switched capacitor circuits each including at least a plurality of sets of capacitors and switching elements, first of which circuits is provided for supplying a DC power to a load while second of which accumulates a power in a period receiving a higher input voltage, and the first switched capacitor circuit being made to receive, in a period receiving a lower input voltage, a power supplied from a DC power source and also the power supplied from the second switched capacitor circuit for supplying to the load the DC power of a constant voltage, in which an input current collectively taken up by the two switched capacitor circuits is made similar in the waveform to the input voltage to eliminate any harmonics distortion of the current drawn from the source, for attaining the supply of the DC power of the constant voltage to the load, whereby the power converter is rendered not to require any large inductor to be capable of being minimized in size and restraining any noise radiation fr

Abstract: An image data transferring system interfaces an image processor and an image scanner by utilization of signal input and output ports of a common printer connector mounted on the image processor without using a specific dedicated interface to rationally transfer a multiple-bit image data signal from the image scanner. The image processor and said image scanner can share the signal input and output ports by classifying said ports into an output port block for feeding out a command signal from the image processor, an image data input port block for transferring the image data signal from the image scanner, and a control port block for issuing a control signal to be given to the image scanner. The effective transfer ports can be recognized by comparing a check signal to be given to the image scanner and its echo signal sent back from the image scanner.

Abstract: Shading correction is effected by partitioning a white standard surface into a plurality of scanning blocks having the same number of scanning lines, scanning the standard surface by block to determine block median values in a first processing stage, determining global median values from the block median values in a second processing stage, and subjecting objective image data read from a given original image to arithmetic such as proportioning calculation. With the two-stage processing, shading distortion caused due to nonuniformity in sensitivity of an image scanning system can be rationally and reliably corrected to a high degree with a simple processing circuit.

Abstract: An apparatus for operating discharge lamps includes first closed circuit for connecting a discharge lamp through first switching means to a pulsating power source, second closed circuit for connecting the lamp to the power source through a series circuit of second switching means which operates during OFF period of the first switching means and an energy-storing means, and an arrangement for controlling the both switching means. A pulsating source voltage is thereby applied to the discharge lamp. The apparatus is made thus capable at least of minimizing current-limiting impedance and realizing a continuously stabilized discharge of the lamp.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus furnished with an overhead projector has an image projecting function and an image-forming function. The image processing apparatus is designed to detect the movement of an original support table or a reflection-type focusing plate during projecting of an original. The result is that the original support table is free from being heated by the focusing plate and also that the focusing plate is free from any deviation of its axis of light, thus preventing the reflected light from striking on the eyes of the operator.