Abstract: To provide nanotweezers and a nanomanipulator which allow great miniaturization of the component and are capable of gripping various types of nano-substances such as insulators, semiconductors and conductors and of gripping nano-substances of various shapes. Electrostatic nanotweezers 2 are characterized in that the nanotweezers 2 are comprised of a plurality of nanotubes whose base end portions are fastened to a holder 6 so that the nanotubes protrude from the holder 6, coating films which insulate and cover the surfaces of the nanotubes, and lead wires 10, 10 which are connected to two of the nanotubes 8, 9; and the tip ends of the two nanotubes are freely opened and closed by means of an electrostatic attractive force generated by applying a voltage across these lead wires.

Abstract: A four-terminal measuring device, which uses nanotube terminals and measures low resistance values and low impedance values of extremely small objects under test with good precision, including two current terminals which cause a constant current to flow from a constant-current power supply to an object under test and two voltage terminals which measure the voltage across both ends of the object under test; and in this four-terminal measuring device, a nanotube terminal is formed by fastening the base end portion of a nanotube to a holder so that the tip end portion of the nanotube protrudes from the holder, and such a nanotube terminal is connected to desired terminals among the four terminals.

Abstract: A negative electrode plate includes a conductive support and a first, a second and a third layer laminated on a surface of the support in this order from the support side. The first layer contains a hydrogen storage alloy powder and a first powder essentially made of a carbonaceous material. The second layer contains a hydrogen storage alloy powder, the first powder and a second powder having conductivity. The third layer contains the second powder as a main component.

Abstract: To provide nanotweezers and a nanomanipulator which allow great miniaturization of the component and are capable of gripping various types of nano-substances such as insulators, semiconductors and conductors and of gripping nano-substances of various shapes.

Abstract: To provide nanotweezers and a nanomanipulator which allow great miniaturization of the component and are capable of gripping various types of nano-substances such as insulators, semiconductors and conductors and of gripping nano-substances of various shapes.

Abstract: A carbocyclic or heterocyclic compound, ammonia and an oxygen-containing gas are subjected to fluid catalytic reaction in vapor phase in the presence of a catalyst containing alkali metal to produce an aromatic or heterocyclic nitrile. The use of the catalyst containing a specific amount of alkali metal enables the stable production of the aromatic or heterocyclic nitrile in high yields with little change with time even when water is present in the reaction system. The use of the catalyst containing the alkali metal also enables the recycle and reuse of unreacted ammonia which is usually accompanied by water, thereby reducing production costs.

Abstract: The present invention realizes a probe for a scanning type microscope by which the quality of a nanotube probe needle can be improved by means of fastening and cutting the nanotube probe needle, furthermore by means of implanting ions of another element. For the object, a probe for a scanning type microscope produced by a focusing ion beam related to the present invention is characterized in that, in a probe for a scanning type microscope which captures substance information of the surface of a specimen by the tip end 14a of a nanotube probe needle 12 fastened to a cantilever 4, an organic gas G is decomposed by a focused ion beam I in a focused ion beam apparatus 2, and the nanotube 12 is bonded to the cantilever 4 with a deposit of the decomposed component thus produced.

Abstract: A probe for vertical scanning microscope in which the forward end of a nanotube, serving as a probe, abuts against the sample surface substantially perpendicularly thereto and detects the surface information of the sample with high sensitivity.

Abstract: The present invention realizes a conductive probe for a scanning type microscope, to which a voltage can be applied or a current can flow.

Abstract: To provide nanotweezers and a nanomanipulator which allow great miniaturization of the component and are capable of gripping various types of nano-substances such as insulators, semiconductors and conductors and of gripping nano-substances of various shapes.

Abstract: A carbocyclic or heterocyclic compound, ammonia and an oxygen-containing gas are subjected to fluid catalytic reaction in vapor phase in the presence of a catalyst containing alkali metal to produce an aromatic or heterocyclic nitrile. The use of the catalyst containing a specific amount of alkali metal enables the stable production of the aromatic or heterocyclic nitrile in high yields with little change with time even when water is present in the reaction system. The use of the catalyst containing the alkali metal also enables the recycle and reuse of unreacted ammonia which is usually accompanied by water, thereby reducing production costs.

Abstract: A carbocyclic or heterocyclic compound, ammonia and an oxygen-containing gas are subjected to fluid catalytic reaction in vapor phase in the presence of a catalyst containing alkali metal to produce an aromatic or heterocyclic nitrile. The use of the catalyst containing a specific amount of alkali metal enables the stable production of the aromatic or heterocyclic nitrile in high yields with little change with time even when water is present in the reaction system. The use of the catalyst containing the alkali metal also enables the recycle and reuse of unreacted ammonia which is usually accompanied by water, thereby reducing production costs.

Abstract: A four-terminal measuring device, which uses nanotube terminals and measures low resistance values and low impedance values of extremely small objects of measurement with good precision, comprising two current terminals which cause a constant current to flow from a constant-current power supply to an object of measurement and two voltage terminals which measure the voltage across both ends of the object of measurement; and in this four-terminal measuring device, a nanotube terminal is formed by fastening the base end portion of a nanotube to a holder so that the tip end portion of the nanotube protrudes from the holder, and such a nanotube terminal is connected to desired terminals among the four terminals.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for detecting foreign particle and defect on an object in detection by means of a laser beam, in which the laser beams of different wavelengths are irradiated onto the surface of the object in detection from different angles and the state of foreign particle and defect is separately detected according to the output level of the scattered light reflected from that surface. Further, it is arranged such that the scattered light reflected from the object onto which the laser beam is irradiated from the sole source or the plurality of sources is detected in plural directions, which detecting result is compared for the detection of the directivity of said scattered light in reflection.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing a nitrile compounds by ammoxidation of a carbocyclic or heterocyclic compound having organic substituent(s) by reacting the compound with ammonia and an oxygen-containing gas, wherein unreacted ammonia is recovered from the reaction product gas and recycled to the reaction system.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing a nitrile compounds by ammoxidation of a carbocyclic or heterocyclic compound having organic substituent(s) by reacting the compound with ammonia and an oxygen-containing gas, wherein unreacted ammonia is recovered from the reaction product gas and recycled to the reaction system. In the first process of the present invention, the ammoxidation is conducted by vapor-phase catalytic reaction in the presence of a fluid catalyst containing at least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide and iron oxide while controlling a water concentration of a gas fed to a reactor to 12% by volume or lower by adjusting a water content of the recovered ammonia by distillation, thereby avoiding deterioration in activity of the catalyst due to recycle of the recovered ammonia. As a result, it is possible to stably obtain the aimed product at a high yield for a long period of time.

Abstract: Isobutylene glycol is produced with a high yield by catalytically reducing methyl hydroxyisobutyrate in the presence of a catalyst containing at least one of copper and ruthenium. The reduction of methyl hydroxyisobutyrate in the presence of the specific catalyst involves selective reduction of only ester group.

Abstract: There are disclosed a process for producing a nitrile compound which comprises catalytically reacting an alkyl group-substituted aromatic compound or an alkyl group-substituted heterocyclic compound with a mixed gas containing ammonia and oxygen in the presence of 1 a catalyst comprising a vanadium oxide, a chromium oxide, a boron oxide, a molybdenum oxide, and an oxide of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal or 2 a catalyst comprising a vanadium oxide, a chromium oxide, a boron oxide, an alkali metal oxide, and a heteropolyacid. According to the above process and by virtue of the specific catalyst, it is made possible to produce a nitrile compound having an aromatic ring or a heterocyclic ring in an extremely advantageous manner, that is, in high yield at high selectivity to the objective product.

Abstract: Provided a process for producing higher content of trans 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane which is used as the raw material for producing polyamides or polyurethanes having physically and chemically excellent properties from 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane which is generally produced by hydrogenation of p-xylylenediamine.That is, a mixture of cis and trans 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane is isomerized by heating at 120 to 250.degree. C. in the presence of a platinum group catalyst to change to trans isomer. 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane containing more than 80% trans isomer is produced by combining this isomerization technique and crystallization technique.

Abstract: A wafer surface inspection method and device including a low angle light receiving system having an elevation angle less than 30.degree. with reference to the wafer surface, and a high angle light receiving system having an elevation angle equal to or larger than 30.degree., scans the wafer with a laser beam, receives scattered light to perform extraneous substance detection in response to the scanning, and detects wafer defects only by the high angle light receiving system, and sticking extraneous substances by either the low angle receiving system or by both the low angle light receiving system and the high angle light receiving system.