Abstract: A turbocharger control apparatus has an exhaust turbine including an exhaust gas introducing port having a variable nozzle which can vary a passage area of the port by adjusting its opening degree, an engine load detection device which detects a load of an internal combustion engine, an idling state detection device which detects an idling state of the engine, and a control device which adjusts the opening degree of the nozzle in a region equal to or greater than a predetermined opening degree when the load detection device detects the engine load, and which adjusts the opening degree of the nozzle in a region smaller than the predetermined opening degree when the load detection device detects the non-engine load and detects that the internal engine is in the idling state.

Abstract: An auxiliary brake system includes a turbocharger, including an exhaust turbine driven by exhaust gas supplied from an internal combustion engine, nozzle vanes disposed therearound at intervals for a vane-opening-degree adjustment, and an actuator for adjusting the vane opening degree; a compression-releasing engine brake unit for generating an engine brake force by discharging suction air compressed in a combustion chamber of the engine at the timing in the vicinity of compression top dead center; and an electronic control unit. This control unit actuates the engine brake unit when the engine is in a fuel-cut region, and rotates the nozzle vanes through an actuator so that the opening degree of each nozzle vane is smaller than that attained when the engine brake unit is disabled and meets an engine rotation speed.

Abstract: Smooth interlocking operation of an optical zooming device and an electronic zooming device are realized by storing an amount of mechanical play of the optical zooming device in a play memory and then calculating the amount of mechanical play of the optical zooming from both the stored amount of mechanical play and lens drive control information to change the interlocking operation starting point of the optical zooming device and the electronic zooming device.

Abstract: In an engine-brake assisting system comprising a hydraulic pressure producing unit, an exhaust valve driving unit and a hydraulic circuit member which are constructed as discrete elements, the hydraulic pressure producing unit produces a desired hydraulic pressure by rotating a camshaft disposed on a cylinder head to drive an engine-brake assisting cam. The generated hydraulic pressure is then supplied to an exhaust cam of the exhaust valve driving unit, which causes exhaust valves to open and close at a timing different from a valve opening and closing timing during a normal operation, thereby giving the engine a large brake force. With this arrangement, the reduction of overall size of the system and consequent reduction of overall height of an engine can be achieved.

Abstract: An automatic tilt angle compensator, which comprises a sealed container for sealing at least two types of liquids to form a free interface, a light projecting system arranged to project a light beam through the free interface, an entry window for allowing the light beam to enter, reflecting means for reflecting the light beam after passing through the free interface, and an exit window for irradiating the light beam from said sealed container, wherein said entry window, said reflecting means and said exit window are always in contact with said liquid, and when the system is laid down by 90 degrees, the free interface is rotated by 90 degrees, and the light beam passing through the free interface is irradiated through the exit window in the same manner as before the rotation by 90 degrees.

Abstract: A multi-functional timepiece comprises a base, a wheel train mounted on the base for rotation, a cam member rotationally driven by the wheel train about a rotational center, and a rotary member mounted to undergo angular displacement in opposite directions. A display member is integrally connected to the rotary member for angular displacement therewith to display time or date information. An interconnecting member interconnects the cam member to the rotary member such that rotational motion of the cam member effects angular displacement of the rotary member in the opposite directions.

Abstract: A silicon nitride circuit board comprises a silicon nitride substrate having oxide layers at surfaces thereof, and copper system circuit plates directly bonded to the silicon nitride substrate thorough the oxide layer by the use of the DBC (copper directly bonding) method. The oxide layer disposed on the surface of the silicon nitride substrate consists essentially of an aluminum oxide layer. This aluminum oxide layer is formed by the process of coating/calcinating a super fine grain alumina sol. The aluminum oxide layer is dense and stable compared with an Si--O system oxide layer which is formed on the silicon nitride substrate by the use of the thermal oxidization method. In particular, the aluminum oxide layer formed by the process of coating/calcinating the super fine grain alumina sol is superior in interface bonding ability with the silicon nitride substrate.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser diode apparatus has a substrate of a first conduction type, a first clad layer of the first conduction type which is formed on the substrate, a current block layer which is formed on the first clad layer, a V groove stripe which is formed in a vertical direction so that a tip of the V groove can arrive at the first clad layer in depth, an active layer which is formed on the first clad layer and the current block layer along the V groove stripe without a low resistance layer, a second clad layer of a second conduction type which is formed on the active layer, a contact layer of the second conduction type which is formed on the second clad layer, a first electrode which is formed on a surface of the substrate which is reverse side of a surface on which the first clad layer is formed and a second electrode which is formed oil a surface of the contact layer. Therefore a low threshold current level can be achieved.

Abstract: The invention provides a lens bearer for bearing thereon a lens to be checked for an optical performance thereof. The lens bearer has a lens bearer body for bearing the lens thereon, and a covering member for being removably fitted on a lens-bearing portion of the lens bearer body, for placing the lens thereon. The covering member is made of a material which is softer than the lens bearer body. This makes it possible to replace the covering member alone when the lens bearer is used many times, thereby preventing deformation of a portion of the lens bearer which is brought into contact with lenses, and protecting the surface of the lens from being damaged.

Abstract: A light emitting diode chip includes a substrate carrying thereon a number of light emitting diodes aligned in a row to form an array for producing a number of optical beams parallel to each other in a first direction, and monitoring element provided monolithically on the substrate for detecting the power of the optical beams produced by the light emitting diodes, wherein the monitoring element includes: a reference light emitting diode having a structure identical to the light emitting diodes in the array for producing an optical beam in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction; and a photodiode having a structure identical to the light emitting diodes in the array and separated from the reference light emitting diode by an isolation groove for detecting the optical beam produced by the reference light emitting diode.

Abstract: A semiconductor light emitting device of an edge emitting type in the present invention has an active layer surface parallel to a reference plane and has a light emitting surface formed by etching until below the active layer surface in a direction perpendicular to the reference plane. An upper surface of a substrate in front of the light emitting surface is inclined in a direction separated from the active layer surface as this upper surface advances forward from the light emitting surface. An angle formed between the reference plane and the upper surface of the substrate in front of the light emitting surface is greater than a half beam angle at half-power points of a far-field emission pattern in a vertical direction. In this construction, no light component within the full beam angle at half-power points of the far-field emission pattern as a large part of light emitted from the light emitting surface is reflected on the upper surface of the substrate in front of the light emitting surface.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser diode apparatus has a substrate of a first conduction type, a first clad layer of the first conduction type which is formed on the substrate, a current block layer which is formed on the first clad layer, a V groove stripe which is formed in a vertical direction so that a tip of the V groove can arrive at the first clad layer in depth, an active layer which is formed on the first clad layer and the current block layer along the V groove stripe without a low resistrance layer, a second clad layer of a second conduction type which is formed on the active layer, a contact layer of the second conduction type which is formed on the second clad layer, a first electrode which is formed on a surface of the substrate which is reverse side of a surface on which the first clad layer is formed and a second electrode which is formed on a surface of the contact layer. Therefore a low threshold current level can be achieved.

Abstract: A display apparatus has two plates and an intermediate member disposed between the two plates. The two plates are bonded by way of the intermediate member. A liquid is sealed in a gap or space defined by the plates and the intermediate member. The two plates are bonded by means of a soluble fluorocarbon resin or fluorine-containing resin.

Abstract: A scanning optical apparatus has a source (1) of light for producing a light beam as a light flux (5) in a given direction, a polariscope (2) for polarizing the light flux (5) of the light beam in another given direction, a member or medium which is scanned by the light flux (5) of the light beam while the light flux (5) of the light beam is polarized by the polariscope (2), and a plastic lens (3) placed between the polariscope (2) and the scanned member or medium (4) for forming an image spot on the scanned member or medium (4). The plastic lens (3) has two kinds of surfaces, one of which is a polarization surface or optical surface through which the light flux (5) of the light beam passes, and the other of which is a non-polarization surface or non-optical surface through which the light flux (5) of the light beam does not pass. All of the surfaces of the plastic lens (3) have dampproofing characteristics.

Abstract: A hybrid integrated circuit device includes a circuit board having at least two electrical conductors; a chip resistor bridgingly disposed across two of the electrical conductors of the circuit board; and solder electrically connecting the chip resistor to the two electrical conductors. The chip resistor has an electrically insulating substrate, two electrodes disposed on the electrically insulating substrate, separated from each other, and each electrode has a contact end electrically contacting the electrical conductors of the circuit board and a resistor element disposed on the electrically insulating substrate and electrically connected to the contact ends of the electrodes. The solder electrically connects the electrodes of the chip resistor to the electrical conductors of the circuit board.

Abstract: A semiconductor package comprises an aluminum nitride substrate having a semiconductor element mounted thereon, a lead frame junctioned to the side of the aluminum nitride substrate directly contacting the mounted semiconductor element, and a ceramic sealing member junctioned to the aluminum nitride substrate so as to seal the semiconductor element. The lead frame has a coating layer of a nonmagnetic metallic material formed in a thickness of not more than 20 .mu.m on only one of the opposite surfaces of a lead frame matrix made of a ferromagnetic metal to which a bonding wire is to be junctioned. The layer of the nonmagnetic metallic material is formed by any of such thin film forming technique as the vacuum deposition technique, the spattering technique, and the plating technique. The coating layer formed on only one of the opposite surfaces of the lead frame matrix is capable of amply curbing the resistance and the dependency of inductance on frequency.

Abstract: A display apparatus has two plates and an intermediate member disposed between the two plates. The two plates are bonded by way of the intermediate member. A liquid is sealed in a gap or space defined by the plates and the intermediate member. The two plates are bonded by means of a fluorocarbon resin having terminal alkoxide groups or a fluorine-containing resin having terminal alkoxide groups.

Abstract: A multiple-chip semiconductor device of the present invention comprises a first and a second leadframes. The same package envelops a power semiconductor chip mounted on a power chip mounting area in the first leadframe and a control chip mounted on a control chip mounting area in the second leadframe. In the device, the second leadframe is made of metal material which is processed easier than the first leadframe, and/or is finished thinner than the first leadframe. Thus, the multiple-chip semiconductor device can effectively dissipate the heat producing in the power semiconductor chip.

Abstract: A laser operation device for insertion into a region to be irradiated and which is optimally used as an introcular device to treat cataracts, glaucoma or the like. The device has a hand piece and a probe which is to be inserted into the region to be irradiated. A first fiber portion guides light from a laser light source to the hand piece, a second fiber portion connected with the first fiber portion at a connection surface thereof introduces light from the first fiber portion to the region to be irradiated. A first terminal formed to an end of the first fiber portion and a second terminal formed to an end of the second fiber portion are connected by a split sleeve, so that alignment between the first fiber portion and the second fiber portion is facilitated. Buffers around the first fiber and the second fiber protect the respective fibers from damage. Even if the second fiber portion were destroyed, safe and accurate incising operation can be applied to eye tissue or the like.

Abstract: A resin sealed semiconductor device has a plurality of current-detecting resistors mounted and electrically connected in parallel on leads of a lead frame for detecting the current flowing in a semiconductor element mounted on the lead frame. Mounting n current-detecting resistors in parallel reduces the increase in resistance due to mounting to 1/nth the conventional value. Accordingly, changes in resistance values during mounting are minimized for accurate current measurement.