Abstract: A liquid ejecting head includes a plate which is composed of a material containing silicon, a titanium oxide layer which is disposed above the plate, a bismuth-containing layer which is disposed above the titanium oxide layer and contains bismuth, a first electrode which is disposed above the bismuth-containing layer and composed of platinum, a piezoelectric layer which is disposed above the first electrode and composed of a piezoelectric material containing at least bismuth, and a second electrode which is disposed above the piezoelectric layer.

Abstract: A thermoelectric conversion element includes a pair of electrodes and a pyroelectric material, which is a ferroelectric layer, sandwiched between the pair of electrodes. The pyroelectric material includes at least Bi (bismuth), La (lanthanum), and Fe (iron). The molar fraction of La in a Bi/La site in the crystal structure of the pyroelectric material is 0.15 or more and 0.20 or less. Such a thermoelectric conversion element, and a light detection device and electronic apparatus which include the thermoelectric conversion element have a good pyroelectric function without including Pb (lead).

Abstract: A piezoelectric element has, from a substrate side, a first electrode, a piezoelectric layer containing a composite oxide of an ABO3 type perovskite structure containing Mg, and a second electrode, which are laminated, in which the first electrode includes a diffusion suppressing layer which suppresses diffusion of the Mg and a diffusion layer which diffuses the Mg as compared with the diffusion suppressing layer, and the diffusion suppressing layer is provided on the substrate side relative to the diffusion layer.

Abstract: A pyroelectric material is constituted with an oxide containing iron, manganese, bismuth, and lanthanum, in which a ratio of the number of the manganese atoms to the sum of the number of the iron atoms, the number of the manganese atoms, and the number of titanium atoms is equal to or greater than 1.0 at % and equal to or less than 2.0 at %, and a ratio of the number of the titanium atoms to the sum of the number of the iron atoms, the number of the manganese atoms, and the number of the titanium atoms is equal to or greater than 0 at % and equal to or less than 4.0 at %.

Abstract: An infrared sensor includes a heat sensing element, the heat sensing element includes a first electrode, a second electrode and a dielectric film formed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The heat sensing element senses heat based on a change of a resistance value. The dielectric film includes at least Bi and Fe.

Abstract: Provided is a piezoelectric element in which a first electrode, a piezoelectric layer, and a second electrode are sequentially stacked on a substrate, the piezoelectric layer being formed of composite oxide having a perovskite structure which contains at least Pb, Nb, and Ti, in which the piezoelectric layer has a tetragonal crystal structure, the crystal is oriented to {100} against the substrate, and regions are mixed in a crystal lattice, each region including a (100) plane and a (001) plane which are orthogonal to a stacking direction, and the composite oxide of the piezoelectric layer is represented by the following general expression.

Abstract: A liquid-ejecting head includes a pressure-generating chamber communicating with a nozzle opening and includes a piezoelectric element including a piezoelectric layer and electrodes. The piezoelectric layer contains bismuth sodium potassium titanate and satisfies the inequality 0?Pr/Pm?0.25 at 25° C., where Pm and Pr are the saturation polarization and remanent polarization, respectively, of the piezoelectric layer.

Abstract: An infrared sensor includes a heat sensing element in which a first electrode, a dielectric film, and a second electrode are sequentially laminated; and an electric charge detection device. The dielectric film represents antiferroelectricity and has a spontaneous polarization in a predetermined measurement environment. The electric charge detection device calculates an amount of relaxation current flowing by a change of the spontaneous polarization, and senses heat of the heat sensing element based on temperature dependence of the amount of relaxation current.

Abstract: A thermoelectric conversion element includes a pair of electrodes and a pyroelectric material, which is a ferroelectric layer, sandwiched between the pair of electrodes. The pyroelectric material includes at least Bi (bismuth), La (lanthanum), and Fe (iron). The molar fraction of La in a Bi/La site in the crystal structure of the pyroelectric material is 0.15 or more and 0.20 or less. Such a thermoelectric conversion element, and a light detection device and electronic apparatus which include the thermoelectric conversion element have a good pyroelectric function without including Pb (lead).

Abstract: Provided is a liquid ejecting apparatus which comprises a pressure generation chamber, a piezoelectric element, and a driving unit which supplies a driving signal to the piezoelectric element. The piezoelectric layer shows electric field induced phase transition and when among voltages at which the piezoelectric layer shows the electric field induced phase transition a voltage having a higher absolute value is defined as VF and a voltage having a lower absolute value is defined as VAF, the driving unit supplies to the piezoelectric element a driving signal which allows the voltage to be applied to the piezoelectric layer, allows the voltage that passes through VF and of which the absolute value is equal to or higher than VAF to be set as a start point, and allows the voltage to be changed within a range where the absolute value is equal to or higher than VAF.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head, comprises a pressure generation chamber communicating with a nozzle opening and a piezoelectric element having a piezoelectric layer and an electrodes. The piezoelectric layer is a perovskite type complex oxide containing bismuth, iron, and cerium. The piezoelectric layer contains the cerium in a proportion of 0.01 molar ratio or more and 0.13 molar ratio or lower based on the total amount of the bismuth and the cerium.

Abstract: A solid state imaging device includes: solid state imaging elements having a first electrode, a ferroelectric layer, and a transparent second electrode laminated together, and a PN junction between the ferroelectric layer and the first or second electrode; a controller acquiring brightness information of an imaging target, and determining whether each solid state imaging element is set to operate in a high or low sensitivity mode based on the brightness information; and a circuit applying a voltage to the solid state imaging element based on the determination, and setting the solid state imaging element to operate in the high or low sensitivity mode, in which a photovoltaic current from the solid state imaging element which is set to operate in the high or low sensitivity mode is detected, and an image is acquired based on the detection result.

Abstract: Provided is A piezoelectric element comprising a first electrode; a piezoelectric body layer provided on the first electrode, the piezoelectric body layer including 50 mol % or more of at least bismuth and iron, and the piezoelectric body layer having a current-time curve obtained by applying a voltage to the first electrode and the second electrode including a plurality of inflection points; and a second electrode provided on the piezoelectric body layer.

Abstract: An infrared sensor includes a heat sensing element in which a first electrode, a dielectric film, and a second electrode are sequentially laminated; and an electric charge detection device. The dielectric film represents antiferroelectricity and has a spontaneous polarization in a predetermined measurement environment. The electric charge detection device calculates an amount of relaxation current flowing by a change of the spontaneous polarization, and senses heat of the heat sensing element based on temperature dependence of the amount of relaxation current.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid ejecting apparatus which comprises a pressure generation chamber, a piezoelectric element, and a driving unit which supplies a driving signal to the piezoelectric element. The piezoelectric layer shows electric field induced phase transition and when among voltages at which the piezoelectric layer shows the electric field induced phase transition a voltage having a higher absolute value is defined as VF and a voltage having a lower absolute value is defined as VAF, the driving unit supplies to the piezoelectric element a driving signal which allows the voltage to be applied to the piezoelectric layer, allows the voltage that passes through VF and of which the absolute value is equal to or higher than VAF to be set as a start point, and allows the voltage to be changed within a range where the absolute value is equal to or higher than VAF.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion element includes a first electrode, a ferroelectric layer provided on the first electrode, and a second electrode provided on the ferroelectric layer, the second electrode being a transparent electrode, and a pn junction being formed between the ferroelectric layer and the first electrode or the second electrode.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head comprises a pressure-generating chamber communicating with a nozzle opening and a piezoelectric element including a piezoelectric layer and electrodes. The piezoelectric layer is composed of a compound oxide having a perovskite structure and containing bismuth, ferrate, manganese, potassium and titanium.

Abstract: An infrared sensor includes a heat sensing element, the heat sensing element includes a first electrode, a second electrode and a dielectric film formed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The heat sensing element senses heat based on a change of a resistance value. The dielectric film includes at least Bi and Fe.

Abstract: A droplet ejecting head including: a pressure chamber connected to a nozzle hole; and a piezoelectric device having ceramic member provided with an electrode. The ceramic member is made from a solid solution containing bismuth ferrate, bismuth potassium titanate, and bismuth manganate.

Abstract: A liquid-ejecting head includes a pressure-generating chamber communicating with a nozzle opening and includes a piezoelectric element including a piezoelectric layer and electrodes. The piezoelectric layer contains bismuth sodium potassium titanate and satisfies the inequality 0?Pr/Pm?0.25 at 25° C., where Pm and Pr are the saturation polarization and remanent polarization, respectively, of the piezoelectric layer.