Abstract: To provide a diffractive optical element and a measuring device capable of generating light spots of dispersive type. The problem is resolved by providing a diffractive optical element having concaves and convexes and diffracting incident light in two dimensions so as to generate diffracted light, wherein when the number of a part of light spots formed by the diffracted light is denoted by n, an average distance W to the nearest neighbor in the light spots normalized by an area of a region onto which the light spots are projected falls within a range of 1/(2×n1/2)<W<1/(n1/2).

Abstract: A phase difference layer 12 and a reflection layer 13 are provided. Then, adjustment is performed such that the phase difference layer 12 and the reflection layer 13 impart a predetermined phase difference to light having a particular wavelength bandwidth or plural kinds of light of different wavelengths that enter in an oblique direction relative to the normal direction of the plane of the phase difference layer 12. By virtue of this, the light 16a that goes forward and backward through the phase difference layer 12 and then exits the layer has an ellipticity ? of 0.7 or greater. Thus, in particular, when this wave plate is employed in an optical head device, the function of reflection and the function of a ¼-wave plate are integrated. Thus, stable recording and reproduction of an optical disk are achieved, and size reduction is achieved in the optical head device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aberration correcting device comprising: an aberration correcting element which modulates the phase of incident light; and a position adjusting section which can move the aberration correcting element in a direction perpendicular to an optical axis of the incident light, wherein the aberration correcting element includes first and second aberration correction plates, each of which is disposed such that the phase of transmitted light beam differs with transmission position of the incident light beam with the same phase, and the aberration correcting element has a reference arrangement which is an arrangement of the first and second aberration correction plates in which the light beams transmitted through the aberration correcting element have the same phase, and assuming that a point on the first aberration correction plate crossing the optical axis is a point Oa and a point on the second aberration correction plate crossing the optical axis is a point Ob in the reference ar

Abstract: A phase difference layer 12 and a reflection layer 13 are provided. Then, adjustment is performed such that the phase difference layer 12 and the reflection layer 13 impart a predetermined phase difference to light having a particular wavelength bandwidth or plural kinds of light of different wavelengths that enter in an oblique direction relative to the normal direction of the plane of the phase difference layer 12. By virtue of this, the light 16a that goes forward and backward through the phase difference layer 12 and then exits the layer has an ellipticity ? of 0.7 or greater. Thus, in particular, when this wave plate is employed in an optical head device, the function of reflection and the function of a ¼-wave plate are integrated. Thus, stable recording and reproduction of an optical disk are achieved, and size reduction is achieved in the optical head device.

Abstract: A composite optical element includes: a single lens; a first resin layer formed on a surface of the single lens; a second resin layer formed on the first resin layer, wherein: the first resin layer has a diffraction grating of a Fresnel lens configuration; and a refractive index of the first resin layer and that of the second layer are substantially the same value for at least a light beam of one of a light beam of a wavelength ?1, a light beam of a wavelength ?2 and a light beam of a wavelength ?3 (?1<?2<?3), and the refractive index of the first resin layer and that of the second resin layer are different values for at least a light beam of another one of the light beam of the wavelength ?1, the light beam of the wavelength ?2 and the light beam of the wavelength ?3.

Abstract: A diffractive optical element includes: a first diffractive element in which a plurality of basic units are two-dimensionally arranged; and a second diffractive element in which a plurality of basic units are two-dimensionally arranged, wherein when a direction in which the basic units are arranged in the first diffractive element is a first direction, a direction in which the basic units are arranged in the second diffractive element is a second direction, an angle ? between the first direction and the second direction is such that ?|?1|<?<|?1|, and ??0, sin ?1=??/?x where a closest distance of zero-order light generated when the diffracted light generated by the first diffractive element is further incident on the second diffractive element is ?x and a closest distance of the diffracted light and stray light generated by the second diffractive element is ?.

Abstract: To provide a diffractive optical element and a measuring device capable of generating light spots of dispersive type. The problem is resolved by providing a diffractive optical element having concaves and convexes and diffracting incident light in two dimensions so as to generate diffracted light, wherein when the number of a part of light spots formed by the diffracted light is denoted by n, an average distance W to the nearest neighbor in the light spots normalized by an area of a region onto which the light spots are projected falls within a range of 1/(2×n1/2)<W<1/(n1/2).

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for reliable, easy, and low cost manufacturing of a drill head of such a kind that a cutting blade tip is brazed to a cutting blade mounting seat of a head body, with high dimensional accuracy and blade edge accuracy. In the manufacturing of a drill head 10 used with a screw shank 2 coupled in threading relation with a distal end portion of a tool shank 5 of a deep-hole cutting drill and with bounded circumferential face portions 22 and 23 at both sides which sandwich a male thread 21 portion adhered closely to a circumferential face of the tool shank 5, a screw shank cylindrical member 20A with a cutting stock 7 left at least on the bounded circumferential face portions 22 and 23 is welded and integrated with a rear end of a head body 1 for which cutting blade tips 30a to 30c have been brazed, thereafter cutting the cutting stock 7 of the screw shank cylindrical member 20A so as to be finished into the screw shank 2.

Abstract: A method for forming a through-hole on a work material using a drill having a drill head provided with a brazed-type cutting blade helps prevent generation of a spiral mark on an inner circumferential face of the through-hole and obtains a superior appearance and high working accuracy. In forming a through-hole H on a work material W by a drill head 1A with cutting blades 3A to 3C brazed to cutting blade mounting seats 13a to 13c, a drill head provided with roundness R on a blade edge outer end portion 31a of a cutting blade 3A responsible for cutting of the outermost periphery is used as the drill head 1A.

Abstract: A method for forming a through-hole on a work material using a drill having a drill head provided with a brazed-type cutting blade helps prevent generation of a spiral mark on an inner circumferential face of the through-hole and obtains a superior appearance and high working accuracy. In forming a through-hole H on a work material W by a drill head 1A with cutting blades 3A to 3C brazed to cutting blade mounting seats 13a to 13c, a drill head provided with roundness R on a blade edge outer end portion 31a of a cutting blade 3A responsible for cutting of the outermost periphery is used as the drill head 1A.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aberration correcting device comprising: an aberration correcting element which modulates the phase of incident light; and a position adjusting section which can move the aberration correcting element in a direction perpendicular to an optical axis of the incident light, wherein the aberration correcting element includes first and second aberration correction plates, each of which is disposed such that the phase of transmitted light beam differs with transmission position of the incident light beam with the same phase, and the aberration correcting element has a reference arrangement which is an arrangement of the first and second aberration correction plates in which the light beams transmitted through the aberration correcting element have the same phase, and assuming that a point on the first aberration correction plate crossing the optical axis is a point Oa and a point on the second aberration correction plate crossing the optical axis is a point Ob in the reference ar

Abstract: A drill head manufacturing method calls for a cutting tip to be CVD coated, brazed to a distal end of a drill head, polished and then PVD coated. The process effectively utilizes features of a CVD coating, which renders a tool service life longer and enables a drill head more suitable for high-speed cutting to be manufactured. A cutting tip having been CVD coated with a hard material is brazed at a brazing temperature to a predetermined portion at a distal end side of a head main body. An outer diameter portion OD of the brazed tip about a rotation axis of the head main body is polished. Then, the cutting tip and the head main body are PVD coated with a hard material at a second temperature lower than the brazing temperature.

Abstract: A solar battery module capable of assuring the fluid-tight structure of the roof panels adjacent to each other in lateral direction, realizing a weathering between the modules, eliminating a process for providing a seal member between the ends of the modules adjacent to each other, and facilitating an assembly operation, wherein a recessed part extending from the ridge side to the eaves side of the solar battery module is formed at lateral one end thereof, a projected part in the shape of coming into the recessed part is formed at the other end, and a waterproof means for suppressing the rain water invaded onto the upper surface of the projected part from circulating to the lower surface thereof is installed on the projected part in the state of being inserted into the corresponding recessed part of the solar battery module disposed adjacently to the side.

Abstract: A three-way indexable throwaway tip for deep-hole drilling can be used as a center cutting blade body for a drill head in either whole cutting type or uncut core break-off type applications. The throwaway tip for deep-hole drilling is of a thick plate body having a three-fold symmetry with three cutting sections that are rotationally spaced apart at a central angle of 120 degrees. When mounted on a drill head, one cutting section of the throwaway tip faces a drilling direction. The forward facing blade edge of that cutting section includes an inner blade edge shorter in blade length and an outer blade edge longer in blade length forming an apex. The outer blade edge is composed of two consecutive blade edge portions of a peak-side outer blade edge portion having a smaller outer blade edge angle and a corner-side outer blade edge portion having a larger outer blade edge angle.

Abstract: Provided is a drill head for deep-hole drilling which does not generate such a disc that clogs a cutting chip discharge port when a head main body of the drill head penetrates a work material. The drill head is mounted with a central cutting blade tip 6 at the head center portion so as for a blade edge 6a thereof to be inclined downward toward the head center portion, a circumferential cutting blade tip 7 at a circumferential portion so as for a blade edge 7a thereof to be inclined upward toward the head center portion, and an intermediate cutting blade tip 8 therebetween so as for a blade edge 8a thereof to be inclined upwardly and inwardly toward the head center portion, while the cutting blade tips face a cutting chip discharge port 4 or 5. The drill head includes a head main body 2 having an interior hollow portion 3 serving as a cutting chip discharge passage which communicates with the discharge ports 4 and 5.

Abstract: Provided is a drill head for deep-hole drilling in which a cutting blade tip is mounted to face a cutting chip discharge port opened at a head distal end surface and a hollow inside is made into a cutting chip discharge passage communicating with the cutting chip discharge port, wherein high cutting efficiency based on good cutting chip dischargeability can be achieved and the cutting blade itself is also easily processed in terms of form.

Abstract: A gun drill having excellent cutting efficiency, having high deep-hole drilling efficiency, and having a prolonged blade service life has a cutter head having a coolant discharge port communicating with a coolant supplying path at the distal end face at the distal end of a hollow shank portion having a cutting chip discharge groove, whose section along the lengthwise direction is V-shaped, on the outer surface and having the interior thereof made into a coolant supplying path, wherein a blade portion of the cutter head is made of cemented carbide alloy, and at the same time, the guide pads and that are brought into sliding contact with the inner circumference of a cutting bore are composed of a dissimilar material having higher hardness than the cemented carbide alloy.

Abstract: A gun drill has a cutting blade which attains high cutting efficiency without requiring exact positional accuracy at the time of brazing an associated cutting blade tip onto a cutting head. Thus, the cutting head can be manufactured easily and the cutting blade itself is also easily processed. The cutting blade is configured such that an inner end of a blade edge is spaced apart from a head central axis to form a non-cutting zone in the vicinity of the shaft center, a cutting blade side face at the inner end side constitutes an inclined surface which is inclined from the inner end to the head central axis side, and a uncut core of a work material generated in the non-cutting zone is broken off by press-contact of the inclined cutting blade side face during drilling operations.

Abstract: A gun drill is capable of supplying a coolant sufficiently to a cutting region even when a cutting blade or a guide pad is of a brazed type, or when an opening angle of a cutting chip discharge groove is large or when a tool diameter is small and of achieving high cutting efficiency by discharging cutting chips efficiently from the cutting region. The gun drill includes coolant supply passages inside a tool shank and inside a cutting head. A lengthwise direction linear cutting chip discharge groove on an outer circumferential surface extends from a proximal side of the tool shank to a cutting head distal end. The cutting head is formed with a coolant lead-out groove extending from a head-lengthwise direction intermediate portion to the head distal end, at an outer circumferential surface portion at a back side relative to the cutting chip discharge groove. A coolant lead-out port communicating with a coolant supply passage is open at a proximal end side of the coolant lead-out groove.

Abstract: A liquid crystal lens element capable of finely adjusting focal length according to the magnitude of applied voltage, and an optical head device employing such a liquid crystal lens element, are provided. On one surface of a transparent substrate 511, a transparent electrode 513 and a concave-convex portion 517 made of a transparent material having a cross section shape approximated by a saw-tooth shape, are formed so as to constitute a plurality of annular portions, and on one surface of a transparent substrate 512, a transparent electrode 514 is formed. The transparent electrodes 513 and 514 constitute annular divided electrode segments, and division positions of the annular electrode segments are made to be agree with division positions of annular portions of the saw-tooth-shaped concave-convex portion 517 of the transparent substrate 511.