Abstract: A norbornane or norbornene derivative of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein the bond represented by the dotted line is present or absent and n is 0 or 1, the norbornane and norbornene derivatives having a characteristic odor of sandalwood oil and useful for perfumery; and a process for the production thereof.

Abstract: A wrapping machine has a heat sealing band running horizontally forward along a feed passage which lies in front of a former which forms a strip piece of film into a tube. The heat sealing band is put on a pair of electrode pulleys, and its upper portion between a pair of the electrode pulleys which runs along the feed passage is charged with electricity directly through a pair of the electrode pulleys.

Abstract: A chewing gum base containing natural rubber, basic gum additives and a decomposition product obtained by thermally decomposing natural rubber at a temperature of 200.degree. C. to 350.degree. C. in an inert atmosphere and removing low boiling point fractions up to 160.degree. C. at a pressure of approximately 1 mm Hg.

Abstract: A panel structure is fabricated by stretching a skin plate with a tensile stress below the elastic limit stress thereof, securing this plate onto a framework with the plate under a constraining tensile stress and with portions thereof to which the constraining stress is not being fully applied being heated thereby to cause thermal expansion thereof, removing the constraining stress, and permitting the plate to cool and thereby to undergo thermal contraction and deformation, thereby producing tensile residual stress within the plate, whereby occurrence of welding deformations in the plate on the finished panel is prevented. Depending on the necessity, the skin plate may be prestretched with a stress exceeding the yield point thereof before the above described panel fabrication.

Abstract: A large, heavy built structure is moved safely and rapidly from a first position to a second position both on a common ground surface by installing on the ground surface a temporary water-retaining wall enclosure surrounding commonly the built structure at the first position and the second position, supplying water into the enclosure thereby to raise the structure by flotation off the ground surface, applying force to move the structure in the raised state to a position immediately above the second position, and draining the water out of the enclosure thereby to cause the structure to descend onto the second position. A buoyant built structure is floated as it is, while a non-buoyant structure is provided with floats. A structure which must not be wetted is built beforehand in a tray-like vessel of sufficient buoyancy.

Abstract: At least one ship building berth space is provided on the ground adjacent to a dock facing open water. When a ship is built in the berth space, temporary partitioning walls are set up in a manner surrounding the berth space and the dock, and water is supplied into the area surrounded by the walls to cause the ship to float off the floor of the berth space, whereby the ship can be floatingly moved into the dock and then can be launched into the open water.