Abstract: An improved air conditioning system that cools or heats air very rapidly after being started. The system includes a main heater and a cooler which also functions as an auxially heater. The cooler includes a variable displacement compressor for compressing refrigerant gas. The compressor has a crank chamber and a discharge chamber. A crank mechanism is accommodated in the crank chamber. Compressed refrigerant gas is supplied to an external refrigerant circuit via the discharge chamber. The discharge chamber is connected to the external refrigerant circuit by a passage. A throttle valve is located in the passage. The throttle valve closes the passage immediately after the compressor is started, which quickly increases the pressure of the discharge chamber. As a result, the displacement of the compressor is increased quickly, and rapid heating or cooling results.

Abstract: Scroll compressors are taught that include an outer peripheral portion (23) of a movable scroll member (20) disposed opposite of an end face (13) of a stationary scroll member (10). At least one end portion (20, 23) has a shape that prevents contact when the movable scroll member (20) bends or deforms under high pressure. The contact avoiding shape or structure may be, for example, a tapered portion, a recessed portion or a step shaped portion.

Abstract: A hybrid compressor that is selectively driven by an engine and a motor. A compression mechanism includes a drive shaft. A clutch is attached to the front of the compression mechanism, and the motor is attached to the rear of the compression mechanism. The motor has an output shaft connected to the drive shaft. The clutch selectively transmits power from the engine to the drive shaft. This structure makes the hybrid compressor compact and reduces the imbalance of the load applied to its drive shaft.

Abstract: An air conditioning system 100 may include a compressor 101 having a driving chamber 110, a cooling circuit 151, a heating circuit 152 and a controller 189. This system may release high pressure refrigerant from the compressor discharge port 120 into the compressor driving chamber 110 by means of the controller 189. The controller 189 may include a selector 181, a first refrigerant releasing means 183 and a second refrigerant releasing means 185. The selector 181 connects the discharge port 120 and the driving chamber 110 by both the first and second refrigerant releasing means 183, 185 when discharge pressure of the refrigerant has reached a predetermined high-pressure state during operation of the heating circuit 152.

Abstract: A sustained-release preparation which can release a highly water-soluble medicinally active ingredient over a long time and a process for the production thereof are provided. The preparation has a sustained-releasing layer formed by heating and melting a layer composed of both an aqueous ethylcellulose latex containing a plasticizer and a wax to miscibilize them.

Abstract: A hybrid compressor selectively driven by an engine and an electric motor. The hybrid compressor includes a variable displacement compression mechanism. When the compression mechanism is driven by the motor, the cooling capacity of a refrigeration circuit that includes the hybrid compressor is adjusted by controlling the inclination of the swash plate and the motor speed. In the control procedure, the inclination angle of the swash plate and the motor speed are controlled so that the compression mechanism and the motor are most efficiently operated to achieve the required cooling capacity. Therefore, the hybrid compressor is constantly operated with maximum efficiency.

Abstract: An air conditioning system 100 may include a compressor 101 having a driving chamber 111, a heating circuit 310 and a controller 203. This system may release high pressure refrigerant from the compressor discharge port 141 into the compressor driving chamber 111 by opening a capacity control valve 181 when the discharge pressure of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 101 exceeds a predetermined reference value. By increasing the pressure within the driving chamber 111, the compressor discharge capacity can be reduced. As a result, the discharge pressure of the compressor 101 will be reduced by the reduction in the compressor discharge capacity. Further, the controller 203 may decrease the reference value in accordance with a value related to change in the discharge pressure. As a result, the capacity control valve 181 can be opened at an early stage of the increasing of the discharge pressure if the discharge pressure increases rapidly.

Abstract: A piston-operated refrigerant compressor provided with pistons fitted with piston rings and reciprocating in cylinder bores of a cylinder block having a central boss portion formed in an inner end face thereof confronting a crank chamber for receiving a cam or swash plate mounted on a drive shaft, and the central boss portion of the cylinder block defining therein a plurality of axially projecting lip portions formed at a portion of each bore end of the cylinder bore for permitting the diameter of the piston ring to be compressively reduced during inserting of the piston into the corresponding cylinder bore at the assembling stage of the refrigerant compressor either in cooperation with a piston-assembling jig provided with guide bores to promote a smooth insertion of each piston together with the piston ring into the corresponding cylinder bore or without cooperation of the piston-assembling jig.

Abstract: A CO2 cycle system having a variable capacity compressor is controlled even when the refrigerant delivery capacity of the variable capacity compressor changes. When the refrigerant delivery capacity of the variable capacity compressor decreases, the aperture of an electric expansion valve is fixed for a predetermined time To. When the refrigerant delivery capacity has not changed, the aperture of the electric expansion valve is controlled so that the refrigerant temperature and pressure on the outlet side of a system heat exchanger change along an optimal control line. As a result, because the refrigerant delivery capacity Qd of the compressor is controlled in correspondence with the intake pressure Ps, i.e., the pressure on the side of the evaporator, without being influenced by control of the expansion valve side, the CO2 cycle system can be adequately controlled.

Abstract: A control valve for controlling displacement of a variable displacement compressor having a suction chamber, a discharge chamber, a control chamber, and a pressurizing passage. The control valve adjusts the amount of refrigerant sent to the control chamber from the discharge chamber to control the compressor displacement. The control valve includes a valve body for adjusting the opened area of the pressurizing passage. A solenoid urges the valve body in a first direction with a force corresponding to the value of the current fed to the solenoid. A first and second pressure chamber are partitioned by a diaphragm in the valve. A target value of the pressure difference between the first and second pressure chambers is determined by the urging force of the solenoid. For a given constant solenoid current, the compressor seeks the target value that corresponds to that current. The solenoid requires only a relatively small current range, even if carbon dioxide is used as the refrigerant.

Abstract: A variable displacement compressor in a refrigeration circuit using carbon dioxide refrigerant. The compressor changes the inclination of a swash plate located in a control chamber in accordance with the difference between the pressure in the control chamber and the pressure in a suction chamber thereby varying the compressor displacement. The compressor includes a control valve that adjusts the difference between the pressure in the control chamber and the pressure in the suction pressure. The control valve controls the flow rate of refrigerant supplied from the discharge chamber to the control chamber thereby adjusting the pressure difference. A controller inputs information from the outside of the refrigeration circuit. The outside information includes the outside temperature, the temperature of a passenger compartment and a target compartment temperature set by a temperature adjuster.

Abstract: In a single-ended swash plate compressor, in which pistons are guided at both ends, the side clearance between the pistons and the cylinder bores on the guide side is made larger than the side clearance between the pistons and the said cylinder bores on the compression side. Preferably, this is approximately 2 to 10 times, that is approximately 10 to 100 .mu.m larger, or more preferably, 7 times larger.

Abstract: A solid polymer electrolyte type fuel cell system having a reduced size and weight, which exhibits an improved efficiency. To supply reaction gas to an anode or a cathode, a water lubricated type compressor is employed with the following operational advantages. The face pressure of sliding faces of the water lubricated type compressor, that is the compression ratio and number of revolutions thereof, can be greatly improved, as compared to the conventional oil free type compressor. The compression efficiency is improved by reducing of leakage of reaction gas between the sliding faces. No oil film is formed so as not to deteriorate the battery performance. The size of the water lubricated type compressors can be greatly reduced to about one-third to a half of the conventional oil free type compressor. In addition, the improvement of the compression efficiency and reduction of the friction loss result in a great reduction of driving power.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a refrigerating system and a method of operating a refrigerating system. The refrigerating system includes a compressor, a gas cooler used as a heat-dissipation type heat exchanger, an expansion valve used as a throttling means, an evaporator used as a heat-absorption type heat exchanger and an accumulator, which are connected in series with each other to form a closed circuit. The closed circuit is adapted so that the higher pressure of the closed circuit becomes the supercritical pressure of a refrigerant circulating the closed circuit. This has a control characteristic property wherein the lower evaporating pressure increases as the higher pressure increases.

Abstract: A compressor has a plurality of cylinder bores defined around a rotary shaft in a cylinder block and a plurality of double-headed pistons accommodated in the respective cylinder bores. The pistons compress refrigerant gas in a plurality of front and rear compression chambers defined in the bores in the front and rear of the respective pistons according to the rotation of a cam plate mounted on the rotary shaft. The compressor has bearing that receive thrust loads applied to the rotary shaft during operation of the compressor. The pistons create a net thrust load determined by the difference between the maximum of the sum of loads applied to the front sides of the pistons by the refrigerant gas in the front compression chambers and the maximum of the sum of loads applied to the rear sides of the pistons by the refrigerant gas in the rear compression chambers. The pistons transfer the net thrust load to the rotary shaft in a predetermined direction.