Abstract: Functionalized fullerenes, when excited at any of a broad range of wavelengths in an oxygen free environment, undergo luminescence. The oxygen sensitive luminescence of functionalized fullerenes is used for numerous applications including oxygen detection; irradiation induced healing of polymeric materials; and phosphors for optical location and display applications. The degradation of the functionalized fullerenes allows for the detection of oxygen by diminished luminescence when the fullerenes are exposed to an irradiation source, such as a laser beam, in the presence of oxygen. The luminescence from a portion of a surface of a material with functionalized fullerenes allows for the location of the surface containing a functionalized fullerene target in the absence of oxygen or to heat the object in the area irradiated that is exposed to oxygen. The localized heating can be used to repair defects to a material containing the functionalized fullerenes.

Abstract: Methods of stimulating an increase in biomass by stimulating the growth, lifespan and/or reproduction of organisms such as fungi, algae, plants, and other aquatic organisms are provided by applying an effective amount of functionalized fullerenes. For example, polyhydroxy fullerenes are effective at low levels of promoting the increase in biomass.

Abstract: In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a method for recording holographic data in an optical data storage medium is provided. The method includes (i) providing an optical data storage medium including: (a) a thermoplastic polymer matrix, (b) a latent acid generator, (c) a non-linear sensitizer, and (d) a reactant including a latent chromophore. The method further includes (ii) irradiating a volume element of the optical data storage medium with an interference pattern, said interference pattern including an incident radiation having a wavelength and an intensity sufficient to cause upper triplet energy transfer from the non-linear sensitizer to the latent acid generator, thereby generating an acid, wherein the latent acid generator is substantially non-responsive to said incident radiation.

Abstract: An electromagnetic radiation activated device comprises a property changing material and at least one functionalized fullerene that upon irradiation of the functionalized fullerenes with electromagnetic radiation of one or more frequencies a thermally activated chemical or physical transformation occurs in the property changing material. The thermal activated transformation of the property changing material is triggered by the heating or combustion of the functionalized fullerenes upon their irradiation. The device can include a chemical agent that is embedded in the property changing material and is released when the material is heated by the functionalized fullerenes upon irradiation.

Abstract: A system and method for contactless multi-fingerprint collection is disclosed. The contactless multi-fingerprint collection system includes an imaging volume, a user interface configured to provide feedback to the subject regarding a proximity of a hand to a desired imaging location within the imaging volume, and at least one image capture device to capture images of each of the plurality of fingerprints at each of at least two different depths from the fingerprints. The contactless multi-fingerprint collection system also includes a processor coupled to the at least one image capture device that is programmed to generate a composite image and a contour map of each of the plurality of fingerprints from the images captured at the at least two different depths and generate a two-dimensional rolled equivalent image of each of the plurality of fingerprints from the composite image and the contour map.

Abstract: A network based advertisement system includes an optimizer configured to forecast a supply of opportunities, forecast a supply of guaranteed contracts, and forecast a supply of non-guaranteed contracts. Each opportunity represents a user visiting a webpage. Each guaranteed contract guarantees the matching of an advertisement to a number of opportunities. Each non-guaranteed contract guarantees a user event associated with an advertisement. The optimizer then generates a plan for matching contracts to opportunities based on the forecasted supply of opportunities, the forecasted supply of guaranteed contracts, the forecasted supply of non-guaranteed contracts, and an objective function that balances a group of parameters that define the representativeness of contracts, a cost associated with not serving non-guaranteed contracts, and performance objectives associated with contracts.

Abstract: A method for electron beam nanolithography without the need for development step involves depositing a film of a resist comprising functionalized fullerenes on a substrate, and writing features by exposure to an electron beam with an accelerating voltage and dose rate sufficient to promote heating or thermal degradation of the functionalized fullerene in the irradiated volume such that a pattern is generated without a subsequent development step or with an aqueous developer. Lithographic features of about 1 nm or greater can be formed.

Abstract: Functionalized fullerenes are used in a method of combating fungal growth on surfaces and treating fungal diseases of patients. Surfaces that can be treated by the materials comprising an effective amount of functionalized fullerenes include those of fruits, vegetables, harvested grains, plants, or plant seeds. The method of combating fungal growth on a surface can be augmented but is not dependent on irradiation of the surface by light. Functional fullerenes are employed in various dosage forms such as topical, ingestible or administration.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for matching a display advertisement to a user within a large-scale, non-destructive user modeling and experimentation environment using real-time traffic. The method commences by populating a user profile object (containing demographics, history, and behaviors of the user) for use during concurrent operation of a production platform and an experimentation platform. To implement non-destructive testing, the method continues by cloning a portion of the real-time traffic for use by the experimentation platform while concurrently delivering the real-time traffic to the production platform. The production platform and the experimentation platform operate concurrently, scoring matches between the user profile objects and a plurality of display advertisements for selecting among the best-scored advertisements.

Abstract: Electromagnetic irradiation of functionalized fullerenes in an oxygen-free environment induces conversion of the functionalized fullerenes to carbon nanotubes, carbon nanohorns, carbon onions, diamonds and/or carbon schwarzites. The carbon nanotubes can be multi-wall carbon nanotubes. Advantageously, the subject invention can be used for in-situ synthesis of carbon nanostructures within a matrix to form a carbon nanostructure composite, where positioning of the carbon nanostructures is controlled by the manner of dispersion of the functionalized fullerenes in the matrix. Carbon nanotube comprising features, such as electrical connects, can be formed on a surface by irradiating a portion of a functionalized fullerene coating with a laser beam.

Abstract: A grid game, such as crossword, operable on a networked computer or internet enabled device, which employs pre-designed clues and searching and search engine retrieval functions to aid the user in ascertaining the answers. The results generated by the search engine are displayed in predetermined locations on the results page returned by the search engine.

Abstract: Polyhydroxyfullerenes (PHFs) having enhanced electron scavenging capabilities have a ratio of non-hydroxyl functional groups to hydroxyl functional groups that is less than or equal to 0.3. When combined with a semiconductor photocatalyst, such as titanium dioxide nanoparticles, the PHFs provide a photocatalyst for degradation of chemical and biological contaminates with an efficiency of at least twice that of titanium dioxide nanoparticles free of PHFs. The PRFs are included in these catalysts at a weight ratio to titanium dioxide of about 0.001 to about 0.003, whereas significantly lower and higher ratios do not achieve the highly improved photodegradation capability. PHFs outside of the desired structure are shown to be of little value for photodegradation, and can be inhibiting to the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. The enhanced electron scavenging PHFs can be employed as a component of materials for solar cells, field effect transistors, and radical scavengers.

Abstract: Fullerenes, when irradiated with electromagnetic radiation, generate acoustic waves. A photoacoustic tomography method using a material comprising fullerenes is disclosed that includes irradiating the material with a radiation beam such as a laser. The resultant photoacoustic effect produced by the material is detected by at least one detector. A photoacoustic tomography system using a material comprising fullerenes is also described.

Abstract: A synchronization framework is provided for synchronizing data groups between a server and clients that may go off-line. The framework includes a client sync provider component that interfaces to client storage in a storage format independent way, a sync agent component that collects synchronization metadata maintained by the clients and uploads and/or downloads changes to the data groups to and/or from server storage and a server sync provider component that interfaces via sync adapters to server storage independently of storage format. The framework provides default building blocks for building off-line synchronizing applications that behave according to default application synchronization scenarios, and also enables custom building blocks for custom off-line application synchronization scenarios.

Abstract: A method for making recommendations to improve advertisement campaign performance includes receiving a seed campaign insertion order (IO) having one or more campaign IO lines; computing a plurality of neighbor ad campaigns based on a comparison of the seed campaign IO with a dataset of advertiser ad campaign IO lines; generating campaign IO recommendations by executing an algorithm to recommend a campaign feature and value (FV) as a change to a line of the seed campaign IO based on success of such use by the neighbor ad campaigns; ranking the FV recommendations based on at least one performance metric; filtering the FV recommendations based on a plurality of performance-enhancing criteria of the seed campaign IO and the neighbor ad campaigns with respect to individual FV recommendations; and displaying the ranked FV recommendations to the advertiser for selection.

Abstract: A method for recommending improvements to advertisement campaign performance includes receiving a seed campaign insertion order (IO) having one or more campaign IO lines; computing a plurality of neighbor ad campaigns based on comparison of the seed campaign IO with a dataset of advertiser ad campaign IO lines; generating campaign IO recommendations by executing an algorithm to recommend profiles to add to the seed campaign IO from booking lines corresponding to the profiles based on performance of such use by the neighbor ad campaigns being generally above average when compared with campaigns that did not use the recommended profiles; filtering the profile recommendations based on a plurality of performance-enhancing criteria of the seed campaign IO and the neighbor ad campaigns with respect to each potential profile recommendation; ranking the profile recommendations based on at least one performance metric; and displaying the ranked profile recommendations to the advertiser for selection.

Abstract: A method to release hydrogen from a material comprising hydrogen fixed fullerenes involves irradiating the hydrogen fixed fullerenes with electromagnetic radiation of sufficient intensity to release hydrogen rapidly upon irradiation. The intensity of the irradiation and/or the area of irradiation can be adjusted to control the rate and extent of hydrogen release. The hydrogen depleted material comprising hydrogen fixed fullerene can be hydrogenated to regenerate the material.

Abstract: A method for electron beam nanolithography without the need for development step involves depositing a film of a resist comprising functionalized fullerenes on a substrate, and writing features by exposure to an electron beam with an accelerating voltage and dose rate sufficient to promote heating or thermal degradation of the functionalized fullerene in the irradiated volume such that a pattern is generated without a subsequent development step or with an aqueous developer. Lithographic features of about 1 nm or greater can be formed.

Abstract: A method of irradiating a target region containing at least one fullerene comprising molecule promotes the heating or combustion of the target region. The heating method can be employed in a variety of applications including: selective targeting and destruction of cancer cells, detonation of explosives, ignition of a combustible mixture, photolithographic processes, and writing of optical storage media.

Abstract: Various embodiments are directed to gaming machines having one or more adjustable displays. According to one embodiment, the gaming machine includes a first display and an adjustable display mounted in a gaming cabinet where the adjustable display is rotatable about a horizontal axis of the adjustable display. The gaming machine also includes a motor operatively coupled to the adjustable display. The gaming machine also includes a player tracking device is also located on the gaming cabinet. The player tracking device is capable of receiving player-specific information. A controller is also provided in the gaming machine. The controller is operatively coupled to the motor and the player tracking device, and the controller causes the motor to rotate the adjustable display to a position based on the player-specific information received by the player tracking device.